use of local kelor (moringa oleifera) leaves powder from West Nusa Tenggara to increase the neutrophile cell phagocyte index and its function on rats with PEM infected by staphylococcus aureus

Indonesia reportedly ranksthird in the prevalence of acute malnutrition in the Asia Pacific.Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) has a high prevalence in the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province with over600 cases reported by the Health Department from January to October 2015, especially among children under five of which 31 cases led to death. Meanwhile, the nutrition status is accurately determined through blood biochemical and hematology tests. The Neutrophil index is an important biomarker in combating infectious agents, such as Staphylococcus aureus which is oftenthe cause of contagious diseases. Individuals suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition are most vulnerable to these types of infections. Fortunately, kelor (Moringaoleifera) has been found to have nutritious contents, especially protein and iron (Fe), butits potential has not been extensively explored in the West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to confirm the effect of the local kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaves powder in increasing the Innate Immune Response of sample rats with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). A post-test randomized control group design was used with 20 rats grouped into five with a period of 56 days. The hematology examination used micros 6.0 (CBC-analyzer), neutrophile phagocyte index with gradient density technique, whileall data analyses were conducted using the One-way Anova.

Pengaruh Pemberian Daun Kelor Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Lansia Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Hipertensi menjadi salah satu penyakit yang menjadi faktor risiko terbesar kematian. Hipertensi menjadi penyakit penyerta yang banyak di temukan pada penderita COVID-19. Sekitar 15% kasus hipertensi yang terdapat pada pasien COVID-19 dan kejadian hipertensi mayoritas terjadi pada usia lansia sebesar 54,60%. Diperlukan suatu tindakan non farmakologi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah salah satunya dengan daun kelor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian daun kelor terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi lansia selama masa pandemi covid -19 di Kabupaten Grobogan. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan quasy eksperimen with control group design. Pengambilan sampel adalah non probability sampling dengan teknik qouta sampling (Judgement Sampling). Hasil diperoleh rata rata penurunan tekanan darah sistole adalah 16,00 dan hasil signifikansi dari perbedaan didapatkan r (0,000) < α (0,05). rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah diastole adalah 14,33 dengan hasil signifikansi dari perbedaan didapatkan r (0,000) < α (0,05) yang artinya ada pengaruh pemberian daun kelor terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Simpulan terdapat perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol pada lansia hipertensi di kabupaten Grobogan.Kata Kunci : hipertensi; lansia; daun kelorThe Effect Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf On Blood Pressure Reduction In Elderly With Hypertension Patients During The Covid-19 PandemicsAbstractHypertension is one of the diseases that are the biggest risk factor for death. Hypertension is a comorbid disease that is often found in patients with COVID-19. About 15% of hypertension cases found in COVID-19 patients and the majority of hypertension cases occurred in the elderly at 54.60%. A non-pharmacological action is needed to lower blood pressure, one of which is Moringa Oleifera leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Moringa Oleifera leaves on reducing blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Grobogan Regency. Quantitative research method was used with a quasi-experimental design control group design. The sampling technique was Non Probability Sampling with Qouta Sampling technique (Judgement Sampling). The results obtained that the average decrease in systolic blood pressure was 16.00 and the significance of the difference was  (0.000) (0.05). The average decrease in diastolic blood pressure was 14.33 with the results of the significance of the difference obtained (0.000) (0.05) which means that there is an effect of giving Moringa Oleifera leaves to decrease blood pressure. In conclusion, there are differences in blood pressure reduction in the treatment group and the control group in the elderly with hypertension in Grobogan district. Keywords: hypertension, elderly, moringa leaf.

Comparative Hypolipidemic Evaluation of Aframomum Melegueta Seeds and Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Aims: The study was carried out to compare the lipid lowering effects of both crude drugs as well as deducing the extracts with the best lipid lowering property; and the fractions. Study Design: The research was conducted with an experimental design solely based on laboratory trials which involved the use of ninety-six (96) male albino wistar rats to compare the hypolipidemic effects of both crude drugs and respective fractions. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria. The research was carried out from March to August, 2021. Methodology: Ethanol extracts of both plants were prepared using soxhlet extraction. Each extract was then subjected to VLC fractionation using four solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The fractions were bulked together after conducting thin layer chromatographic procedures and each extract was bulked into four fractions. The acute toxicity studies (LD50) of both extracts were determined in the rats using Lorke’s method. The crude extracts were screened for the presence and quantity of phytoconstituents using standard methods. The antilipidemic study was carried out using sixty-eight (68) rats randomized into seventeen (17) groups of four (4) animals each. Lipid profile was determined using spectrophotometer. Liver function tests and histology was also carried out using standard procedures. Results: Administration of various treatments (both crude extracts and fractions) evoked a significant (p<0.05) reduction of TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as significant (p<0.05) elevation of HDL-C when compared with the negative control. With a percentage serum lipid reduction of 45.11%TC, 48.23%TG, 63.39% LDL-C and 174.69% elevation of HDL-C, the group treated with the combination of 500 mg/kg Aframomum melegueta and 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera produced the best hypolipidemic effect. This is closely followed by fraction MO4. Comparatively, Moringa oleifera extracts exerts a better antilipidemic effect than Aframomum melegueta seed extract. The liver function test showed that both plants has no toxic effect on the liver cells at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, hence confirming the hepatoprotective effect of both crude drugs at the doses administered. Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study suggests that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves is more effective than ethanol extract of Aframomum melegueta seeds as a hypolipidemic agent, however, combination of both crude drugs as a lipid lowering agent has proved to be more effective and reliable when compared to each crude drug administered independently.

Physicochemical Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves Grown in Valencian Community (Spain)

Moringa oleifera is a foliated tree widely cultivated in tropical latitudes, which is highly adaptable to climatic conditions and dry soils. Every part of the plant has nutritional, therapeutic or industrial benefits. This is due to its phytochemicals such as glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids and tannins, high values of crude protein, carbohydrates, starch and lipids. In addition, the use of the leaves has increased considerably by the agro-food and biochemical industries since they are a valuable source of dietary proteins and essential amino acids. This work aimed to characterize three types of leaf from Moringa oleifera seeds with different origins (Thai (C1), Ghana (C2) and India (C3)), grown in the same plot, but with different cultural practices (intended for leaf production (C1 and C2) or sheath production (C3). For this, water content and optical properties were determined in the fresh leaves. Later the leaves were dried (50 °C for 8 h) and pulverized, analyzing their water content, antioxidant capacity, color and amino acid content. No significant differences were observed in fresh leaves in terms of humidity and color. In dry powder, a higher antioxidant capacity was registered in moringa type C2, with a% DPPH inhibition of 83.7%, although in all cases, it exceeded 60%, showing the high persistence of the antioxidants after drying. Serine, glutamic acid and alanine were the major amino acids with values of 373 ± 78, 301 ± 51 and 248 ± 9 mg/100 g of powder, respectively, without influencing the applied field treatment or origin.

A comparative study of HPLC-DAD and UPLC-UV methods for simultaneous determination of 11 polyphenols in Moringa oleifera leaves

Purpose: To develop, validate and compare two chromatographic methods - high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector ((HPLC-DAD) and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV) for the effective analysis of polyphenols in Moringa oleifera leaves.Methods: HPLC-DAD and UPLC-UV methods were applied for the accurate determination of eleven major polyphenols in Moringa oleifera leaves. The chromatographic conditions of the eleven polyphenols was determined on two C18 column by gradient elution with 0.5 % phosphoric acid solution -acetonitrile as the eluate, and at a flow rate of 1.0 and 0.5 mL/min for HPLC-DAD and UPLC-UV methods, respectively. Detector parameter of UPLC-UV was fixed at 203 nm. The assay methods were validated systematically.Results: The instrumental methods (HPLC-DAD and UPLC-UV) had good linearity, precision,repeatability and recovery. For both methods, quantification limits of UPLC-UV (0.057 - 0.363 μg/mL) were lower than those of UPLC-UV (0.094 - 1.532 μg/mL). The UPLC method with a shorter running time and more sensitive detection was applied in comparing to the HPLC method. After optimization and evaluation, the baseline of 11 compounds was separated effectively within 68 and 34 min, respectively.Conclusion: The developed HPLC-DAD and UPLC-UV assays were successfully utilized for thesimultaneous analysis of eleven major polyphenols and can readily be utilized as quality control tools for Moringa oleifera leaves in China, with UPLC-UV method showing better separation, lower organic solvent usage and shorter analytical period.

Compressional Physics of Binary Mixture of Dried Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera Leaves

Traditionally, the leafy part of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera have been widely reported to manage hypertension. Investigation of its pharmacological actions justifies its use. As part of formulation studies to standardize them, this study focused on their compaction and compression properties. Compacts equivalent to 250 mg of A. paniculata and M. oleifera were produced by compressing powders and granules at various compression pressure. Results show that M. oleifera met the WHO limit for ash values. Relative density values for granulated batches were higher, while their moisture content values were lower when compared to those of direct compression. The result from Heckel plots shows that batches deform mainly by plastic flow. For Kawakita plots, values of 1/b show that batches containing microcrystalline cellulose were less cohesive. The plot of tensile strength signifies that granulated batches achieved maximum crushing strength faster at low pressure. Formulations containing maize starch were shown to have higher percent porosity, and granulated batches gave higher values for apparent density-pressure relationship and lower friability values. Tablets produced by the wet granulation method showed better compression and compaction properties than those formulated by direct compression.

Screening for Anti-Diabetic Peptides from Moringa oleifera leaves

Moringa oleifera commonly called as Drumstick tree is a multipurpose tree and it is widely present in the places like India, Asia, Africa, etc. Its leaves are emetic and their juices are used for medicinal purposes. Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome with insufficient insulin secretion and abnormal glucose tolerance. It is a group of diseases which results in too much sugar in the blood. Leaves from Moringa oleifera were collected, analysed for their anti- diabetic activity. First the proteins are extracted using protein extraction methods, estimated using Lowry’s method, and then anti- diabetic activity was checked using Glucose uptake assay by yeast cells, where the plant extract (small proteins) was able to uptake glucose. SDS-PAGE was carried out to check the protein’s size and molecular weight. The characterization of Moringa oleifera conducted in this study shows that the small peptides from the leaves of this plant can contribute significantly in the daily recommended intake of it, since it serves as a rich source of all minerals, vitamins etc. This study has confirmed that the small peptides from the leaves of M.oleifera can fight against diabetics and the result indicated that Murungai (Moringa) leaves are suitable source of green leaf to reduce the diabetic complications in diabetic patients.