MANAGEMENT OF LOOSE SMUT DISEASE (USTILAGO TRITICI) AND DETERMINATION OF FUNGICIDES RESIDUES IN WHEAT MATRICES USING QuEChERS METHODOLOGY

Fungal diseases pose a potential threat to successful cereal production in wheat particularly in Pakistan. Loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici is an important disease of wheat. During the current research various lines of wheat were screened against the deadly disease, results showed no line was resistant against the disease in the wheat genetic resources, mostly varieties showed susceptible to highly susceptible response. All the environmental variables were found conducive for the development of the disease. The disease is a serious concern for wheat production and potential breeding programs are the need of time to cater the losses due to this disease.

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Inheritance of resistance to loose smut [Ustilago tritici] in three durum wheat lines

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1080/07060660409507176 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 555-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yosep S. Mau ◽

Stephen L. Fox ◽

Ronald E. Knox

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Ustilago Tritici ◽

Wheat Lines

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Genetics and identification of molecular markers linked to resistance to loose smut (Ustilago tritici) race T33 in durum wheat

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-009-9903-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 169 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Harpinder Singh Randhawa ◽

Zlatko Popovic ◽

Jim Menzies ◽

Ron Knox ◽

Stephen Fox

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Ustilago Tritici

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Two grasses as common hosts for all species of Ustilago parasitic on wheat, barley, and oats

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b78-324 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (21) ◽

pp. 2712-2716 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

East Asia ◽

Far East ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Head Smut ◽

Southern South America ◽

Ustilago Tritici

The grass Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens is native to Far East Asia, and Hordeum compressum is native to southern South America. They were found to be susceptible to all the races that they were tested to of the following: loose smut of wheat (Ustilago tritici): loose, covered, and false loose smut of barley (U. nuda, U. hordei, and U. nigra); loose and covered smut of oats (U. avenae and U. kolleri); and head smut of grasses (U. bullata). The two grasses are the first known common hosts for these smuts and will be used to study the relationships between these pathogens.

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Harmil winter wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-079 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 543-546

Author(s):

D. R. Sampson ◽

R. G. Fulcher ◽

W. L. Seaman ◽

J. Fregeau-Reid

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Key Words ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

High Yield ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Ustilago Tritici ◽

Flour Protein ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Harmil is a new soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar well adapted to southwestern Ontario. It has high yield, medium height, strong straw, low grain and flour protein, and low 1000-grain weight. It is moderately susceptible to leaf and head diseases, but it is the only cultivar available for the area that is resistant to the two prevalent races of loose smut (Ustilago tritici). Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat (winter), soft white, cultivar description

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PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT (USTILAGO TRITICI) IN BRAZIL

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps77-154 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1033-1039 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MILTON C. MEDEIROS ◽

J. NIELSEN

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Formae Speciales ◽

Ustilago Tritici ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Differential Cultivar ◽

Standard Set ◽

Physiologic Races

The occurrence in Brazil of physiologic races of loose smut, Ustilago tritici, (Pers.) Rostr., has been demonstrated. Twelve races were identified amongst 50 field collections of loose smut. Five of the races were classified as being similar to Canadian race T 2, and two races as T 8 when the standard set of differential cultivars was used. However, further differentiation of these races was possible on three supplemental differentials. Another four races were virulent on several differential cultivars of common wheat and on Pentad, a differential cultivar of durum wheat, and thus appear to invalidate the claim that formae speciales of Ustilago tritici exist on common wheat and on durum wheat.

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The qPCR and loop mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Ustilago tritici

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27751v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hanwen Yan ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Dongfang Ma ◽

Junliang Yin

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Pathogen Detection ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Lamp Assay ◽

Alternaria Solani ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Isothermal Amplification ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽

Ustilago Tritici

Wheat loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici a seed-borne disease, is difficult to control due to the expansion of wheat planting area and difficulty of pathogen detection. In this study, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays were used to rapidly amplify the DNA of U. tritici. Five pairs primers for qPCR and two series primers for LAMP were designed. Firstly, the specify of primers were carried out by using the DNAs of U. tritici, Fusarium graminearum, Blumeria graminis, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Puccinia striiformis, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Alternaria solani as templates. Then the amplification systems are optimized. Finally, the sensitivity of qPCR and LAMP assays were quantified. The results show that using the primers pairs Y430F/R, Y307F/R, Y755F/R and Y139F/R for qPCR, primers L-139 and L-988 for LAMP assay could be used for U. tritici detection. In the sensitivity test, the detection limit of qPCR assay is 10 pg μL-1 of genomic DNA, the detection limit of LAMP assay is 100 fg μL -1 . We successfully performed qPCR and LAMP assays on two wheat loose smut wheat samples, and confirmed sequenced U. tritici infection by subsequently sequencing. This paper established two methods for U. tritici detection, which could be used for wheat loose smut diagnose in lab and field.

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Plant Extracts Inducing Enzyme Activity in Grains Against Loose Smut Disease

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.2478/sab-2021-0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

B. Karsou ◽

R. Samara

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Loose Smut ◽

Chemical Induction ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

Ustilago Tritici ◽

Ustilago Nuda

Abstract This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and barley resistance systems against loose smut disease with the aim to alternate the chemical pest control with natural fungicides. Twenty indigenous herbal plant extracts and essential oils were assessed for their biological and antifungal properties against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Their potential role in inducing resistance pathways was studied on four different cultivars of wheat and barley. Two common enzyme indicators – guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) – are expressed in plants only after physical or chemical induction. The antifungal activity of the plant extracts was investigated in vitro. Totally 70 % of the plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Coridothyme extracts ranked first (61 %) in the fungal growth inhibition, followed by varthemia, salvia, ambrosia, artemisia, and lemon thyme. Some plant extracts significantly increased the POX and PPO effect compared to control for all the wheat and barley cultivars tested. The study revealed that oregano, clove or lavender and pomegranate, common yarrow or chamomile oil effectively induced the resistance indicator enzymes in wheat and barley.

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