scholarly journals EVALUATION OF VARIOUS LINES OF WHEAT AND EPIDEMIOLOGY AGAINST LOOSE SMUT (USTILAGO TRITICI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Ateeq ur Rehman ◽  
Syed A.H Naqvi ◽  
Ummad U.D. Umar ◽  
Rasheed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Susceptible Response

Fungal diseases pose a potential threat to successful cereal production in wheat particularly in Pakistan. Loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici is an important disease of wheat. During the current research various lines of wheat were screened against the deadly disease, results showed no line was resistant against the disease in the wheat genetic resources, mostly varieties showed susceptible to highly susceptible response. All the environmental variables were found conducive for the development of the disease. The disease is a serious concern for wheat production and potential breeding programs are the need of time to cater the losses due to this disease. 

Matoa (Pometia Pinata Foster): Local Fruit Papua and Strategy Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius D. Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Program Strategy

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="Style2" style="text-indent: 0cm;">Matoa (<em>Pometia pinnata</em>) is a local fruit of<span>&nbsp; </span>Papua (formerly called Irian Jaya) which has high potensial to develop as comercial fruit. Highly significant genetic resources of matoa potentially for breeding program in Papua are being threatened as a result of cutting down trees for fruit harvesting and of forest exploitation for timber. Besides the loss of genetic resources facing now, other major problems should be consider for conservation and domestication of this fruit tree species i.e. lack of silviculture and agronomy knowledge for further breeding programs; matoa production only for local market; and inadequate government policy for matoa breeding program. Strategy developed for matoa conservation and domestication should also concern about time limited due to the fast loss of genetic poll. This paper provides a general overview of strategy for conservation and domestication of <em>Pometia pinnata</em> with special reference to Papua.</p>

Infection of Wheat by Loose Smut, Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 175 (4454) ◽  
pp. 467-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. V. BATTS
Keyword(s):  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici

scholarly journals Maize gene bank collections as potentially valuable breeding material

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vancetovic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Milosav Babic ◽  
Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic ◽  
Violeta Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Maize Gene

Characterization and evaluation of the genetic resources provide breeders with valuable information on an effective utilization of the genetic resources in breeding programs. In this paper we present the results of different research programs aimed at identification of superior genotypes among MRI gene bank accessions, regarding stress tolerance (drought and herbicides), better nutritional quality (phosphorus) and specific traits (cytoplasmic male sterility - CMS). Fifty-two genotypes were identified as a potential source for drought tolerance. Considering herbicide tolerance only genotypes with resistance to the Pivot were found. Within 100 sources of CMS in the collection S cytoplasm was identified as the predominant type. Phytate analysis of 60 maize populations identified three groups of populations - with low (8), intermediate (25) and high (27) phytate content. The results of these researches, which are a part of pre-breeding activities, will be included in MRI breeding programs, with the aim of developing new genotypes with improved traits important in commercial maize breeding and seed production.

scholarly journals Development, progress and future prospects in cryobiotechnology of Lilium spp.

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Wei Li ◽  
Xiao-Chen Zhang ◽  
Min-Rui Wang ◽  
Wen-Lu Bi ◽  
M. Faisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Made In

Abstract Lilium is one of the most popular flower crops worldwide, and some species are also used as vegetables and medicines. The availability of and easy access to diverse Lilium genetic resources are essential for plant genetic improvements. Cryopreservation is currently considered as an ideal means for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm. Over the last two decades, great efforts have been exerted in studies of Lilium cryopreservation and progress has been made in the successful cryopreservation of pollen, seeds and shoot tips in Lilium. Genes that exist in Lilium, including those that regulate flower shape, color and size, and that are resistant to cold stress and diseases caused by fungi and viruses, provide a rich source of valuable genetic resources for breeding programs to create novel cultivars required by the global floriculture and ornamental markets. Successful cryopreservation of Lilium spp. is a way to preserve these valuable genes. The present study provides updated and comprehensive information about the development of techniques that have advanced Lilium cryopreservation. Further ideas are proposed to better direct future studies on Lilium cryobiotechnology.

scholarly journals Races of Phytophthora sojae and Their Virulences on Soybean Cultivars in Heilongjiang, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Junjiang Wu ◽  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Jinxiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Rps Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Disease

Phytophthora root and stem rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is an economically important disease of soybean (Glycine max) in Heilongjiang Province, China. The objectives of this research were to determine the race profile of P. sojae in Heilongjiang and evaluate soybean cultivars for reactions to the pathogen races. A total of 96 single-zoospore P. sojae isolates were obtained from soil samples collected from 35 soybean fields in 18 counties in Heilongjiang from 2005 to 2007. Eight races of P. sojae, including races 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 13, 44, and 54, were identified on a set of eight differentials, each containing a single resistance Rps gene, from 80 of the 96 isolates. Races 1 and 3 were predominant races, comprising 58 and 14 isolates, and representing 60 and 7% of the pathogen population, respectively. Races 4, 5, 44, and 54 were identified for the first time in Heilongjiang, and each was represented by two to three isolates only. Sixty-two soybean cultivars commonly grown in Heilongjiang Province were evaluated for their resistance to the eight P. sojae races identified using the hypocotyl inoculation technique. Based on the percentage of plant mortality rated 5 days after inoculation, 44 cultivars were resistant (<30% mortality) to at least one race. These cultivars may be used as sources of resistance in soybean breeding programs.

WYSTĘPOWANIE OSUTKI WIOSENNEJ SOSNY W WYBRANYCH NADLEŚNICTWACH RDLP W SZCZECINIE W LATACH 2008-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol XII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Maciej Hałuszczak
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Spring Rape ◽  
Multifaceted Analysis

The aim of this work was to show the scale of occurrence of the Scots pine assimilation apparatus disease, spring rape, in the area of RDLP in Szczecin and submission of the collected results for the years 2008-2016 to a multifaceted analysis. The spring peat of pine is an important disease of crops and young trees in the Międzychód Forest District. The potential threat is registered in the Bogdaniec, Gryfice and Międzyrzecz Forest Districts. The Forest Districts of Choszczno, Głusko, Karwin, Myślibórz and Różańsko did not find any damages to the rash of spring pine in the period indicated. Analyzing the data provided, it is possible to describe the characteristics of the damaged areas within the RDSF Forest Districts in Szczecin: Scots pine aged 4.61 years on an area of 1.58 ha in 1.71 damage.

SELECTION FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF APPLE GENOTYPES ORIGINATING FROM EUROPEAN GENETIC RESOURCES AND BREEDING PROGRAMS

2011 ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sobiczewski ◽  
A. Mikiciński ◽  
M. Lewandowski ◽  
E. Zurawicz ◽  
A. Peil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection For

Review of global rabbit genetic resources: special emphasis on breeding programs and practices in the lesser developed countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Lukefahr
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Resources Conservation

SummaryPresently, there is little organization or cooperation among countries with rabbit breeding programs with the common aim of maintaining genetic diversity, with the exception of Europe and the Mediterranean region. Particularly in the lesser developed countries (LDC's), there is limited evidence that maintaining genetic diversity in rabbit populations is even a national priority. Based on consultancies and project experiences in over fifteen LDC's, and limited reports from the literature, evaluations of breeding programs at national rabbit breeding centers have generally been less than encouraging with regard to the management of genetic resources: utilization and conservation. The purpose of this position paper is to review rabbit genetic resources management practices and trends in rabbit breeding program development which pertain to genetic resources utilization and conservation issues, and with special emphasis on the LDC's. Several measures are discussed that could enhance breeding program integrity, greater benefit limited-resource farmers, and also foster international and regional participation in rabbit genetic resources conservation programs.

scholarly journals Combining genetic resources and elite material populations to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction in apple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabi Cazenave ◽  
Bernard Petit ◽  
Marc Lateur ◽  
Hilde Nybom ◽  
Jiri Sedlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Training Set ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Cycles ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Genomic selection is an attractive strategy for apple breeding that could reduce the length of breeding cycles. A possible limitation to the practical implementation of this approach lies in the creation of a training set large and diverse enough to ensure accurate predictions. In this study, we investigated the potential of combining two available populations, i.e. genetic resources and elite material, in order to obtain a large training set with a high genetic diversity. We compared the predictive ability of genomic predictions within-population, across-population or when combining both populations, and tested a model accounting for population-specific marker effects in this last case. The obtained predictive abilities were moderate to high according to the studied trait and small increases in predictive ability could be obtained for some traits when the two populations were combined into a unique training set. We also investigated the potential of such a training set to predict hybrids resulting from crosses between the two populations, with a focus on the method to design the training set and the best proportion of each population to optimize predictions. The measured predictive abilities were very similar for all the proportions, except for the extreme cases where only one of the two populations was used in the training set, in which case predictive abilities could be lower than when using both populations. Using an optimization algorithm to choose the genotypes in the training set also led to higher predictive abilities than when the genotypes were chosen at random. Our results provide guidelines to initiate breeding programs that use genomic selection when the implementation of the training set is a limitation.

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