scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship between Retinal Nerve Fibres Layer (RNFL) Thickness in Myopia versus Hypermetropia

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658
Author(s):  
NEGM ELDIN H. ABD ALLAH, M.D.; LAMIA S. ELEWA, M.D. ◽  
HAZEM M.O. MOHAMED RASHED, M.D. ALSHIMAA A.S. ELSROUGY, M.Sc.
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Detection of Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript in the abomasum of slaughtered bulls with different daily body weight gains

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Izabela Janiuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stomach Emptying

Despite numerous published studies, the relationship between the amount of secreted cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript and the daily body weight gain has still not been well explained. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript in the outlet wall of the abomasum of bulls with different daily weight gains. The study was performed on 15 bulls, breed crosses of local black and white milk cattle and Limousin bulls. The animals were slaughtered at the mean age of 543–549 days and body weight of 441.0–491.4 kg. Fragments of the outlet wall of the abomasum were sampled for analyses during routine slaughter. Immunohistochemical assays showed that slowly growing bulls (803 g/day) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fewer positive structures of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (by 1.65 × on average) compared to bulls with large daily weight gains (905 g/day). This tendency was also observed in the case of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript distribution in particular layers of the abomasum wall. The most numerous positive structures of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript were found in the nerve fibres of the muscularis and in the muscle plexus, whereas they were evidently less numerous in the submucous plexus. Our results suggest that the number of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript immunopositive structures is associated with the growth intensity of the animals, and frequent occurrence of this neuropeptide in the nerve fibres and the muscular plexus proves its role in the control of stomach emptying.

scholarly journals The Impact of Migraine on Posterior Ocular Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Demircan ◽  
Mustafa Ataş ◽  
Sevgi Arık Yüksel ◽  
Melek D. Ulusoy ◽  
İsa Yuvacı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ischemic Insult ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To investigate the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroid in patients who have migraines in comparison to healthy controls.Methods. This study included 76 eyes and patients in the migraine group, 36 with aura (MWA group) and 40 without (MWoA group), and 38 eyes as control subjects. The RNFL and macular thicknesses were analysed with standard OCT protocol while choroidal thickness was analysed with EDI protocol in all subjects. Choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea, 1500 µm nasal and 1500 µm temporal to the fovea in a horizontal section.Results. The mean RNFL thickness for nasal and nasal inferior sectors was significantly thinner (P≤0.018) in the migraineurs’ eyes than in those of the controls, as was the mean choroid thickness at the fovea and measured points (P<0.0001). However, the mean macular thickness was not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions. This study suggests that migraine leads to a reduction in the peripapillary RNFL thickness and to thinning in choroidal structures. These findings can be explained by a chronic ischemic insult related to migraine pathogenic mechanisms and these findings are considered supportive of the relationship between glaucoma and migraine.

scholarly journals Melanin-concentrating hormone reduces somatolactin release from cultured goldfish pituitary cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mio Tanaka ◽  
Morio Azuma ◽  
Yumika Nejigaki ◽  
Yumiko Saito ◽  
Kanta Mizusawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels ◽  
Kinase A

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-containing neurons directly innervate the adenohypophysis in the teleost pituitary. We examined immunohistochemically the relationship between MCH-containing nerve fibres or endings and somatolactin (SL)-producing cells in the goldfish pituitary. Nerve fibres or endings with MCH-like immunoreactivity were identified in the neurohypophysis in close proximity to the adenohypophysial cells showing SL-like immunoreactivity. We also examined the effect of MCH on SL release from cultured goldfish pituitary cells and SL synthesis using a cell immunoblot and a real-time PCR method. Treatment of individually dispersed pituitary cells with MCH 10−7 M for 3 h decreased the area of SL-like immunoreactivity on immunoblots, and MCH-induced reductions in SL release were blocked by treatment with the mammalian MCH receptor (MCHR) antagonist, compound-30, at a concentration of 10−5 M. Treatment with 10−7 M MCH for 3 h did not affect sl-α and -β (smtla and -b as given in the Zfin Database) mRNA expression levels. These led us to explore the signal transduction mechanism leading to the inhibition of SL release, for which we examined whether MCH-induced reductions in SL release are mediated by the Gi or Gq protein-coupled signalling pathway. The MCH-induced reductions in SL release were abolished by treatment with the Gi/o protein inhibitors, NF023 (10−5 M) or pertussis toxin (260 ng/ml), but not by the phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122 (3×10−6 M). These results indicate that MCH can potentially function as a hypothalamic factor suppressing SL release via the MCHR, and subsequently through the Gi protein to inhibit the adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A-signalling pathway in goldfish pituitary cells.

scholarly journals Relationship between Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Standard Automated Perimetry in Healthy and Glaucoma Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Abadia ◽  
Antonio Ferreras ◽  
Pilar Calvo ◽  
Mirian Ara ◽  
Blanca Ferrandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Standard Automated Perimetry ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Cirrus Oct ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Glaucoma Group

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in healthy and glaucoma individuals.Methods. The sample comprised 338 individuals divided into 2 groups according to intraocular pressure and visual field outcomes. All participants underwent a reliable SAP and imaging of the optic nerve head with the Cirrus OCT. Pearson correlations were calculated between threshold sensitivity values of SAP (converted to linear scale) and OCT parameters.Results. Mean age did not differ between the control and glaucoma groups (59.55 ± 9.7 years and 61.05 ± 9.4 years, resp.;P=0.15). Significant differences were found for the threshold sensitivities at each of the 52 points evaluated with SAP (P<0.001) and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses, except at 3 and 9 clock-hour positions between both groups. Mild to moderate correlations (ranging between 0.286 and 0.593;P<0.001) were observed between SAP and most OCT parameters in the glaucoma group. The strongest correlations were found between the inferior RNFL thickness and the superior hemifield points. The healthy group showed lower and weaker correlations than the glaucoma group.Conclusions. Peripapillary RNFL thickness measured with Cirrus OCT showed mild to moderate correlations with SAP in glaucoma patients.

Proprioception in Limulus

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-667
Author(s):  
J. W. S. PRINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
The Relationship

1. Tonic and phasic discharges of impulses may be recorded in the small leg nerve of Limulus from endings sensitive to the position and movement of the femorotibial and other joints. 2. The nerve fibres originate from the large sensory cells described by Stuart (1953). Of those at the femoro-tibial joint, one group of cells lies under the hinge and the endings react tonically to the strains present in the cuticle; some are excited by flexion and some by extension. The other group of cells, lying more internally, have endings in the connective tissue and react phasically only during joint movement. 3. The relationship is discussed between these endings and the lyriform organs of Arachnids and the campaniform sensilla of insects.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis between Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Peripapillary Vessel Density and Influencing Factors of Peripapillary Vessel Density in Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Donghui Li ◽  
Qichang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To observe the changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the optic disc vessel density (VD) in preclinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the relationship between RNFL changes and VD, as well as to investigate the influencing factors on peripapillary vessel density. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. Thirty-four eyes of 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients diagnosed with preclinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) were included in our study, with twenty-three eyes of 23 healthy subjects set up as normal controls. History of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was recorded in detail. All participants underwent color fundus photography (CFP), RNFL around the optic disc, and OCT angiography (OCTA) over the optic disc. The 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm Angio Disc scan mode was performed with all participants by using the OCTA instrument. The relationship between changes of RNFL in the four quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal) and VD changes was analyzed. Results. Vessel density was significantly lower in the superior (t = −2.27) and temporal (t = −2.02) peripapillary sectors of diabetic eyes compared to normal eyes ( P < 0.05 ). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was significantly thinner in the temporal quadrant ( P < 0.001 ) of diabetic eyes compared to normal eyes. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant positive correlation between vessel density and RNFL thickness in the peripapillary region in the temporal (r = 0.468, P < 0.01 ) and superior (r = 0.612, P < 0.01 ) sectors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (β = −1.50, P < 0.01 ) and the duration of diabetes (β = −0.33, P = 0.03 ) were associated with peripapillary vessel density. Conclusions. Preclinical DR presented optic disc microcirculation changes. Temporal RNFL thinning is an early sign of retinal neurodegeneration and is associated with temporal peripapillary vessel density reduction. The duration of diabetes and HbA1c are risk factors for peripapillary vessel density reduction in patients with preclinical DR.

scholarly journals On the distribution of chlorides in nerve cells and fibres

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (516) ◽  
pp. 165-193 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Rational Explanation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current ◽  
Electrolytic Effect

The question of the composition of nerve fibres, and especially of the axon itself, is one which must be solved before a rational explanation of the properties of nerve tissue can be given. The solution of the problem in its ultimate details is possible only when we have at our command reagents and methods which will greatly exceed in sensitiveness those which are accessible to us at present, for such as have been used hitherto comprehend only those of ordinary chemical analysis, and they have not thrown any light on the subject, while those of micro-chemistry, which have been employed up to the present, involve staining with dyes such as one employs in histological technique and treatment with nitrate of silver and osmic acid. The last-named reagent is of service in demonstrating the fat of the medullary sheath, and the nitrate of silver has been employed to show the nodes of Ranvier and the striation known as Frommann’s lines, a result which, as will be shown, depends on a micro-chemical reaction, but the dyes hitherto used have revealed little except structure. There are, indeed, the Weigert hæmatoxylin and the Golgi reactions, but the constituents of the sheath and axon responsible for both are unknown. Though these and other histological methods much has been ascertained regarding the structure of nerve fibres and cells, but so far little has been determined which will serve to explain such properties as irritability and conductivity and the nature of the nerve impulse itself. The result of investigations on the electrical properties of nerve fibres, however, show that the relationship between the electrolytic action of a current on the nerve and its exciting efficiency is a very intimate, practically an indissoluble, one, and in view of this one asks on what constituent the electrolytic effect is exerted.

scholarly journals Relationship among Photopic Negative Response, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, and Visual Field between Normal and POAG Eyes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Shen ◽  
Lina Huang ◽  
Ning Fan ◽  
Jing He
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Photopic Negative Response ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

Purpose. To determine the relationship among photopic negative response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram (ERG), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and the visual field in normal and glaucomatous patients. Methods. Thirty-eight normal volunteers and one hundred twenty-four patients with Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were enrolled in the study. The PhNRs were elicited by white stimuli on a white background and red stimuli on a blue background. The visual field parameters were measured using the standard automated perimetry (SAP). The spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness around the optic disc. Results. The PhNR amplitude (W/W, B/R), MD, and mean RNFL thickness in POAG eyes were significantly lower than normal eyes (). The R value in Normal + Glaucomatous group was higher than that of the only glaucomatous group. The R values of PhNR amplitude (B/R) with MD and RNFL were higher than those of PhNR amplitude (W/W). Significant linear association was found in the relationship between RNFL thickness and PhNR amplitude (B/R) (, ). However, significant curve associations were found in the relationship between MD and PhNR amplitude (B/R) and RNFL thickness (, 0.442, ). Conclusions. The ganglion cell activity can be more efficiently evaluated with the PhNR elicited with a red than with a broadband stimulus. The linear relationship between the PhNR amplitude and RNFL thickness indicates that inner retinal function declines proportionately with neural loss in glaucomatous eyes. The PhNR and RNFLT are more objective tools to detect glaucomatous damage than visual field.

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