scholarly journals On the distribution of chlorides in nerve cells and fibres

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (516) ◽  
pp. 165-193 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Rational Explanation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current ◽  
Electrolytic Effect

The question of the composition of nerve fibres, and especially of the axon itself, is one which must be solved before a rational explanation of the properties of nerve tissue can be given. The solution of the problem in its ultimate details is possible only when we have at our command reagents and methods which will greatly exceed in sensitiveness those which are accessible to us at present, for such as have been used hitherto comprehend only those of ordinary chemical analysis, and they have not thrown any light on the subject, while those of micro-chemistry, which have been employed up to the present, involve staining with dyes such as one employs in histological technique and treatment with nitrate of silver and osmic acid. The last-named reagent is of service in demonstrating the fat of the medullary sheath, and the nitrate of silver has been employed to show the nodes of Ranvier and the striation known as Frommann’s lines, a result which, as will be shown, depends on a micro-chemical reaction, but the dyes hitherto used have revealed little except structure. There are, indeed, the Weigert hæmatoxylin and the Golgi reactions, but the constituents of the sheath and axon responsible for both are unknown. Though these and other histological methods much has been ascertained regarding the structure of nerve fibres and cells, but so far little has been determined which will serve to explain such properties as irritability and conductivity and the nature of the nerve impulse itself. The result of investigations on the electrical properties of nerve fibres, however, show that the relationship between the electrolytic action of a current on the nerve and its exciting efficiency is a very intimate, practically an indissoluble, one, and in view of this one asks on what constituent the electrolytic effect is exerted.

scholarly journals A ARTE COMO MEIO DE HUMANIZAÇÃO E DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO DE SUJEITOS CONSCIENTES DE SUA PRÓPRIA REALIDADE

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Jullie Selau Koppe ◽  
Joel Cezar Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Art Teachers ◽  
School Management ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historia De Vida ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education Transformation ◽  
A Current

Este artigo pretende trazer uma reflexão no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da Arte bem como sua importância na Educação e na necessidade de um olhar humanizado no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que tragam acesso aos sujeitos se fazerem presentes e participantes de uma Gestão escolar no qual estão inseridos, capazes de tornarem-se conscientes e transformadores e pertencentes desse meio. Faz uso da metodologia pesquisa-ação, uma vez que pretende-se que os sujeitos envolvam-se de modo participativo e cooperativo, numa pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa onde considera-se a relação entre o mundo e o sujeito, necessitando ser descritiva, pois pretende-se analisar os dados indutivamente. Ao abordar o tema, percebemos que é necessário abrir um campo de reflexão sobre a importância da Arte, isto significa que é preciso torná-la acessível a todos os sujeitos. Ao mesmo tempo, a Arte se mostra um caminho possível de modificação e transformação da própria história de vida das pessoas como mecanismo de superação e transformação da própria realidade. Diante disso cabe aos professores de Arte, bem como profissionais que administram e que fazem parte de uma Gestão Escolar atual,  proporcionar o acesso à transformação pessoal e coletiva, pois assim o processo de humanização é recíproco e o trabalho das Artes extrapola o mero ensino/aprendizagem e se torna um meio de mudança e melhoramento de toda vida social, escolar e pessoal, pois crê-se que real mudança acontece na medida em que todos os envolvidos no processo educacional se tornam sujeitos responsáveis e conscientes de transformação do seu meio. Palavras-chave: Arte. Pertencimento. Educação. Transformação.   ABSTRACT: This article intends to bring a reflection with regard to the development of Art as well as its importance in Education and the need for a humanized look in the development of public policies that bring access to the subjects to be present and participants in a School Management in which they are inserted, capable of becoming aware and transforming and belonging to this environment.  The article makes use of the action research methodology since it is intended that the subjects are involved in a participatory and cooperative way, in qualitative research where the relationship between the world and the subject is considered, needing to be descriptive, as it intends to analyze the data inductively.  When approaching the theme, we realize that it is necessary to open a field of reflection on the importance of Art, this means that it is necessary to make it accessible to all subjects.  At the same time, Art shows itself as a possible way of modifying and transforming people's own life history as a mechanism for overcoming and transforming their own reality.  With that, it is up to Art teachers, as well as professionals who administer and who are part of a current School Management, to provide access to personal and collective transformation, as this way the humanization process is reciprocal and the work of the Arts goes beyond mere teaching/learning and becomes a means of change and improvement of all social, school and personal life, as it is believed that real change happens to the extent that everyone involved in the educational process becomes responsible and aware of the transformation of their environment. Keywords: Art. Belonging. Education. Transformation.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

HUBUNGAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP ASPEK PENGETAHUAN SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SISTEM KOMPUTER DI SMK IT RAHMATAN KARIMAH BENGKULU TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Dian Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to find out the relationship between learning style and students’ knowledge aspect on Computer System Subject at SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu, the type of research is quantitative and the subject of research is grade X in SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu. Data collection techniques using observation, Questionnaire and documentation. Data analysis techniques used were Descriptive Analysis, and inferential Statistical Analysis. The results of visual learning style post-test were 11 people with a mean of 76.36, an auditory learning style of 8 people at a mean of 62.14, a kinesthetic learning style of 3 people at a mean of 50.33, apart from that (r x y = 2.35) and the magnitude of r is reflected in the table (r table = 0.4132). Then rxy > r table ie = 2.35> 0.4132. In other words, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It has a significant relationship between the learning styles of students and students’ knowledge aspect on Computer System Subject of grade X TKJ in SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu

Disease and Civilization: A Scottish Atlantic Network of Physicians in the Enlightenment

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
Sarah Irving-Stonebraker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Historical Progress ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Benjamin Rush ◽  
American Physician ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current

Through an examination of the extensive papers, manuscripts and correspondence of American physician Benjamin Rush and his friends, this article argues that it is possible to map a network of Scottish-trained physicians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Atlantic world. These physicians, whose members included Benjamin Rush, John Redman, John Morgan, Adam Kuhn, and others, not only brought the Edinburgh model for medical pedagogy across the Atlantic, but also disseminated Scottish stadial theories of development, which they applied to their study of the natural history and medical practices of Native Americans and slaves. In doing so, these physicians developed theories about the relationship between civilization, historical progress and the practice of medicine. Exploring this network deepens our understanding of the transnational intellectual geography of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century British World. This article develops, in relation to Scotland, a current strand of scholarship that maps the colonial and global contexts of Enlightenment thought.

The Miracles and Cult of St Margaret of Scotland

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
SangDong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Queen Margaret (1070–93) has been the subject of much historical research. Previous studies of the queen and later saint have been undertaken from several different perspectives, including the biographical, institutional and hagiographical. In addition, some scholars have focused on her piety and later cult. Although a saint's miracles were one of the significant elements affecting the development of a cult, far less interest has been shown in the geopolitical importance of the miracles attributed to St Margaret and the relationship between the miracles and the saint's cult. The intention of this paper is to examine the miracles attributed to St Margaret and to identify their characteristics within the context of their contribution to, and influence in, the development of her cult.

The Priority of Democracy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Knight ◽  
James Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Institutional Choice ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Pragmatism and its consequences are central issues in American politics today, yet scholars rarely examine in detail the relationship between pragmatism and politics. This book systematically explores the subject and makes a strong case for adopting a pragmatist approach to democratic politics—and for giving priority to democracy in the process of selecting and reforming political institutions. What is the primary value of democracy? When should we make decisions democratically and when should we rely on markets? And when should we accept the decisions of unelected officials, such as judges or bureaucrats? This book explores how a commitment to pragmatism should affect our answers to such important questions. It concludes that democracy is a good way of determining how these kinds of decisions should be made—even if what the democratic process determines is that not all decisions should be made democratically. So, for example, the democratically elected U.S. Congress may legitimately remove monetary policy from democratic decision-making by putting it under the control of the Federal Reserve. This book argues that pragmatism offers an original and compelling justification of democracy in terms of the unique contributions democratic institutions can make to processes of institutional choice. This focus highlights the important role that democracy plays, not in achieving consensus or commonality, but rather in addressing conflicts. Indeed, the book suggest that democratic politics is perhaps best seen less as a way of reaching consensus or agreement than as a way of structuring the terms of persistent disagreement.

Zur Pragmatik und Grammatik der Wissenschaftskommunikation. Ein Modellierungsvorschlag

Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
Mathilde Hennig ◽  
Dániel Czicza
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communication In Science

The article aims to examine grammatical features and pragmatic concerns of communicating in the sciences. In the research of certain languages, it became common to explaingrammatical features such as the usage of passive voice and nominal structures by communication requirements such as objectivity and precision. With the assumption that communication in science is designed to help gain and spread new insight, the authors tried to integrate several approaches to pragmatic and grammatical features of communication. By discussing the relationship between the grammar of certain languages and of the corresponding common language, the article also places the subject of communication in the sciences in the discipline of language variation.

Learning Language Levels in Students Accurate with a History Academic Achievement History

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Noorlela Binti Noordin ◽  
Abdul Razaq Ahmad ◽  
Anuar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Language Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship

This study was aimed to evaluate the Malay proficiency among students in Form Two especially non-Malay students and its relationship to academic achievement History. To achieve the purpose of the study there are two objectives, the first is to look at the difference between mean of Malay Language test influences min of academic achievement of History subject among non-Malay students in Form Two and the second is the relationship between the level of Malay proficiency and their academic achievement for History. This study used quantitative methods, which involved 100 people of Form Two non-Malay students in one of the schools in Klang, Selangor. This study used quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical inference with IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. This study found that there was a relationship between the proficiency of Malay language among non-Malay students with achievements in the subject of History. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.

Educación y valores

2014 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sabino de Juan López
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Problem Of The Criterion

RESUMEN En el artículo se ofrece una reflexión en torno a la educación y valores. Tras una referencia a los diferentes sentidos en que se puede plantear el problema en función de la forma como se puede entender la relación entre los dos sustantivos “educación” y “valores”, la reflexión se centra en algunos problemas relacionados con los valores en cuanto contenidos de la educación. Primeramente se refiere al problema del criterio en función del cual determinar los valores de la educación, concluyendo en que el criterio no podía ser ni de carácter a priori, ni empírico, sino “sintético”. A continuación, se afronta el problema del principio, de la fuente de los valores, o la concreción del criterio de los valores de la educación, entendiendo que éstos deberían ser determinados a partir del sujeto de la educación. Se concluye con la referencia a una exigencia de los valores de la educación, la configuración de una totalidad unitaria e interactiva. Palabras clave: educación, valores, fuente de valores, integración, cultura EDUCATION AND VALUES ABSTRACT The article offers a reflection on education and values. After a reference to the different senses in which one can pose the problem in terms of how you can understand the relationship between the two nouns “education” and “values”, reflection focuses on some problems related to the values in the contents of education. First, it concerns the problem of the criterion against which to determine the values of education, concluding that the criterion could be neither a priori in nature, not empirical, but “synthetic”. Herein, the problem of principle is faced, the source of values, or the realization of the criterion of the values of education, understanding that these should be determined from the subject of education. It concludes with the reference of a requirement of the values in education, setting up a unitary and interactive whole. Key Words: education, values , power values , integration, culture

Humanitaryzm i wychowanie – perspektywa posthumanistyczna

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Obrycka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Activities ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Ethical Education ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Post Humanism

The issue stated in the title is an attempt to understand the profound changes that have taken place in the culture of ethical education related to the relationship between humans and nature. The subject of analysis is linked to the need to promote interpersonal and interspecies humanitarianism. The author refers here to the educational activities aimed at shaping attitudes of respect for all living beings. The theoretical plane covers the ideas developed within the framework of the trend known as post-humanism. In this paper, the stance is that upbringing in humanitarianism is a great capacity that must be developed in children and adults. This is an ethical capacity for a community-oriented and respectful coexistence.

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