scholarly journals The effect of synthetic essential amino acids supplementation to low crude protein diets on growth performance and serum metabolites in broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elshafey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

High protein wheats for poultry. 1. Use in broiler diets

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Turner ◽  
GG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factor ◽  
Protein Diets

High protein wheat was the sole cereal in 20 and 25 per cent crude protein broiler starter diets. On the. 25 per cent protein diet, performance was maximized without amino acid supplementation. Using high protein wheat in 20 per cent protein diets, growth rate was improved by l-lysine supplementation of 0.3 per cent. However, this growth rate was not at a maximum level. Some other dietary factor was necessary, and this did not appear to be essential amino acids, singly or in combination.

FEATHER GROWTH AND FEATHER COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKENS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY-LOU FISHER ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
W. D. MORRISON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Methionine Content

Feather-sexed broiler chicks were reared in litter floor pens in a controlled environment building and offered mash diets meeting National Academy of Science-National Research Council specifications. Ten birds of each sex were killed at weekly intervals and individual feather weight recorded. These feathers were analyzed for crude protein and essential amino acids. From within five replicate pens of each sex, litter was removed weekly from 28 to 49 days, and molted feathers removed, cleaned and weighed. Feather weight was consistently correlated (P < 0.05) with body weight only from 5–7 wk of age. Females lost consistently more feathers than male birds, with this differential being a factor of 3.5. The methionine content of feathers decreased with age, while that of threonine, isoleucine and valine increased with age. The data are presented for use in model prediction of broiler amino acid requirements.

Phytocorrection of biochemical status and productivity when fattening barrows on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. G. Solovieva ◽  
K. T. Erimbetov ◽  
O. V. Obvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of the plant ecdysteroid-containing preparation of Leuzea extract on the metabolism and productivity of barrows (three-breed crossbreeds Landrace × large white × Duroc) during fattening on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids from 130 to 212 days old was studied for the first time. In the control and experimental groups, a low-protein barley-wheat diet with the addition of essential amino acids contained (g / kg) crude protein - 108 g, metabolic energy - 12.5 MJ, lysine - 7.6 g, threonine - 5.4 g, methionine - 5.2 g. In the experimental group, liquid extract of leuzea was introduced into the feed, at the rate of 190 mg / kg. Feeding the barrows during the fattening period of the leuzea extract contributed to an increase in the efficiency of the use of nutrients in biosynthetic processes in animals. In the barrows of the experimental group, the concentrations of total protein (P≤0.05), albumin (P≤0.05), creatinine (P≤0.05), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase activity at a lower level were statistically significantly higher urea (16.1%, P≤0.05) and glucose (P≤0.05). In the experimental group, during the period of fattening, the average daily gain in live weight was higher (by 10.2%, P≤0.05), the yield in the carcass of muscle tissue (P≤0.05), the indices of lean and meatiness, and lower the cost of feed (P≤ 0.05), crude protein (P≤0.05) and exchange energy (P≤0.05) per 1 kg of gain in live weight, output of subcutaneous adipose tissue and internal fat in comparison with the control. It was concluded that the use of a leuzea extract containing phytoecdysteroids, while feeding low-protein diets enriched with lysine, methionine and threonine, corrects metabolic processes, stimulating the biosynthesis of meat components, and thereby contributes to an increase in the productivity of barrows during fattening.

215 Effects of Reducing Crude Protein with Supplementation of Six Essential Amino Acids and Glutamate on Growth and Backfat of Finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Finishing Pigs

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of low CP diets on growth performance of finishing pigs. Seventy-two pigs (54 kg BW) were allotted to 3 treatments (8 pens/treatment) based on RCBD with sex and initial BW as blocks. Pigs were fed for 56 d until 120 kg BW based on 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 21/17/18 d, respectively). Treatments were CON (18.0, 13.8, 12.7% CP for P1/2/3; supplementing Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp); LCP (13.5, 11.4, 10.4% CP; supplementing Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, and Ile); and LCPG (14.1, 12.8, 11.1% CP; LCP + Glu to match % Glu with CON). All diets met NRC requirements and had 2.6 Mcal/kg NE. Growth performance and backfat thickness were measured by phase. At d 56, blood and fecal samples were collected to analyze blood parameters and fecal microbiota. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Overall, the growth performance and backfat thickness did not differ among treatments. BUN of LCPG was lower (P &lt; 0.05) than CON (4.03 to 6.05 mg/dL), whereas the insulin of LCPG was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than CON (222 to 116 pmol/dL). Relative abundance of Streptococcaceae in CON (6.1%) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than LCP (2.0%) and LCPG (2.3%), whereas the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae of CON (1.8) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than LCP (0.9%). Colectively, when Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, and Ile were provided sufficiently and NE was maintained, CP can be reduced by 2.6% without affecting growth performance and backfat thickness compared to conventional diets with Lys, Met, Trp, and Trp. Feeding low CP diets reduced harmful bacteria, and Glu supplementation further enhanced nitrogen utilization and glucose metabolism. Application of low CP formulation with supplementation of 6 essential amino acids to finishing pigs can be successful, when NE is matched and further beneficial with Glu supplementation.

Amino acid requirements of the growing meat rabbit 2. Comparative growth performance on practical diets of equal lysine concentration but decreasing levels of other amino acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Schultze ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
P. J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement

ABSTRACTOver a 40-day period nine rabbits were each given one of nine isocaloric diets with progressively reduced amounts of crude protein (159 to 97 g/kg) but a fixed level of lysine; the latter was slightly below the higher of the National Research Council (NRC, 1977) and Societe de Chime Organique et Biologique (AEC, 1978) recommendations. The proportion of each other essential amino acid in the diet of highest crude protein concentration was close to a balance derived from the higher of each independently determined amino acid requirement given by NRC (1977) and AEC (1978), while the proportions in the two diets of lowest crude protein level were below those in a theoretical amino acid balance based on rabbit whole-body tissue composition. When an intersecting linear regression line model was fitted to growth performance data over the period, performance was found to be similar on the first six diets (159 to 123 g crude protein per kg) but further reductions in dietary protein were accompanied by a decline in growth rate and concomitant increase in food conversion ratio. Fitting of an asymptotic model to the data showed that growth performance first declined markedly between diets four and five (130 to 120 g crude protein per kg). These findings suggest that if a balance of essential amino acids relative to lysine, based on current amino acid recommendations, is adhered to in diet formulation for the growing rabbit, several of these amino acids will be in excess of requirement

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