Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and some Dairy Products: Level, Effect of Manufature and Public Health Concerns

The purpose of this study was to detect the mold biota, the contamination levels of total aflatoxin (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in moldy civil cheese. A total of 100 moldy civil cheese were collected from randomly selected retailers. Mold biota was determined with conventional and ITS sequence analysis, and Aflatoxin (AF) analysis was performed usingEnzyme-Linled Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In the analyzed samples, Penicillium roqueforti (100%) was isolated as the dominant species followed by P. verrucosum (83%), Aspergillus flavus (17%). Fifteen (15 %) of moldy civil cheese samples contained AF with levels ranging from 12 to 378 ng/kg.Likewise, AFM1 was found in 25 (25 %) of samples (ranging from 5.46 to 141.56 ng/kg), among which 5 (5 %) were above the legal limits. Considering the presence of A. flavus, total AF and AFM1 contamination in the analyzed cheese samples it could be emphasized that moldy civil cheese might pose a hazard for public health.

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Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Traditional Yoghurts Produced in Guilan Province, Iran

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care ◽

10.18311/ajprhc/2016/663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Nikbakht ◽

Shima Lachiniyan ◽

Saeid Rahbar ◽

Farhad Oubari ◽

Zahra Rostami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Tolerance Limit ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

The European Union ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Maximum Tolerance ◽

Carcinogenic Compound ◽

Guilan Province ◽

Sensitive Method

Aflatoxin M1 is a major carcinogenic compound that may be existed in dairy products. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of AFM1 in traditional yoghurt samples in Guilan Province (Northern Iran). Ninety samples of traditional yoghurts were collected during summer and autumn 2014. Enzyme linked Immunosorbentassay (ELISA) which is a rapid and sensitive method was used to determine the presence and levels of AFM1. 100% of the yoghurt samples were contaminated with 5 and 83 ng/kg of AFM1. In general, AFM1 in 20 samples (22.22%) were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (50 ng/kg) accepted by the European Union. It was therefore concluded that, high occurrence of AFM1 in yoghurt is a serious risk for public health.

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Feature extraction and prediction of Dengue Outbreaks

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit206544 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 216-222

Author(s):

Kunal Parikh ◽

Tanvi Makadia ◽

Harshil Patel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Feature Extraction ◽

Predictive Analytics ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Machine Learning Algorithm ◽

Health Concerns ◽

The World ◽

Dengue Outbreaks

Dengue is unquestionably one of the biggest health concerns in India and for many other developing countries. Unfortunately, many people have lost their lives because of it. Every year, approximately 390 million dengue infections occur around the world among which 500,000 people are seriously infected and 25,000 people have died annually. Many factors could cause dengue such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, inadequate public health, and many others. In this paper, we are proposing a method to perform predictive analytics on dengue’s dataset using KNN: a machine-learning algorithm. This analysis would help in the prediction of future cases and we could save the lives of many.

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Estimation of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Some Dairy Products Manufactured from Raw Milk Experimentally Inoculated with Toxin

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v43i1.471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

H. S. Alnaemi

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Consumer Health ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

White Cheese ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Permissible Levels ◽

Goat's Milk

Fate of AflatoxinM1 in soft white cheese and its by-product (whey) and in yogurt locally made from raw sheep's and goat's milk experimentally inoculated with 0.05 and 0.5 µg/l AflatoxinM1 were investigated using ELISA technique. Results reported that AflatoxinM1 was concentrated in cheese at levels significantly higher than that recorded in the raw milk that used for its processing, with a significant decrease in AflatoxinM1 levels in its by-product (whey) comparable to the raw milk used in manufacturing at both inoculated levels. Yogurt produced from raw sheep's milk at second inoculated level exerted AflatoxinM1concentration significantly lower than that present in the milk. Significant differences in AflatoxinM1distribution in cheese and whey produced from sheep's milk comparable to their counterparts produced from goat's milk were recorded. Finally, results revealed the efficacious role of the various dairy manufacturing processes in AflatoxinM1 distribution and the necessity to issue of local legislations concerning the maximum permissible limits for AflatoxinM1 in milk in order to stay within the universal permissible levels for AflatoxinM1 in dairy products to provide greater protection for consumer health.

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Gendered Marketing of Food Supplements in Lifestyle Magazines in Greece

Current Nutraceuticals ◽

10.2174/2665978601666191204164206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 54-63

Author(s):

Effrosyni Kotsaga

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Print Media ◽

Women's Magazines ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Food Supplements ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Comparative Statistical Analysis ◽

Gendered Stereotypes

Background: Marketing of food supplements in Greece in print media has not been examined and this study is the first attempt to provide a comparative statistical analysis. Methods: Lifestyle magazines that were distributed all over Greece and aimed at women and men were collected in the years 2014 and 2016. Five criteria with their subcriteria were developed and were related to the branding of the food supplements; their quality characteristics; the information given about health concerns; photographs of people who promoted food supplements and to claims of their suitability. Results: It seems that in terms of product branding, women’s magazines were more likely to be targeted. Some quality characteristics such as information about the ingredients of food supplements or information about banned substances were more likely to be seen in women’s magazines in 2016. In 2014 and 2016, not all advertisements provided information about health concerns and among those which informed readers about health concerns, differentiation in target audiences was observed. Photographs that showed people promoting food supplements as well as claims of suitability for various categories of consumers, seem to be gendered in 2014 but this trend was not strong enough in 2016. Conclusion: It can be argued that the marketing of food supplements was aggressive and gendered in 2014 and changed in 2016 with better information on public health but had retained some gendered stereotypes.

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Biosecurity and Public Health Ethics Issues Raised by Biological Threats

The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190245191.013.67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 773-785

Author(s):

Nicholas Evans ◽

Thomas Inglesby

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Resource Allocation ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Biological Weapon ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Dual Use ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Trade Offs

This chapter introduces ethical issues that arise in the context of biosecurity: policies and actions intended to prevent the development or emergence, or mitigate the consequences, of serious biological threats. These threats could include deliberate biological weapon attacks (bioterrorism), pandemics, emerging infectious diseases, or major laboratory accidents. The basic values that underpin these public health concerns are first introduced. Ethical issues that arise before, during, and following a biosecurity crisis are then examined, including issues of resource allocation, dual-use research, and the possibility of quarantine. Their resolution requires trade-offs among different ethical values, including utility, fairness, and liberty.

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Development of a specific anti-idiotypic nanobody for monitoring aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products

Microchemical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.microc.2021.106326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 167 ◽

pp. 106326

Author(s):

Chong Cai ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Seyni Nidiaye ◽

Honglin Yan ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

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Public Health Preparedness of Post-Katrina and Rita Shelter Health Staff

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00007408 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 500-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daksha Brahmbhatt ◽

Jennifer L. Chan ◽

Edbert B. Hsu ◽

Hani Mowafi ◽

Thomas D. Kirsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Technical Support ◽

Health Staff ◽

Health Training ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Public Health Training ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Public Health Authorities ◽

Hurricanes Katrina And Rita

AbstractIntroduction:During 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the US Gulf Coast, displacing approximately two million people. With >250,000 evacuees in shelters, volunteers from the American Red Cross (ARC) and other nongovernmental and faith-based organizations provided services. The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, pre-deployment training, and recognition of scenarios with outbreak potential by shelter health staff.Methods:A rapid assessment using a 36-item questionnaire was conducted through in-person interviews with shelter health staff immediately following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Data were collected by sampling at shelters located throughout five ARC regions in Texas. The survey focused on: (1) public health capacity; (2) level of public health awareness among staff; (3) public health training prior to deployment; and (4) interest in technical support for public health concerns. In addition, health staff volunteers were asked to manage 11 clinical scenarios with possible public health implications.Results:Forty-three health staff at 24 shelters were interviewed. Nurses comprised the majority of shelter health volunteers and were present in 93% of shelters; however, there were no public health providers present as staff in any shelter. Less than one-third of shelter health staff had public health training, and only 55% had received public health information specific to managing the health needs of evacuees. Only 37% of the shelters had a systematic method for screening the healthcare needs of evacuees upon arrival. Although specific clinical scenarios involving case clusters were referred appropriately, 60% of the time, 75% of all clinical scenarios with epidemic potential did not elicit proper notification of public health authorities by shelter health staff. In contrast, clinical scenarios requiring medical attention were correctly referred >90% of the time. Greater access and support from health and public health experts was endorsed by 93% of respondents.Conclusions:Public health training for sheltering operations must be enhanced and should be a required component of pre-deployment instruction. Development of a standardized shelter intake health screening instrument may facilitate assessment of needs and appropriate resource allocation. Shelter health staff did not recognize or report the majority of cases with epidemic potential to public health authorities. Direct technical support to shelter health staff for public health concerns could bridge existing gaps and assist surveillance efforts.

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