scholarly journals TEMPORALITY AS A SPATIAL FIELD OF PRESENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-185
Author(s):  
JAMES MENSCH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
General Conception ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Lived Time

According to Merleau-Ponty in his Phenomenology of Perception, we experience time as a “field of presence.” In his words, “It is in my ‘field of presence’ in the widest sense […] that I make contact with time, and learn to know its course.” This field is fundamental. It elucidates my spatial apprehension. In his words: “Perception provides me with a ‘field of presence’ in the broad sense, extending in two dimensions: the here-there dimension and the past-present-future dimension. The second elucidates the first.” In other words, I understand the spatial “here-there” dimension in terms of the temporal dimension. The “there” is what I immediately grasp in still having in hand “the immediate past.” In this article, I propose to examine the general conception of time as a field of presence. This examination can be seen as a kind of “thought experiment,” where we see what happens when we reverse this relation—i.e., when we elucidate the “past-present-future dimension” in terms of the “here-there dimension.” Such a reversal, I will argue, brings to the fore the pragmatic, spatial character of lived time. Not only does it bring about a revision of horizonal structure of the field of presence, it also has consequences for psycho-analytical research.

Dimensions of Expertise in Wine Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Component Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hedonic Evaluation ◽  
Expert Novice ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

AbstractThis article explores the question of what distinguishes novices from experts in wine evaluation. Is it experts’ superior sensory abilities related to taste and smell, their superior cognitive abilities related to knowledge and memory, or a combination of both—and if a combination, which of the two dimensions of expertise, sensory or cognitive, seems to be more important? I address these issues by considering what has been learned in the past 30+ years from research concerning the sensory and cognitive dimensions of expertise in wine evaluation. The research examines expert/novice differences at both the chemical component level (detecting, discriminating among, and describing wine-relevant chemical components) and the holistic level (hedonic evaluation of wine as an integrated manifestation of its components). (JEL Classification: C93)

Rethinking Hierarchies in East Asian Historical IR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph MacKay
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensions Of Variation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract International relations (IR) has seen a proliferation of recent research on both international hierarchies as such and on historical IR in (often hierarchical) East Asia. This article takes stock of insights from East Asian hierarchies for the study of international hierarchy as such. I argue for and defend an explanatory approach emphasizing repertoires or toolkits of hierarchical super- and subordination. Historical hierarchies surrounding China took multiple dynastic forms. I emphasize two dimensions of variation. First, hierarchy-building occurs in dialogue between cores and peripheries. Variation in these relationships proliferated multiple arrangements for hierarchical influence and rule. Second, Sinocentric hierarchies varied widely over time, in ways that suggest learning. Successive Chinese dynasties both emulated the successes and avoided the pitfalls of the past, adapting their ideologies and strategies for rule to varying circumstances by recombining past political repertoires to build new ones. Taken together, these phenomena suggest new lines of inquiry for research on hierarchies in IR.

The Structure of Emotional Response: 1984 Presidential Candidates

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Feeling Thermometer

Over the past two decades psychological models of affect have changed from valence (one-dimensional) models to multiple-dimensional models. The most recent models, circumplex models, are two-dimensional. Feeling thermometer measures, which derive their theoretical logic from earlier (valence) models of emotional appraisal, are shown to be confounded. Underlying the variation obtained using feeling thermometer measures are two dimensions of emotional response, mastery (positive emotionality) and threat (negative emotionality). Analysis of the 1984 NES survey suggests that positive emotional response is twice as influential as negative emotional response in predicting presidential candidate vote disposition to the presidential candidates. Reliance on emotional response is shown to be uniformly influential across various strata of the electorate.Policy considerations have little direct influence on vote disposition, though policy considerations are indirectly related to vote disposition through the influence of issues on the degree of feelings of threat evoked by the candidates.

The Life-World of Persons with Mood Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 616-633
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Chronic Depression ◽  
Life World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Lived Time

This chapter analyzes mood disorders as disorders of implicit and explicit temporality. First, depression is conceived (a) as a desynchronization from intersubjective time, (b) as an inhibition of conation or basic drive. The inhibition results in a disturbance of cyclical bodily functions and in a retardation of lived time, manifested both in a loss of the future as a space of possibilities, and in a predomincance of the past in the form of accumulated guilt. Depressive delusions may then be described as beliefs which result from the freezing of self-temporalization and which resist an intersubjective alignment of perspectives. Further considerations are given to chronic depression and mania, the latter being described as the opposite type of desynchronization as compared to depression, namely an acceleration and partial decoupling of the inner time from the world time. Finally, consequences for a “resynchronizing therapy” are outlined.

Langevin's influence on relativity theories

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Staley
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Stop Watch ◽  
Light Beams

A century ago, Paul Langevin [C. R. 173, 831 (1921)], through his influence, convinced the scientific community that Einstein's theories of relativity were correct and could explain the Sagnac effect. A simple note in Comptes Rendus was all it took to silence many prominent skeptical scientists. The relativity skeptics had pointed to Sagnac's experiment [C. R. 157, 1410 (1913)] with the interference of counter rotating light beams as proof that the speed of light was not the same in both directions, contrary to the key postulate in Einstein's theory. Langevin showed that the result was also explained by relativity. The rest is history, and relativity has remained a center piece of theoretical physics ever since. Langevin had been captivated by solar eclipse observations of a shifted star pattern near the sun as reported by Eddington [Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation (Fleetway Press, Ltd., London, 1920)]. This was taken as proof positive for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The case of a light beam split into two beams, which propagate in opposite directions around a circuit, has an analog in a simple thought experiment—a speed test for runners. Two runners can be timed on a running track with the runners going around the track in opposite directions. Two stop watches will display the time for each runner's return to the starting position. The arithmetic difference in time shown on each stop watch will provide the differences in speed between the two runners. If the two speeds are the same, the time difference will be zero. It would not make any sense for one of the stop watches to measure a negative time, that is, time moving into the past. In fact, the idea is absurd! However, Langevin did just that, assigned the time for light to travel in one direction as positive while the time for the light to traverse in the opposite direction as negative, moving into the past! By so doing, Langevin reproduced Sagnac's expression and declared that relativity explains Sagnac's experiment. Langevin was wrong!

Ecological land survey in Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bélanger ◽  
C. Camiré ◽  
Y. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Land Classification ◽  
Ecological Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Land Classification

After a brief review of floristic classifications, ecological survey, as carried out in Quebec, is described. Three stages of development of ecological survey over the past twenty-five years are identified: (1) the pioneer work of Jurdant; (2) major ecological surveys from the late 1960s to the late 1970s; and (3) the diversification of the groups involved in ecological land surveys beginning in the 1980s, including universities, the Quebec Environment Department (MENVIQ) and the Quebec Department of Energy and Resources (MER). Intended for use in integrated land management, ecological survey must be an effective integrator of the various ecological evaluations; the information must be easily communicable and the methodology must be flexible. Ecological land classification has two dimensions: (1) taxonomic; and (2) cartographic. In the taxonomic units, the ecological region, the ecological type and the ecological phase are identified. In cartographic terms, local (ecological phase and type), regional (ecological system and subsystem) and national (ecological district and region) resolution is identified.Quebec universities, MER and MENVIQ are presently involved in ecological land surveys. The new Forest Act, which was enacted in 1986 and which provides for sustainable yield and more intensive forest management, is a major force behind the promotion of the use of ecological inventories as the basis for management activities. Mapping of the ecological regions (1:1,250,000) has almost been completed in Quebec. Total coverage of the commercial forest as a function of ecological districts (1:250,000) could be completed within five years, and the mapping of ecological types (1:20,000) could be completed in 20 years at a rate of 10,000 km2 a year. Although in the past ecological land surveys have been used primarily for environmental impact analyses (for instance, the installation of hydroelectric equipment and transportation corridors), the ecological framework is presently being used to prepare development plans for a number of regional county municipalities (RCMs). Pilot projects are under way to assess the potential applications of the ecological framework to forestry as part of intensive management efforts. Improvements are needed in both the accessibility of the information provided by the ecological framework (maps, site guides) and the development of interpretative tools for silvicultural measures. Key words: ecological survey, ecosystem mapping, ecological land classification, forest ecology, forest site classification, Quebec.

Aralia wangshanensis (Araliaceae)—the legitimate name for Aralia franchetii

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 402 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
YUNFEI DENG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
The Past

Aralia Linnaeus (1753: 273) consists of approximately 65 species distributed in eastern to southeastern Asia and the Americas (Wen, 1993). In the past there has been much disagreement over whether Aralia should be recognized in a broad or narrow sense (Li 1942, Hoo & Tseng 1965, 1978, Shang 1985a, 1985b, Shang & Li 1990, Wen 1993, 2002, 2011, Wen et al. 2002, Xiang & Lowry 2007). The broad sense of Aralia is supported by recent studies on the basis of morphological characters and molecular evidence (Wen 1993, Wen et al. 2001, 2002), and therefore some segregated genera, Coudenbergia Marchal (1879: 514), Pentapanax Seemmann (1864: 290, 294), Hunaniopanax Qi et Cao (1988: 47), Neoacanthophora Bennet (1979: 283), Sciadodendron Grisebach (1858: 7), Parapentapax Hutchinson (1967: 56) and Megalopanax E. Ekman ex Harms (1924:122), are reduced to the synonymies of Aralia (Wen 1993. Wen et al. 2002). Wen (2011) divided the genus into six sections: sect. Aralia, sect. Dimorphanthus (Miquel 1840: 95) Miquel (1863: 6), sect. Humiles Harms (1896: 13), sect. Nanae Harms (1896: 12), sect. Pentapanax (Semm.) Wen (2002: 31) and sect. Sciadodendron (Griseb.) Wen (2011: 29).

RELATIVITY AND THE SPEED OF LIGHT – A 100 YEAR OLD MISUNDERSTANDING

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. ŚWIATECKI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mistaken Belief

I point out a conceptual misunderstanding in the exposition of relativity, namely the mistaken belief that light has something to do with the essence of relativity. This misunderstanding can be clarified by stressing that the content of Special Relativity is simply that "we live in a Minkowski spacetime", together with a thought experiment that illustrates how one could discover this fact without ever mentioning even the existence of light. I also note a recently uncovered implication of living in Minkowski spacetime, namely the Copenhagen reinterpretation of Quantum Mechanics, developed in the past decade.

Personal Needs and Social Goals: Issues in Professional Involvement with Victims' Self-Help Groups

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Kowaz ◽  
Ronald Roesch ◽  
Walter J. Friessen
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Social Advocacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Benefits And Costs

The past decade has seen an upsurge in the development of self-help groups encompassing mutual assistance and/or social advocacy dimensions. Although considerable analyses of the sociological functions of such groups have been conducted, the literature concerning psychological benefits and costs of membership, particularly in victim support groups which commonly combine these two dimensions, is sparse. The present article reports on a group therapy experience, where group participants were all active members of a self-help organization and had all lost family members in accidents involving drunk drivers. This experience highlighted the importance of a number of issues located at the intersection of social goals and individual needs, a grey area the authors believe will become a matter of increasing concern and challenge. Rising costs of health care and the search for alternate treatment models make these issues of special interest to those involved in community mental health. This article is addressed to clinicians and researchers, both of whom will be needed to bring greater understanding to issues emerging from the growth of victims' support groups.

Eating and ageing in rural Australia: applying temporal perspectives from phenomenology to uncover meanings in older adults’ experiences

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA CLARE KING ◽  
PETER ORPIN ◽  
JESSICA WOODROFFE ◽  
KIM BOYER
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vivid Memories ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Rural Australia

ABSTRACTNutritious and enjoyable eating experiences are important for the health and wellbeing of older adults. Social gerontology has usefully engaged with the role of time in older adults’ eating lives, considering how routines and other temporal patterns shape experiences of food, meals and eating. Building on this foundation, the paper details one set of findings from qualitative doctoral research into older adults’ experiences of food, meals and eating. Informed by phenomenological ethnography, it engages with one of four dimensions of the human lifeworld – the temporal dimension. The research involved repeated in-depth interviews, walking interviews and observation with 21 participants aged 72–90 years, living in rural Tasmania, Australia. The temporal elements of older adults’ experiences are detailed in terms of the past, present and future. The findings show that older adults have vivid memories of eating in uncertain and austere times, and these experiences have informed their food values and behaviours into old age. In the present, older adults employ several strategies for living and eating well. Simultaneously, they are oriented towards their uncertain eating futures. These findings reveal the implicit meanings in older adults’ temporal experiences of food, meals and eating, highlighting the importance of understanding older adults’ lifeworlds, and their orientation towards the future, for developing effective responses to concerns about food and eating in this age group.

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