Dimensions of Expertise in Wine Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Component Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hedonic Evaluation ◽  
Expert Novice ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

AbstractThis article explores the question of what distinguishes novices from experts in wine evaluation. Is it experts’ superior sensory abilities related to taste and smell, their superior cognitive abilities related to knowledge and memory, or a combination of both—and if a combination, which of the two dimensions of expertise, sensory or cognitive, seems to be more important? I address these issues by considering what has been learned in the past 30+ years from research concerning the sensory and cognitive dimensions of expertise in wine evaluation. The research examines expert/novice differences at both the chemical component level (detecting, discriminating among, and describing wine-relevant chemical components) and the holistic level (hedonic evaluation of wine as an integrated manifestation of its components). (JEL Classification: C93)

Rethinking Hierarchies in East Asian Historical IR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph MacKay
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensions Of Variation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract International relations (IR) has seen a proliferation of recent research on both international hierarchies as such and on historical IR in (often hierarchical) East Asia. This article takes stock of insights from East Asian hierarchies for the study of international hierarchy as such. I argue for and defend an explanatory approach emphasizing repertoires or toolkits of hierarchical super- and subordination. Historical hierarchies surrounding China took multiple dynastic forms. I emphasize two dimensions of variation. First, hierarchy-building occurs in dialogue between cores and peripheries. Variation in these relationships proliferated multiple arrangements for hierarchical influence and rule. Second, Sinocentric hierarchies varied widely over time, in ways that suggest learning. Successive Chinese dynasties both emulated the successes and avoided the pitfalls of the past, adapting their ideologies and strategies for rule to varying circumstances by recombining past political repertoires to build new ones. Taken together, these phenomena suggest new lines of inquiry for research on hierarchies in IR.

The Structure of Emotional Response: 1984 Presidential Candidates

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Feeling Thermometer

Over the past two decades psychological models of affect have changed from valence (one-dimensional) models to multiple-dimensional models. The most recent models, circumplex models, are two-dimensional. Feeling thermometer measures, which derive their theoretical logic from earlier (valence) models of emotional appraisal, are shown to be confounded. Underlying the variation obtained using feeling thermometer measures are two dimensions of emotional response, mastery (positive emotionality) and threat (negative emotionality). Analysis of the 1984 NES survey suggests that positive emotional response is twice as influential as negative emotional response in predicting presidential candidate vote disposition to the presidential candidates. Reliance on emotional response is shown to be uniformly influential across various strata of the electorate.Policy considerations have little direct influence on vote disposition, though policy considerations are indirectly related to vote disposition through the influence of issues on the degree of feelings of threat evoked by the candidates.

CONTRASTIVE RHETORIC: CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF SECOND-LANGUAGE WRITING.Ulla Connor. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xv + 201. $47.95 cloth, $18.95 paper.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116
Author(s):  
Dave Mosher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contrastive Rhetoric ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Writing Major ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

This volume charts the development of contrastive rhetoric (CR) over the past 30 years. Although CR has not attempted to identify developmental stages of L2 writers, it is essentially the study of transfer: the influence of L1 writing conventions and cultural and cognitive dimensions on L2 writing. Major strengths of this book are its critical review of the literature, concise definitions, and documentation of the progression of CR from narrow L2 text-based analyses to the inclusion of multiple approaches.

scholarly journals Project Based Learning (PBL) as a Promising Challenge of Teaching Mathematics

1970 ◽  
pp. 379-409
Author(s):  
Miri Hilai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Individualized Teaching ◽  
Teaching Learning

Mathematics has always presented a challenge, both for teachers and for pupils, all around the world. Teachers of mathematics of all time periods are interested in having their pupils master the mathematical skills and love math. They deliberate on ways of teaching-learning, because of the tremendous gaps in their pupils’ cognitive abilities and their non-uniform abilities to pay attention and to concentrate. It appears that the main solution in the frontal mathematics lessons is offered to the average pupils, but the main goal is to provide a solution for the entire classroom population. Over the years I have searched for different ways beyond frontal and individualized teaching, so that I could provide a solution for populations with different needs in the mathematics lessons. My search for alternative ways derived also from the need to promote the achievements and to boost the motivation, interest, curiosity, and enjoyment in the learning of mathematics. Contemporary research indicates that there is practical innovative learning which is active and involving; it is called project-based learning (PBL). PBL provides a solution for the improvement of the performances in mathematics, for the motivation of the pupils, and for the inspiration of interest and curiosity in and enjoyment from this field of knowledge. From my experience as a teacher in the past and from the reports of my students in the Gordon Academic College for Education in the PBL course, in such teaching a solution is provided for the different populations in the class. The pupils are engaged in learning in practical and realistic projects that are relevant to their lives. They are more active and autonomous, work cooperatively, and develop patterns of behaviour of independence in learning, self-orientation, and self-regulation. These skills and patterns of behaviour are important to their lives as adults and cultivate the six functions of the learner that are derived from the curriculum in Israel: sensory-motor, self-direction in learning and in its management, intrapersonal and interpersonal, cognitive and meta-cognitive.

scholarly journals Trends on the Artificial Fertilizer Market and in Fertilizers Use in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Gergő Ács
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
World Market ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Base

The fertilizer market in Hungary is rather concentrated, which has a strong influence on the price of the fertilizer. Our domestic fertilizer use is primarily determined by that of nitrogen. The use of phosphorus is also significant but the trends in the use of potassium do not match the total quantities applied in individual years. Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of farmers still focus on the application of nitrogen and also apply phosphorus but either neglect or do not pay enough attention to potassium fertilization. The changes in fertilizer prices between 2006 and 2017 can be broken down into two periods. Until 2012 a very important and dynamic increase was observed as a result of which the prices of N, P and K fertilizers increased by 80-120%, 160% and about 120%, respectively. This was followed by a downturn in the market and in relation to 2012 prices there were 20-30/ decreases experienced until 2017 but the rate of this lagged behind the prices in other European countries. Owing to this trend the prices of N, P and K have increased by 60%, 100% and 80%, respectively, over the past ten years. The correlation between fertilizer application and the prices of fertilizers in any given year is low but there is a positive one observed between fertilizer application and the fertilizer prices in the preceding year. This means supposedly that farmers mostly buy the fertilizers they wish to apply not in the current but in the preceding year and store them until these are applied. There is a strong correlation seen between fertilizer prices and the prices of corn and wheat, which means that fertilizer traders also keep tabs on economic results and also increase fertilizer prices under the influence of higher prices. Furthermore, it can be claimed that there is no correlation between crude oil prices on the world market and domestic N fertilizer prices. This is an important factor since the primary base material of N fertilizers is natural gas and their production involves considerable energy costs as well. It can be seen, however, that this is not what determines our domestic fertilizer prices, which can be explained by the fact that the price calculations by the determining actors on the Hungarian fertilizer market is not based on costs but on the demand. JEL Classification: Q13

scholarly journals The trend of the oxidants in boreal forest over 2007–2018: comprehensive modelling study with long-term measurements at SMEAR II, Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Chen ◽  
Putian Zhou ◽  
Tuomo Nieminen ◽  
Pontus Roldin ◽  
Ximeng Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract. Major atmospheric oxidants (OH, O3 and NO3) dominate the atmospheric oxidation capacity, while H2SO4 is considered as a main driver for new particle formation events. Although numerous studies have investigated the long-term trend of ozone in Europe, the trend of OH, NO3 and H2SO4 at specific sites are to a large extent unknown. In this study, we investigated how the trends in major atmospheric oxidants (OH, O3 and NO3) and H2SO4 changed in southern Finland during the past 12 years and discuss how these trends relate to decreasing emissions of regulated air pollutants in Europe. The one-dimensional model SOSAA has been applied in several studies at the SMEAR II station, and has been validated by measurements in several projects. Here, we ran the SOSAA model for the years 2007–2018 to simulate the atmospheric chemical components, especially the atmospheric oxidants and H2SO4 at SMEAR II. The simulations were evaluated with observations at SMEAR II for several shorter and longer campaigns. Our results show that OH increased by +1.56 (−0.8; +3.17) % yr−1 during daytime and NO3 decreased by −3.92 (−6.49; −1.79) % yr−1 during nighttime, indicating different trends of the oxidants during day and night. Sulphuric acid decreased during daytime by −5.12 (−11.39; −0.52) % yr−1, which correlated with the observed decreasing concentration of newly formed particles in the size range 3–25 nm by 1.4 % yr−1 at SMEAR II during the years 1997–2012 (Nieminen et al., 2014). Additionally we compared our simulated OH, NO3 and H2SO4 concentrations with proxies, which are commonly applied in case limited amount of parameters are measured and no detailed model simulations are available.

scholarly journals ISLAMIC BANKING PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF TWO DECADES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Elyanti Rosmanidar ◽  
Abu Azam Al Hadi ◽  
Muhamad Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conventional Banks

This article aims to provide an overview of the development of research on the measurement of Islamic banking performance over the past 20 years from 89 selected papers with Scopus-indexed journals ranked Q4 to Q1 or accredited with Sinta 2 to Sinta 1. This study used a qual-quantitative meta-analysis approach using the Mendeley citation application. The distribution of the topic and the depth of research in paper samples based on keywords in publications were analyzed using the VOSviewer application. The results of the analysis showed that the research trend of Islamic banking performance in reputable journals is increasing in recent years. Most of the studies performed in the last two decades have focused on the practice and corporate governance of Islamic banks and comparisons between Islamic and conventional banks based on financial performance ratios and aspect of maqasid al-Shariah; Only a few studies that discuss efficiency, social performance on Islamic banks, regulation, intellectual capital and stability of the financial performance of Islamic banks were found. The further discussion is an empirical exposure without theoretical exploration or analysis which is supposed to become the direction of banking research in the future.  JEL Classification Codes: G21, L25, P17, P47.

scholarly journals On the Horizon

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656
Author(s):  
Marilyn Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Component Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Course Of Action

Service to this wonderful profession and to this Association has been possible because of the love and support of so many. Many individuals have given their unflagging support for so many years. My thanks to all of the past and current members of our Board of Directors, who have truly been the driving force behind our activities; to the members of our House of Delegates, who set our course of action; to all at the component level, who help to steer much of our action and without whose support little would be possible; and to our Headquarters staff, without whose tireless efforts our accomplishments would, quite simply, not be possible. Countless others within the profession have been an integral part of my life, and to them I shall always be indebted for their mentorship, their expertise, their loyalty, and their friendship.

Older workers: Past, present and future

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-448
Author(s):  
Valerie Dawn Caines ◽  
Monique F Crane ◽  
Jack Noone ◽  
Barbara Griffin ◽  
Shiksha Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Employment Trends

In this article, we focus on the ever-growing numbers of older workers and considerations for workplace practices and policies that make the most from the qualities older workers bring. To begin, we explore the socio-political context examining employment trends for older workers and highlight policies and trends that inform workforce planning. We then extend the discussion of older workers from the perspective of person–environment (P-E) fit, entrepreneurship, resilience and cognitive functioning. Each of these perspectives have received increased research and practitioner attention over the past two decades. They present opportunities to increase our understanding of older people in a workplace context and how to support older workers in a socio-political environment focused on career longevity. We argue that a new national strategy is needed to guide future initiatives and policy development. We propose future research directions and practitioner intervention prospects. JEL Classification: M54

Industrialization and Profit-Rate Analysis in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-456
Author(s):  
Fachru Nofrian
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rate Fluctuation ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Production Pattern

This work looks at the contribution of profit-rate analysis to explain the industrialization process in economics. Using Indonesia for empirical study, we observe a link between the profit rate and international industrialization strategy. Elements of profit rate are discussed, including profit share, labor coefficient, and capital productivity. Elements of the industrialization process are also examined; specifically, gross import substitution, domestic supply growth, and ratio of import substitution. New period categorizations are made, demonstrating changes in the long run. We argue that profit-rate fluctuation has served to explain the success or failure of the industrialization process. This paper identifies two dimensions to this process. First, it argues that industrialization is achieved if the domestic market is established as indicated by a higher profit rate in the period when import substitution is high. Second, the establishment of a home market can occur by adopting the import substitution strategy, including output, investment, and labor. The adoption of import substitution can tackle the sectoral analysis of industrialization because it assumes the formation of a production pattern in domestic economy. JEL Classification: E220, E230, E240, E310, O110, O140

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