scholarly journals IN-BETWEEN MIND, SPIRIT, AND BEING: A CRITICAL APPRECIATION OF GERDA WALTHER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF MYSTICISM WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CORRESPONDENCES TO POST-MATERIALIST NOTIONS OF REALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-533
Author(s):  
PATRICIA FEISE-MAHNKOPP ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
Integrative Concept ◽  
Mystical Vision ◽  
Philosophical Phenomenology ◽  
Unio Mystica

In her main work, Walther exposes the unio mystica as meta-transcendental constitution of (fundamental) spiritual being (the bracketing indicates that this demonstration can be read in a metaphysical, i.e., strong, as well as in a secular, i.e., weak, version). While reflecting her approach theoretically and methodologically by drawing on Husserl, Landmann, Stein, just as on Pfänder and Conrad-Martius, Walther proposes a genuine approach that pushes the transcendental idealistic paradigm further. Its crucial claim is (imperfect) perceptibility and experientiality of (fundamental) spiritual being (labeled “God” by Walther). It is based on a substantially and ontologically differentiating—though integrative—notion of the conditio humana: entanglement of ego-center (both belonging to the transcendental realm and transgressing it meta-transcendentally), self (belonging to psychophysical being), and soulspiritual implications of personal basic essence (belonging to spiritual being) with its “metaphysical-real core” (belonging to fundamental spiritual being). By the help of mystical vision, (fundamental) spiritual being is not only (though imperfectly) perceived and experienced; rather, according to Walther, human ego-consciousness also communicates with God as a spiritual person. However, the latter cannot be supported by Walther’s analysis. In other words, a critical distinction must be made between the—phenomenologically demonstrable—philosophical content of Walther’s investigation and its theologically motivated readings. Accordingly, the present article can appreciate the philosophical significance of her Phenomenology of Mysticism without thereby being committed to its theological interpretations. Walther’s main work, in summary, is a substantial—if not consistently concise—contribution to the philosophy of mind/spirit and being, which, moreover, is able to act as a bridge between philosophical phenomenology and theology. Additionally, in the weak reading, Walther’s integrative concept of mind/spirit and being is connectable to postmaterialist notions of reality.

Kripke, Saul Aaron (1940–)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jubien
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
And Mathematics

Saul Kripke is one of the most important and influential philosophers of the late twentieth century. He is also one of the leading mathematical logicians, having done seminal work in areas including modal logic, intuitionistic logic and set theory. Although much of his work in logic has philosophical significance, it will not be discussed here. Kripke’s main contributions fall in the areas of metaphysics, philosophy of language, epistemology, philosophy of mind and philosophy of logic and mathematics. He is particularly well known for his views on and discussions of the following topics: the concepts of necessity, identity and ‘possible worlds’; ‘essentialism’ – the idea that things have significant essential properties; the question of what determines the referent of an ordinary proper name and the related question of whether such names have meanings; the relations among the concepts of necessity, analyticity, and the a priori; the concept of belief and its problems; the concept of truth and its problems; and scepticism, the idea of following a rule, and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s ‘private language argument’. This entry will be confined to the topics of identity, proper names, necessity and essentialism.

scholarly journals El problema de la reflexión en Husserl y Heidegger

2021 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Jesús Adrián Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Husserlian Phenomenology ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

La idea de que la fenomenología de Husserl representa una suerte de filosofía reflexiva, basada en una metodología que desarrolla la tradición cartesiana, se ha convertido en una creencia ampliamente difundida en la literatura filosófica. Este énfasis puesto por Husserl en la reflexión fue arduamente criticado por Heidegger. Desde entonces resulta frecuente encontrarse con la afirmación de que Husserl y Heidegger desarrollan dos conceptos de fe-nomenología diferentes, incluso antagónicos. No se trata de seguir alimentando esta discusión historiográfica. Aquí, por una parte, se muestra el núcleo de la temprana crítica heideggeriana en el transcurso de sus primeras lecciones de Friburgo (1919-1923) y Marburgo (1924-1928) y, por otra, se sopesan algunas de las observaciones críticas de Heidegger a Husserl a la luz de evidencias textuales de la fenomenología husserliana, ignoradas no sólo por Heidegger, sino también por un sorprendente número de reconocidos especialistas en el campo de la filosofía, de las ciencias cognitivas y de la filosofía de la mente.The idea that Husserl’s phenomenology is a kind of reflective philosophy inspired by the Cartesian tradition has become a common-place in the philosophical literature. Heidegger was one of the first thinkers who criticized the Husserlian emphasis on reflection. Since then it is easy to find the affirmation that Husserl and Heidegger developed two different, even antagonistic concepts of phenomenology. Here is not the place to continue embracing this discussion. One the one hand, the present article shows Heidegger’s early criticism developed in the course of his first lectures in Freiburg (1919-1923) and Marburg (1924-1928). On the other hand, it weighs up some of Heidegger’s critical remarks regarding the reflective nature of Husserlian phenomenology in the light of important textual evidences ignored not only by Heidegger, but also by a surprising number of specialists in the fields of philosophy, cognitive sciences, and philosophy of mind.

O naturalismo biológico em John Searle: A objetividade epistêmica e a subjetividade ontológica como artífices da consciência

ENDOXA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Edimar Brígido ◽  
Fátima Szinwelski ◽  
Felipe Godoi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Mind

Or present article salient to the theme of consciousness, as a crucial fator we are mindful, based on a historical retake, encompassing the principalities that justify and conceive this phenomenon. Initially, discussed in the "mind-brain" problem, a conscience is given to the leading role of Philosophy of Mind, alicerçada em duas great corntes: monista and dualista. Both, theoretically, from the ramifications of Cartesian thought, which divides the mind and mind into these dichotomous substances or as reduced to pure materialism, discarding subjectivities. Searle, based on his Biological Naturalism, stands out as an innovative thinker, who unleashes the current theories, proposed to analyze two states as a result of epistemic objectivity together with no ontological subjectivity. 

Some Earliest Traces of the Aryan

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Iahanshah Derakhshani
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Positive Material ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Linguistic Evidence

AbstractThe early presence of the Aryans in the Near East is the topic of the research I have undertaken using the positive material and linguistic evidence, part of which has already been published, while the other, the main body of the work (Main Work) will be published as an extensive version.1 In these works, and based on linguistic evidences, such as Aryan loanwords, ethnonyms and toponyms extant in the archaic Near Eastern texts as well as due to the absolute lack of loanwords from the so-called pre-Iranian native languages in the Old Iranian dialects, the conventional theory of the late migration of Aryans into the Iranian Highland has been refuted as "strongly disproved". Based on the same evidence, a pre-Sumerian presence of the Aryans in Mesopotamia has been substantiated (see Aryans 5.4.1.10; 6.1.10). The present article is dealing with some earliest linguistic traces of the Aryan in the archaic Near Eastern languages such as in Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite and Egytian.

scholarly journals Essentialism, Externalism, and Human Nature

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
M.J. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Scientific Education ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological essentialism is a prominent view within contemporary developmental psychology and cognitive science according to which children have an innate commitment to essentialism. If this view is correct then a commitment to essentialism is an important aspect of human nature rather than a culturally specific commitment peculiar to those who have received a specific philosophical or scientific education. In this article my concern is to explore the philosophical significance of psychological essentialism with respect to the relationship between the content of our concepts and thoughts and the nature of the extra-cranial world. I will argue that, despite first appearances, psychological essentialism undermines a form of externalism that has become commonplace in the philosophy of mind and language.

scholarly journals The strength of weak embodiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Tirado ◽  
Omid Khatin-Zadeh ◽  
Melina Gastelum ◽  
Nathan Jones ◽  
Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Grounded Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Research Focus

While popular within some cognitive science approaches, the embodiment approach has still found resistance, particularly in light of evidence arguing against strong forms of embodiment. Among other things, the embodiment approach breaks away from the Cartesian ontology of the modulatory system. We claim that the advantages of the embodiment approach are: a) it grounds cognition into modal experience, b) it is harmonious with a materialist philosophy of mind (emergent materialism), and c) it is supported by experimental research in various fields. However, embodiment must still address abstractions, theoretical misunderstandings (representations vs non-representations) and neuroscientific findings that challenge the extension and relevance of sensorimotor properties into cognitive processes. While the strong version of embodiment is seriously challenged by conceptual and physiological setbacks, its weak version is supported by compelling evidence. We suggest future research focus on the psychophysiological bases of grounded cognition and redirect efforts towards the field of cross-modal correspondence.

Semantic Compositionality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Jeffry Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Semantic Compositionality

Most linguists have heard of semantic compositionality. Some will have heard that it is the fundamental truth of semantics. Others will have been told that it is so thoroughly and completely wrong that it is astonishing that it is still being taught. The present article attempts to explain all this. Much of the discussion of semantic compositionality takes place in three arenas that are rather insulated from one another: (a) philosophy of mind and language, (b) formal semantics, and (c) cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology. A truly comprehensive overview of the writings in all these areas is not possible here. However, this article does discuss some of the work that occurs in each of these areas. A bibliography of general works, and some Internet resources, will help guide the reader to some further, undiscussed works (including further material in all three categories).

scholarly journals Bi-/multilingualism and the perceptions of the gender of objects

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Zofia Chłopek
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Conceptual Domain ◽  
Linguistic Categorization ◽  
The Way

The newest research confirms the ‘weak’ version of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, according to which the language we speak influences to some extent the way we think. At the same time, it has been shown that the conceptual representations of reality which have been shaped by the mother tongue from birth play a significant role while using an L2 (L3 etc.), especially when it is weaker than the L1. The present article describes one such conceptual domain – the (non-linguistic) categorization of objects according to their perceived gender, which is influenced by the grammatical gender of their names.

The German Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal and External Validity

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
External Validity ◽  
German Version ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document