Antidepressant use was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background:Studies pertaining to association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with risk of T2DM and its complications were often inconclusive, thus spurring the present study.Methods:Meta-analysis of 25 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in determining the risk for T2DM and 17 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in development of T2DM related complications were conducted.Results:Our study revealed an association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphism with T2DM (GSTM1; OR=1.37;95% CI =1.10-1.70 and GSTT1; OR=1.29;95% CI =1.04-1.61) with an amplified risk of 2.02 fold for combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes. Furthermore, the GSTT1 null (OR=1.56;95%CI=1.38-1.77) and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes (OR=1.91;95%CI=1.25- 2.94) increased the risk for development of T2DM related complications, but not the GSTM1 null genotype. Stratified analyses based on ethnicity revealed GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increase the risk for T2DM in both Caucasians and Asians, with Asians showing much higher risk of T2DM complications than Caucasians for the same. Discussion: GSTM1, GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may be associated with increased risk for T2DM; while GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may increase the risk of subsequent development of T2DM complications with Asian population carrying an amplified risk for the polymorphism.Conclusion:Thus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus alone, in combination or with regards to ethnicity.

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Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America

Current Hypertension Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573402116999200917152952 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽

Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽

Daniel Cohen ◽

Natalia Alarcon-Ariza ◽

Margarita Mogollon-Zehr

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Latin America ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Latin American ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Control

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

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Risk of Depression among Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Dubai Diabetes and Endocrinology Journal ◽

10.1159/000515683 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Baizid Khoorshid Riaz ◽

Shahjada Selim ◽

Megan Neo ◽

Md Nazmul Karim ◽

M. Mostafa Zaman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Onset ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Increased Risk

Methodology: Biochemically confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (n = 1,114) were recruited from the outpatient department of 2 tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Face-to-face interview was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic parameters and relevant information about depression and diabetes. Biochemical test results and treatment-related information were taken from patients’ records. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to screen all patients for psychiatric manifestation. Those diagnosed by HADS were subsequently reassessed using structured clinical interview for DSM-5 Disorders – Clinician Version. T2DM diagnosed at age <40 years were considered as early onset T2DM. Association between age of onset category and depression was assessed using multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression adjusting for random variation of the area of residence and plausible confounders. Results: Around a third of the participants (32.5%) were diagnosed with T2DM before the age of 40 years. Early onset T2DM patients were found to have 57% increase in the risk of developing depression (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.13–2.28; p = 0.011) in comparison to those with usual onset T2DM (≥40 years). Among other factors a positive family history for diabetes (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.03–1.78; p = 0.038), poor glycemic control (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.03–1.68; p = 0.028), presence of 1, or more diabetic complications (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.03–1.78; p = 0.011) also showed increased risk of depression. Conclusion: Early onset T2DM patients are at greater risk of developing depression. The finding is likely to help in setting preventive strategies aiming to reduce the presence of concomitant depression symptoms among diabetes.

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Associations of markers of arterial stiffness and remodeling with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

F Ahmadizar ◽

K Wang ◽

F Mattace Raso ◽

MA Ikram ◽

M Kavousi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Wall Stress ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Circumferential Wall Stress ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. Arterial stiffness/remodeling results in impaired blood flow and, eventually, decreased glucose disposal in peripheral tissues and increased blood glucose. Besides, increased arterial stiffness/remodeling may lead to hypertension, as a potential reciprocal risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We, therefore, hypothesized that increased arterial stiffness/remodeling is associated with an increased risk of T2D. Purpose. To study the associations between arterial stiffness/remodeling and incident T2D. Methods. We used the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. Common carotid arterial properties were ultrasonically determined in plaque-free areas. Aortic stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf_PWV), carotid stiffness was estimated by the carotid distensibility coefficient (carDC). Arterial remodeling was estimated by carotid artery lumen diameter (carDi), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), mean circumferential wall stress (CWSmean), and pulsatile circumferential wall stress (CWSpuls). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between arterial stiffness/remodeling and the risk of incident T2D, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, mean arterial pressure (MAP), antihypertensive medications, heart rate, non- high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, lipid-lowering medications, and smoking. We included interaction terms in the fully adjusted models to study whether any significant associations were modified by sex, age, blood glucose, or MAP. Spearman correlation analyses were applied to examine the correlations between measurements of arterial stiffness/remodeling and glycemic traits. Results. We included 3,055 individuals free of T2D at baseline (mean (SD) age, 67.2 (7.9) years). During a median follow-up of 14.0 years, 395 (12.9%) T2D occurred. After adjustments, higher cf_PWV (hazard ratio (HR),1.18; 95%CI:1.04-1.35), carDi (1.17; 1.04-1.32), cIMT (1.15; 1.01-1.32), and CWSpuls (1.28; 1.12-1.47) were associated with increased risk of incident T2D. After further adjustment for the baseline glucose, the associations attenuated but remained statistically significant. Sex, age, blood glucose, or MAP did not modify the associations between measurements of arterial stiffness/remodeling, and incident T2D. Among the population with prediabetes at baseline (n = 513) compared to the general population, larger cIMT was associated with a greater increase in the risk of T2D. Most measurements of arterial stiffness/remodeling significantly but weakly correlated with baseline glycemic traits, particularly with blood glucose. Conclusions. Our study suggests that greater arterial stiffness/remodeling is independently associated with an increased risk of T2D development. Blood glucose and hypertension do not seem to play significant roles in these associations. Further studies should disentangle the underlying mechanism that links arterial stiffness/remodeling and T2D.

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High Plasma Levels of Gremlin-1 and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor, but Not Their Ratio, Indicate an Increased Risk for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical Cardiology ◽

10.1002/clc.22509 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karin A.L. Müller ◽

Dominik Rath ◽

Martina Schmid ◽

Heiko Schoenleber ◽

Meinrad Gawaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

High Plasma ◽

Macrophage Migration ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

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TheType 2 Deiodinase Thr92Ala PolymorphismIs Associated with Worse Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/5928726 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaowen Zhang ◽

Jie Sun ◽

Wenqing Han ◽

Yaqiu Jiang ◽

Shiqiao Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Design And Methods ◽

Hba1c Levels

Objective. Type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3. The Thr92Ala polymorphism has been shown related to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to assess the association between this polymorphism and glycemic control in T2DM patients as marked by the HbA1C levels.Design and Methods.The terms “rs225014,” “thr92ala,” “T92A,” or “dio2 a/g” were used to search for eligible studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and Google Scholar. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including both polymorphism testing and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) assays were performed.Results. Four studies were selected, totaling 2190 subjects. The pooled mean difference of the studies was 0.48% (95% CI, 0.18–0.77%), indicating that type 2 diabetics homozygous for the Dio2 Thr92Ala polymorphism had higher HbA1C levels.Conclusions. Homozygosity for the Dio2 Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with higher HbA1C levels in T2DM patients. To confirm this conclusion, more studies of larger populations are needed.

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The association between insulin therapy and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. e020062 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaosu Bai ◽

Zhiming Liu ◽

Zhisen Li ◽

Dewen Yan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectivesSeveral patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have depressive disorders. Whether insulin treatment was associated with increased risk of depression remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of insulin therapy and depression.DesignA meta-analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2016. Epidemiological studies comparing the prevalence of depression between insulin users and non-insulin users were included. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. The adjusted and crude data were analysed.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included. Of these, 12 studies presented with adjusted ORs. Insulin therapy was significantly associated with increased risk of depression (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.76, p=0.003). Twenty-four studies provided crude data. Insulin therapy was also associated with an odds for developing depression (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.80, p<0.001). When comparing insulin therapy with oral antidiabetic drugs, significant association was observed for adjusted (OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.86, p=0.008) and crude (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.93, p<0.001) data.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis confirmed that patients on insulin therapy were significantly associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.

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Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Beyond Rheumatology ◽

10.4081/br.2021.71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Lamia Oulkadi ◽

Bouchra Amine ◽

Imane El binoune ◽

Samira Rostom ◽

Rachid Bahiri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are chronic diseases with increasing prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in women with T2DM and to identify predictive factors of fracture occurrence. The prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM was 23.1% and 16.9%, respectively. 46.2% of T2DM patients had normal bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.01) and 58.5% of control subjects had osteopenia (P<0.01). Incidence of fracture in T2DM patients with osteopenia was significantly increased versus control subjects when stratified according the BMD (P=0.009). By stratifying T2DM patients according to fractures, factors that were significantly associated with occurrence included T2DM duration (P=0.038), use of insulin (P=0.017), and lower BMD (P=0.048). Our study suggests that there was a higher prevalence of fracture in T2DM patients compared to control subjects and a significant difference in BMD was found between the groups. We also showed that insulin use, low BMD, and long duration of T2DM are factors associated with an increased risk of bone fracture.

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