scholarly journals Probable Maximum Precipitation in Iceland – Station Values –

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jónas Elíasson
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probable Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Sloping Terrain ◽  
High Series ◽  
Meteorological Models

The meteorological stations in Iceland are rather few compared to the size of the country, and their service time is short compared to other developed countries. Investigations of individual 24-hour station PMP values computed by the Hershfield and NERC methods show trends that are important for the application of PMP values in engineering design. The results fall into two series, one with high PMP values and the other with lower values. The low values originate from station groups situated in areas with mildly sloping terrain and here the results compare fully with what should be expected from experience from other countries. The other series shows results that do not compare as well with previously published results. Their general characteristics is that PMP values calculated hy the Hershfield method are of the order 80% higher than the corresponding results obtained by the NERC method. The results of this high series do not check against results obtained from meteorological models. It is noteworthy, that all the stations of the low series belong to station groups where the terrain is gently sloping, i.e. average terrain slopes less than 1.4%, while in the high series all the stations belong to station groups where the terrain slopes steeply from a highland plateau down to sea level. It is concluded that the generalized estimates of PMP values needed in engineering design could be obtained.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Global Economic Crisis of 2008-2009: Sources and Roots

2009 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
G. Rapoport ◽  
A. Guerts
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Production Output ◽  
The One ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Partial Destruction

In the article the global crisis of 2008-2009 is considered as superposition of a few regional crises that occurred simultaneously but for different reasons. However, they have something in common: developed countries tend to maintain a strong level of social security without increasing the real production output. On the one hand, this policy has resulted in trade deficit and partial destruction of market mechanisms. On the other hand, it has clashed with the desire of several oil and gas exporting countries to receive an exclusive price for their energy resources.

scholarly journals The other side of sea level change

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Prange ◽  
Thomas Wilke ◽  
Frank P. Wesselingh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Level Change

scholarly journals Spatial Approach to Diseases of Affluence Epidemiology and Regional Economic Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Alicja Olejnik ◽  
Agata Żółtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Spatial Approach

Abstract Diseases of affluence (of the 21st c.) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states (where diseases of poverty are more common). Therefore, it has been indicated that it is civilizational progress that makes us sick. On the other hand, substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and the cutting-edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective preventions, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases of poverty and of affluence. Therefore, a dilemma arises: is progress making us sick or curing us? To evaluate the influence of country socioeconomic and technological development on population health, a spatial analysis of the epidemiology of diseases of affluence and distribution of economic resources for European NUTS 2 has been performed. The main aim of this paper is to assess, how regional diversity in the prevalence of diseases of affluence is related to the regional development of regions.

scholarly journals Estimation of the probable maximum precipitation in Barcelona (Spain)

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1322-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Carmen Casas ◽  
Raül Rodríguez ◽  
Marc Prohom ◽  
Antonio Gázquez ◽  
Angel Redaño
Keyword(s):  
Probable Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Precipitation

scholarly journals Responsiveness to acoustic stimulation, distribution and habitat preferences of the Grey-headed Woodpecker, Picus canus, and the Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (North-eastern Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Gianluca Rassati
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Altitudinal Belt ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

The study was carried out from 2003 to 2011 with the aim of determining the responsiveness to acoustic stimulation, the distribution and the habitat preferences of <em>Picus canus</em> and <em>Picoides tridactylus</em> in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). <em>P. canus</em> resulted as being more responsive than <em>P. tridactylus</em> to conspecifics stimulation, responding in 13.23% of the points where a stimulus was emitted, against 7.65% of the other species. In both taxa, when there was a response, it was predominantly by the male birds. The most frequent type of response in <em>P. canus</em> was song, heard in 57.89% of the points, while for <em>P. tridactylus</em>, it was drumming, which was heard in 65.38% of the points. For both species (especially for P. tridactylus), a tendency was recorded to expand the range and to occupy new areas within the known range. <em>P. canus i</em>n Friuli-Venezia Giulia was found from altitudes close to the sea level up to the treeline (range 0-2000 m a.s.l.), while <em>P. tridactylus</em> was found in montane and subalpine woodlands (range 800- 2000 m a.s.l.). The observations of P. canus were obtained at a mean altitude of 977 m a.s.l. (± 402 SD), located in the altitudinal belt dominated by Fagus sylvatica L., which is present in more than half of the woodlands in which the woodpecker was found.<em> P. tridactylus</em> was discovered at a mean altitude of 1424 m a.s.l. (± 246 SD), located in the altitudinal belt dominated by Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., which is present in almost 90% of the woodlands in which this species was found. In some areas, densities of 0.67-2.26 territories/100 ha were obtained for<em> P. canus</em> and 0.16-0.40 territories/100 ha for <em>P. tridactylus.</em> In Friuli-Venezia Giulia, a population of 320-390 pairs of P. canus and 45-60 pairs of P. tridactylus has been estimated, with an approximate 15% increase of<em> P. canus</em> compared to the beginning of the century, and just over 60% for the other species. Finally, some aspects concerning conservation-related problems are reported.

scholarly journals Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) Analysis for Bakun Dam Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Yiau S.S. ◽  
F.J. Putuhena
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Research Publication ◽  
Probable Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Probable Maximum Flood ◽  
The One

Probable Maximum Precipitation is defined as the greatest depth of precipitation which is possible for a given time and duration over a given size storm area under known meteorological conditions. This concept has been used as design criterion of major flood control measures such as spillways of large dams worldwide. It is essential for the generation of Probable Maximum Flood. This paper represents the results of PMP analysis for Bakun Dam Area which has a catchment area of 14,750 km2. Three sets of results were produced, i.e. by statistical method (with frequency factors from World Meteorological Organization manual and National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia in Technical Research Publication No. 1 (TRP 1)) for duration of 1 hour, 8 hours, 24 hours and daily and by experimental method for production of daily PMP. The results were compared with each other and the one made by Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation on Bakun Dam construction. The set of PMP values results from substitution of Km developed by NAHRIM was concluded to be the most reliable results as daily PMP (276mm) was consistent with the one (280mm) produced by SESCO. However, 6 days PMP value (950mm) done by SESCO was recommended as the Bakun Dam Area cover huge catchment area which higher duration of PMP value should be applied .

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