Using time compression approximation to determine actual infiltration rate from variable rainfall events

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Cheng ◽  
Guotao Cui ◽  
Jianting Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Numerical Solver

Abstract Understanding infiltration into soils from rainfall events is important for many practical applications. The idea of time compression approximation (TCA) was proposed to simulate infiltration rate, which only requires the relationship between the potential infiltration rate (PIR) and potential cumulative infiltration (PCI). The TCA-based method can be used in any rainfall–runoff models since the PIR vs. PCI relationship can be developed independent of actual rainfall patterns. The main objective of this study is to establish guidelines on when this method can be adequately applied. The results based on the TCA are compared with those from the field observations and the Richards equation numerical solver for observed rainfall events and randomly generated rainfall patterns with prescribed temporal variabilities and hiatuses. For continuous rainfall with potential ponding, the maximum error of infiltration amount using the TCA-based method is less than 5%. The TCA-based method, in general, underestimates the total infiltration amount from variable rainfall events. Variance in rainfall time series does not significantly affect the errors of using the TCA-based method to determine the actual infiltration rate. The TCA-based method can produce reasonable results in simulating the actual infiltration rate for rainfall events with a short hiatus.

Rainfall Events as Paths of a Stochastic Process: Problems of Design Storm Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Adequate Evaluation ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Problems in the construction of design storms are expressed in mathematical terms. Introduced here is a concept for approximating natural peak flow values by means of the distribution of typical rainfall patterns. A comparison demonstrates the quality of this concept and the competency of some well-known design storms for the adequate evaluation of peak flows.

scholarly journals Cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate prediction using optimized deep learning algorithms: A study in Western Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 100825
Author(s):  
Mahdi Panahi ◽  
Khabat Khosravi ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Somayeh Panahi ◽  
Salim Heddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Rate Prediction ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

scholarly journals Stationary and Non-Stationary Frameworks for Extreme Rainfall Time Series in Southern Italy

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide De Luca ◽  
Luciano Galasso
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events

This study tests stationary and non-stationary approaches for modelling data series of hydro-meteorological variables. Specifically, the authors considered annual maximum rainfall accumulations observed in the Calabria region (southern Italy), and attention was focused on time series characterized by heavy rainfall events which occurred from 1 January 2000 in the study area. This choice is justified by the need to check if the recent rainfall events in the new century can be considered as very different or not from the events occurred in the past. In detail, the whole data set of each considered time series (characterized by a sample size N > 40 data) was analyzed, in order to compare recent and past rainfall accumulations, which occurred in a specific site. All the proposed models were based on the Two-Component Extreme Value (TCEV) probability distribution, which is frequently applied for annual maximum time series in Calabria. The authors discussed the possible sources of uncertainty related to each framework and remarked on the crucial role played by ergodicity. In fact, if the process is assumed to be non-stationary, then ergodicity cannot hold, and thus possible trends should be derived from external sources, different from the time series of interest: in this work, Regional Climate Models’ (RCMs) outputs were considered in order to assess possible trends of TCEV parameters. From the obtained results, it does not seem essential to adopt non-stationary models, as significant trends do not appear from the observed data, due to a relevant number of heavy events which also occurred in the central part of the last century.

scholarly journals Monitoring mass changes in the Volta River basin using GRACE satellite gravity and TRMM precipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner G. Ferreira ◽  
Zheng Gong ◽  
Samuel A. Andam-Akorful
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
West African ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The North ◽  
Trmm Precipitation ◽  
Grace Satellite

GRACE satellite gravity data was used to estimate mass changes within the Volta River basin in West African for the period of January, 2005 to December, 2010. We also used the precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) to determine relative contributions source to the seasonal hydrological balance within the Volta River basin. We found out that the seasonal mass change tends to be detected by GRACE for periods from 1 month in the south to 4 months in the north of the basin after the rainfall events. The results suggested a significant gain in water storage in the basin at reference epoch 2007.5 and a dominant annual cycle for the period under consideration for both in the mass changes and rainfall time series. However, there was a low correlation between mass changes and rainfall implying that there must be other processes which cause mass changes without rainfall in the upstream of the Volta River basin.

Study on Rainfall Patterns of Beijing

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2073-2079
Author(s):  
Yao Yao Weng ◽  
Zi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
The City ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

Climate and precipitation of city has undergone great changes, waterlogging and drought events caused by extreme weather events is seriously affecting the normal operation of the city and people's production and life. This paper analyzes the rainfall patterns of Beijing in recent years on the basis of rainfall data nearly 68 years, including changes of all levels rainfall, extreme rainfall event occurrence and changes in short duration of heavy rainfall events. The results show that The possibility of short duration extreme rainfall increased nearly a decade.This provided an effective basis for design of Beijing rainfall exclusion and waterlogging disaster.

scholarly journals Observation Strategies Based on Singular Value Decomposition for Ocean Analysis and Forecast

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Maria Fattorini ◽  
Carlo Brandini
Keyword(s):  
Singular Value Decomposition ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Observation Strategies

In this article, we discuss possible observing strategies for a simplified ocean model (Double Gyre (DG)), used as a preliminary tool to understand the observation needs for real analysis and forecasting systems. Observations are indeed fundamental to improve the quality of forecasts when data assimilation techniques are employed to obtain reliable analysis results. In addition, observation networks, particularly in situ observations, are expensive and require careful positioning of instruments. A possible strategy to locate observations is based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). SVD has many advantages when a variational assimilation method such as the 4D-Var is available, with its computation being dependent on the tangent linear and adjoint models. SVD is adopted as a method to identify areas where maximum error growth occurs and assimilating observations can give particular advantages. However, an SVD-based observation positioning strategy may not be optimal; thus, we introduce other criteria based on the correlation between points, as the information observed on neighboring locations can be redundant. These criteria are easily replicable in practical applications, as they require rather standard studies to obtain prior information.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Quality and Date Palm Biochar on Evaporation and Specific Hydrological Characteristics of Sandy Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
and Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

Experiments were conducted in a soil laboratory using transparent columns (5 and 40 cm in diameter and length, respectively) to evaluate the effects of water quality (i.e., fresh or saline water) with the addition of biochar on soil moisture characteristics. Soil and biochar were gently combined and added into the top 10 cm of each column at a rate of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w). The results show a decrease in cumulative evaporation by 29.27%, 16.47%, 14.17%, and 14.61% with freshwater, and by 21.24%, 12.22%, 21.08%, and 12.67% with saline water for B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively, compared with unamended soil (B1, B2, B3 and B4 represent the treatments with the biochar rate of 2, 4, 6, and 8%, respectively). Cumulative infiltration was reduced by 34.38%, 43.37%, 58.89%, and 57.07% with freshwater, and by 30.18%, 44.38%, 54.44%, and 49.11% with saline water for B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively. The infiltration rate was reduced by 32.73%, 42.17%, 57.82%, and 56.85% with freshwater, and 42.09%, 54.6%1, 62.68%, and 58.41% with saline water for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, compared with the control. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of B1 decreased significantly by 92.8% and 67.72% with fresh and saline water, respectively. Biochar, as a soil conditioner, could be used in arid conditions with fresh and saline water to enhance the hydrological properties of sandy soils.

Simulation of Basin Scale Runoff Reduction by Infiltration Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Herath ◽  
K. Musiake
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
System Model ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Modelling Approach

A modelling approach is presented to simulate infiltration systems in urban areas. The model consists of a hydrological sub-model and an infiltration system sub-model. Infiltration characteristics of individual facilities are first established using steady state numerical simulation of Richards' equation. These are represented as linear relations between the facility water head and infiltration rate for given facility widths. The infiltration system model is obtained by applying continuity equation to infiltration facilities lumped over a sub-catchment. This model is then coupled to a catchment runoff model to simulate storm runoff with infiltration systems. The model is applied to an infiltration system installation in a residential area, where stormwater runoff is monitored in a pilot area and a comparative area. The observed results suggest the method is adequate to evaluate the performance of infiltration systems. Except for the catchment storage routing parameter, all model parameters are determined from physical catchment characteristics.

Identifying germination opportunities for threatened plant species in episodic ecosystems by linking germination profiles with historic rainfall events

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole P. Elliott ◽  
Wolfgang Lewandrowski ◽  
Ben P. Miller ◽  
Matthew Barrett ◽  
Shane R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Management And Conservation

Dynamic processes of seed germination, influenced by niche–climate interactions, underpin successful seedling establishment. For threatened species with niches restricted to specific landforms, such as Banded Ironstone Formations (BIF), understanding germination opportunities in relation to long-term rainfall patterns can be critical for management. We quantified germination profiles (germinating fraction and speed with varying dormancy states) from six taxonomically diverse threatened species that are endemic to BIF in Western Australia, and related this to historic rainfall patterns and events. The upper limit of the germination profiles (i.e. for dormancy-alleviated seed) was 1.2–60 times higher (germinating fraction; Gmax) and 1.1–4 times faster (T10) than the lower profile limit (i.e. dormancy not alleviated) in the physiologically dormant species studied (Tetratheca paynterae Alford subsp. paynterae and T. erubescens J.P.Bull; Ricinocarpos brevis R.J.F.Hend. & Mollemans; Darwinia masonii C.A.Gardner; Lepidosperma gibsonii R.L.Barrett). Seeds of Banksia arborea (C.A.Gardner) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele are non-dormant and had a germination profile similar to this upper limit. The minimum period of moisture required for germination was less than eight consecutive days and our simple moisture model, based on historic rainfall patterns for their localities, indicated that these periods have likely occurred 16 times in the last 100 years. We suggest that these BIF species are likely committing to germination during heightened rainfall periods, despite these periods being infrequent and irregular. Understanding the germination profiles of range-restricted species provides important insights into the environmental filters regulating recruitment and supports the development of more effective management and conservation approaches for protecting these species.

scholarly journals The significance of spatial variability of rainfall on simulated runoff: an evaluation based on the Upper Lee catchment, UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Pechlivanidis ◽  
N. McIntyre ◽  
H. S. Wheater
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Parameter Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The significance of spatial variability of rainfall on runoff is explored as a function of catchment scale and type, and antecedent conditions via the continuous time, semi-distributed probability distributed model (PDM) hydrological model applied to the Upper Lee catchment, UK. The impact of catchment scale and type is assessed using 11 nested catchments, and further assessed by artificially changing the catchment characteristics and translating these to model parameters (MPs) with uncertainty using model regionalisation. Dry and wet antecedent conditions are represented by ‘warming up’ the model under different rainfall time series. Synthetic rainfall events are introduced to directly relate the change in simulated runoff to the spatial variability of rainfall. Results show that runoff volume and peak are more sensitive to the spatial rainfall for more impermeable catchments; however, this sensitivity is significantly undermined under wet antecedent conditions. Although there is indication that the impact of spatial rainfall on runoff varies as a function of catchment scale, the variability of antecedent conditions between the synthetic catchments seems to mask this significance. Parameter uncertainty analysis highlights the importance of accurately representing the spatial variability of the catchment properties and their translation to MPs when investigating the effects of spatial properties of rainfall on runoff.

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