scholarly journals Exploring behavioral determinants of handwashing with soap after defecation in an urban setting in Bangladesh: findings from a barrier analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam ◽  
Thomas P. Davis ◽  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Bonnie L. Kittle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Barrier Analysis ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Handwashing With Soap

Abstract Social and behavior change (SBC) has long been recognized as a necessary step in the promotion of handwashing with soap (HHWS), and identifying the barriers and enablers of this behavior are key to increasing its adoption. Based on the health belief model (HBM), the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and other behavioral models, this barrier analysis study was conducted to identify the barriers and enablers of HWWS after defecation in an urban setting in Bangladesh. We conducted interviews with 45 adults who washed their hands with soap after defecation (doers) and compared them to 45 adults who did not (non-doers). The analysis showed that the main barriers of HWWS after defecation were related to perceived self-efficacy, difficulty to remember to buy soap, access to low-cost soap, low perceived severity of diarrhea, and not believing that HWWS would reduce diarrhea. Believing that it is Allah's will when one gets diarrhea was mentioned more frequently by the non-doers, while feeling clean and keeping free from illness were reported as benefits of HWWS significantly by the doers. The results suggest that an SBC strategy that addresses these key barriers and enablers would be more effective in promoting the adoption of HWWS.

scholarly journals Identifying behavioral determinants of handwashing with soap after defecation in an urban setting in Bangladesh: Findings from a Barrier Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Kalam ◽  
Thomas P Davis ◽  
Ariful Islam ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Bonnie L Kittle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Barrier Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

Social and Behavioral Change (SBC) has long been considered as core component of hand washing with soap (HWWS) intervention, but identifying barriers and enablers of HWWS from a behavioral perspective is limited. By examining twelve potential behavioral determinants this Barrier Analysis study was conducted to identify the barriers and enablers of HWWS after defecation in urban setting in Bangladesh. We conducted 45 interviews with those who washed their hands with soap after defecation (“Doers”) and another 45 interviews with those who did not (“Non-doers”). Data analysis was performed to identify which beliefs were most highly-associated with hand washing with soap. The analysis showed that two of the main barriers of HWWS after defecation were related to perceived self-efficacy and access, especially availability of soap. Non-doers claimed that access to soap was difficult due to lack of money and unavailability at nearby shops. Other important determinants such as difficulty remembering to buy soap (cues for action)), believing that most people did not approve of HWWS (e.g. perceived social norms), low perceived severity of diarrhea, and not believing that HWWS would work to reduce diarrhea (perceived action efficacy) were significantly correlated with adoption of the behavior. Perceived divine will (believing that it is God’s will when one gets diarrhea) was also a factor among the Non-doers. Other benefits such as feeling clean and keeping free from illness were reported more often by Doers, while Non-doers were more likely to report increased costs as a barrier to HWWS. The results suggest that an integrated behavior change strategy promoting specific beliefs about HWWS using culturally-inclusive messaging and activities to address the different barriers and leverage the different enablers may lead to better adoption of HWWS.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Behaviour of Nigerian University Students towards Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezebunwa E. Nwokocha ◽  
Victor Eyango
Keyword(s):  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽  
Nigerian University ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Voluntary Counselling And Testing

Despite increased campaign for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV/AIDS in Nigeria only a negligible number of young people participates in this activity. This study investigates the factors affecting the attitudes and behaviour of students at the University of Ibadan, which is a microcosm of other universities in the country, as a way of understanding the context in which apathy towards VCT occurs. The Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action enable the study to highlight the variables that interact to influence students’ behaviour towards VCT. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews (IDIs). The survey involved 400 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling technique, while 12 IDIs were conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate students identified as relatively knowledgeable about issues related to VCT – mainly as peer educators. The findings show that although 95.3% of the students were aware of VCT, only 15% of them had undertaken voluntary HIV testing. The specific results indicate that there is a wide gap between intention and action related to VCT. Of the 57.5% respondents who had discussed VCT and intended to participate in it, only 27.3% actually underwent VCT. A combination of overconfidence in not being HIV positive, fear of testing positive to the virus, the perceived non-confidentiality of test results and stigma and discrimination strongly discourage students from partaking in VCT. The study clearly indicates the need to bridge the gap between knowledge and behaviour through vigorous sensitization and enlightenment activities.

scholarly journals Politics of Prevention: Reflections From the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-57
Author(s):  
John L. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Prevention Science ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Relationship

The COVID-19 pandemic from a prevention science perspective, including research topics, is discussed. Political considerations that influence prevention activities, with examples from the pandemic and from more typical prevention initiatives in schools and communities, are presented. The definitions of prevention science and prevention interventions are delineated, and a brief summary of prevention history is given. The relationship between health disparities and COVID-19 is discussed. Two theoretical perspectives that may help to inform effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures, health belief model and theory of reasoned action and planned behavior, are summarized. This article emphasizes the importance of adapting prevention applications to the intended recipients, especially ethnic and cultural groups. The need to strengthen prevention training in graduate education and strategies to reform the education to meet accreditation and licensing standards are suggested.

Health Beliefs Describing Patients Enrolling in Community Pharmacy Disease Management Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Luder ◽  
Stacey Frede ◽  
James Kirby ◽  
Keith King ◽  
Pamela Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Management Coaching ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Survey Responses

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to survey new enrollees in a community pharmacy, employer-based diabetes and hypertension coaching program to describe the characteristics, health beliefs, and cues to action of newly enrolled participants. Methods: A 70-question, 5-point Likert-type survey was developed using constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). New enrollees in the coaching programs completed the survey. Survey responses between controlled and uncontrolled patients and patient demographics were compared. Results: Between November 2011 and November 2012, 154 patients completed the survey. Patients were fairly well controlled with a mean hemoglobin A1C of 7.3% and a mean blood pressure of 134/82 mm Hg. The strongest cue to action for enrollment was the financial incentives offered by the employer (mean: 3.33, median: 4). White patients were significantly more motivated by financial incentives. More patients indicated they had not enrolled previously in the program because they were unaware it was available (mean: 2.89, median 3.0) and these patients were more likely to have an uncontrolled condition ( P ≤ 0.050). Conclusion: A top factor motivating patients to enroll in a disease management coaching program was the receipt of financial incentives. Significant differences in HBM, TPB, and TRA responses were seen for patients with different demographics.

scholarly journals The Validity of the Theory of Planned Behaviour for Understanding People’s Beliefs and Intentions toward Reusing Medicines

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Hamza Alhamad ◽  
Parastou Donyai
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Health Related Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Background: many factors can impact a person’s behaviour. When the behaviour is subject to prediction, these factors can include, for example, the perceived advantages and disadvantages of performing the behaviour, normative beliefs, and whether the behaviour is thought to be achievable. This paper examines intentions to engage in medicines reuse, i.e., to accept medicines that are returned unused to a pharmacy to be reused. The paper aims to outline the validity of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) for understanding people’s intentions to engage in medicines reuse by examining this against other long-standing health-related psychological theories of behavioural change. Thus, the Health Belief Model (HBM), Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), Trans-Theoretical Model of Health Behaviour Change (TTM/SoC), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and TPB are examined for their application in the study of medicines reuse. Discussion: the HBM, PMT, TTM/SoC, TRA, and TPB were assessed for their relevance to examining medicines reuse as a behaviour. The validity of the TPB was justified for the development of a Medication Reuse Questionnaire (MRQ) to explore people’s beliefs and intention toward reusing medicines. Conclusion: TPB has been widely used inside and outside of health-related research and it was found to have more accurately defined constructs, making it helpful in studying medicines reuse behaviour.

scholarly journals Antecedents of individual safety behavior during the pandemic times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Khurshid Kayani ◽  
Tayyba Fatima ◽  
Thurasamy Ramayah ◽  
Tahir Mumtaz Awan ◽  
Ruqia Khan
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background This study aims to measure the safety behavior of individuals’ during the pandemic of COVID-19 by integrating Health Belief Model (HBM) and behavioral theories i.e. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Information-Motivation Behavioral Skills (IMB). Methods The research was conducted in education sector; data was collected from students and staff (teaching and nonteaching) of universities. Mono method was used with deductive approach. Data was collected from 780 respondents and analyzed using Smart PLS3. Results A scenario-based survey conducted online, and data was collected from 780 respondents to test the model. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS and Smart PLS3.The results highlighted the factors that leads towards behavioral change during the pandemic times. The results highlighted the factors that leads towards behavioral change during pandemic times. Conclusions This study not only contributes into the existing literature on social marketing but also will bring the betterment in the society by measuring the safety behavior of individuals. This research may also help the health policy makers and contributes as communication guideline for individuals to follow safety behaviors which will limit the spread of COVID-19. Trial Registration: Not applicable

An Empirical Assessment of the Above the Influence Advertising Campaign

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Scheier ◽  
Jerry L. Grenard ◽  
Kristen D. Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Belief Model

This study evaluated the efficacy of Above the Influence (ATI), a national media-based health persuasion campaign to deter youth drug use. The campaign uses public service anti-drug prevention messages and targets youth between the ages of 14 and 16, a period of heightened susceptibility to peer influences. The evaluation utilized mall intercepts from geographically dispersed regions of the country. Theoretical impetus for the campaign combines elements of the theory of reasoned action (TRA), persuasion theory, and the health belief model. A series of structural equation models were tested with four randomly drawn cross-validation samples ( N = 3,000). Findings suggest that awareness of ATI is associated with greater anti-drug beliefs, fewer drug use intentions, and less marijuana use. Congruent with the TRA, changes in beliefs and intentions are intermediate steps linking campaign awareness with behavior. This study provides further evidence of positive campaign effects and may strengthen reliance on mass media health persuasion campaigns as a useful adjunct to other programs targeting youth.

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