scholarly journals Soil erosion in disturbed forests and agricultural plantations in tropical undulating terrain: in situ measurement using a laser erosion bridge method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1032-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mohamad ◽  
A. Nainar ◽  
K. V. Annammala ◽  
D. Sugumaran ◽  
M. H. Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Laser Erosion ◽  
Kelantan River Basin ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Abstract The rapid growth of agricultural plantations and climatic extremes has raised concerns pertaining to enhanced soil erosion. Soil erosion studies are still relatively limited in Malaysia. In this study, soil erosion in four sites such as high conservation value forests (HCVFs), logged forest (LF), mature oil palm (MOP), and mature rubber (MR) within the Kelantan River Basin was measured. A total of 3,207 measurements were conducted via the Modified Laser Erosion Bridge in all sites over 1 year. Results of soil erosion are 87.63, 25.45, 8.44, and 5.90 t ha−1 yr−1 for the HCVF, LF, MOP and MR, respectively – classified as very severe (HCVF), very high (LF), moderate (MP) and slight (MR) according to the Indian condition classification. Steep slope gradient (significant positive correlation to erosion) and logging are the main factors attributed to the high erosion rates. This is to be further explored in the future and more detailed studies should be conducted on the HCVF and LF areas, respectively. Mitigation measures and sustainable agricultural practices should be planned to control and reduce soil erosion.

scholarly journals IMPROVED STOCK UNEARTHING METHOD (ISUM) ALLOW TO ASSESS SOIL EROSION PROCESSES IN GRAFTED PLANTS USING IN SITU TOPOGRAPHICAL MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Enric Terol ◽  
Artemi Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Soil Depletion ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Policymakers, stakeholders and rural inhabitants must be aware of the relevance of soil erosion as an irreversible landdegradation process. This is key to achieve the land degradation neutrality challenge and the sustainability of humankindand natural ecosystems. Agricultural areas are being affected by soil erosion threatening soil quality and, subsequently,food security. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new techniques and methods visually friendly and easy to be accessedto survey and assess the soil erosion concerns. ISUM (Improve Stock Unearthing Method) is a well-contrasted procedureto estimate and map soil mobilisation and erosion rates. To achieve this goal, using the plant graft union as a biomarkerconducting in situ topographical measurements along perpendicular transects allow us to i) explain key factors related tothe activation of soil erosion processes such as tillage, the age of plantation, parent material or hillslope positions; ii)complete other well-contrasted methods such as RUSLE (Revised Soil Loss Equation), IC (Index of connectivity) orStructure from Motion; and, iii) identify hotspot areas affected by soil depletion, accumulation or mobilisation. In thisconference, we will show how we developed a new improvement of this method in different crops (vineyards, citrus,persimmons or almonds), under different environmental conditions (parent material, vine ages, soil management, or slopeangle) with diverse geomatic procedures (interpolation methods and geostatistical analysis, topographical measurementsand models) using GIS techniques.

scholarly journals Mapping Spatio-Temporal Soil Erosion Patterns in the Candelaro River Basin, Italy, Using the G2 Model with Sentinel2 Imagery

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Karydas ◽  
Ouiza Bouarour ◽  
Pandi Zdruli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This study aims at mapping soil erosion caused by water in the Candelaro river basin, Apulia region, Italy, using the G2 erosion model. The G2 model can provide erosion maps and statistical figures at month-time intervals, by applying non data-demanding alternatives for the estimation of all the erosion factors. In the current research, G2 is taking a step further with the introduction of Sentinel2 satellite images for mapping vegetation retention factor on a fine scale; Sentinel2 is a ready-to-use, image product of high quality, freely available by the European Space Agency. Although only three recent cloud-free Sentinel2 images covering Candelaro were found in the archive, new solutions were elaborated to overcome time-gaps. The study in Candelaro resulted in a mean annual erosion rate of 0.87 t ha−1 y−1, while the autumn months were indicated to be the most erosive ones, with average erosion rates reaching a maximum of 0.12 t ha−1 in September. The mixed agricultural-natural patterns revealed to be the riskiest surfaces for most months of the year, while arable land was the most extensive erosive land cover category. The erosion maps will allow competent authorities to support relevant mitigation measures. Furthermore, the study in Candelaro can play the role of a pilot study for the whole Apulia region, where erosion studies are rather limited.

scholarly journals Tracing erosion rates in loess landscape of the Trzebnica Hills (Poland) over time using fallout and cosmogenic nuclides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Loba ◽  
Jarosław Waroszewski ◽  
Dmitry Tikhomirov ◽  
Fancesca Calitri ◽  
Marcus Christl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Fallout Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Abstract Purpose Loess landscapes are highly susceptible to soil erosion, which affects soil stability and productivity. Erosion is non-linear in time and space and determines whether soils form or degrade. While the spatial variability of erosion is often assessed by either modelling or on-site measurements, temporal trends over decades to millennia are very often lacking. In this study, we determined long- and short-term erosion rates to trace the dynamics of loess deposits in south-western Poland. Materials and methods We quantified long-term (millennial) erosion rates using cosmogenic (in situ 10Be) and short-term (decadal) rates with fallout radionuclides (239+240Pu). Erosion processes were studied in two slope-soil transects (12 soil pits) with variable erosion features. As a reference site, an undisturbed soil profile under natural forest was sampled. Results and discussion The long-term erosion rates ranged between 0.44 and 0.85 t ha−1 year−1, whereas the short-term erosion rates varied from 1.2 to 10.9 t ha−1 year−1 and seem to be reliable. The short-term erosion rates are up to 10 times higher than the long-term rates. The soil erosion rates are quite consistent with the terrain relief, with erosion increasing in the steeper slope sections and decreasing in the lower parts of the slope, while still maintaining high values. Conclusions Soil erosion rates have increased during the last few decades owing to agriculture intensification and probably climate change. The measured values lie far above tolerable erosion rates, and the soils were found to be strongly imbalanced and exhibit a drastic shallowing of the productive soils horizons.

Implementation of soft hydraulic conservation measures: are we done with soil erosion?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Cerdan ◽  
Valentin Landemaine ◽  
Rosalie Vandromme ◽  
Thomas Grangeon
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
World War ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Conservation Measures

<p>Numerous studies worldwide have reported a dramatic increase in soil erosion rates following the development of agriculture. In Western Europe, food security issues led to an intensification of agricultural practices after World War II. A profound modification of the landscapes was operated that translated into an increase in hydrosedimentary connectivity and a decrease in soil cover in winter. Related on-site soil degradation and off site societal and environmental detrimental effects rapidly started to call for the implementation of conservation measures. Since 2000, the French water agencies, through the European water framework directives, started to fund the implementation of soft hydraulic conservation measures, such as vegetated filter strips or linear vegetation barriers. These measures have the advantage to be easily implemented and to be visible in the landscape without compromising the intensive agriculture production system. After twenty years of funding of soft hydraulic conservation measures, soil erosion is still an issue. Are these solutions just a plaster on a wooden leg or are they really effective? Recent efforts consisting in catchment scale monitoring programs and modelling exercise tend to show that soft hydraulic conservation measures may be usefull for local mitigation actions but may have a limited impact in terms of floods and muddy floods. On the basis of simulation exercises in contrasting environments we will discuss the advantages and limitations of such measures.</p>

scholarly journals A Global Sand Budget—A Discussion of Sand Generation, Use and Destruction. Are We Running Out of Sand?

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2009) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Robert C. Laudon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Human Usage ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource ◽  
General Concern

Recent articles on soil erosion sound the alarm regarding the large amount soil that is being lost due to modern agricultural practices, and there is a general concern that we may be destroying our sand and soil resources at rates that greatly exceed generation and preservation rates. There is also a general concern in the sand and aggregate industry as to whether sand is a renewable natural resource. The paper is unique and important to soil science as well as geology because it pulls together data from diverse sources in an attempt to summarize global rates of sand and soil generation from parent material, rates of sand consumption by humans, and rates of sand loss to humans through erosion and transportation to the oceans. While there is considerable literature on rates of soil erosion, there is remarkably little literature on rates of sand or soil generation from parent materials. Where rate numbers were found they were commonly local, and not global. They were commonly highly variable, and many conversions were required to put them in common, global units. Through a number of assumptions and calculations, the following conclusions have been made for global sand rates. (1) Sand is being generated from primordial granites at rates estimated at 1.6 billion tons/year. (2) Sand is being generated from soils at rates that range between 0.06 and 450 billion tons/year globally with an average of the most reasonable sources at 5.0 billion tons/year. (3) Sand today, through erosion and natural causes, is lost to the oceans at rates estimated at 4.8 billion tons/year. (4) Modern erosion rates are considered to be an order of magnitude greater than pre-human erosion rates, or about 0.5 billion tons/year. (5) Construction grade sand is currently mined at approximately 4.5 billion tons/year and industrial grade sand is consumed at about 0.2 billion tons/year for a total human usage estimated at 4.7 billion tons/year. Thus, total sand consumption by humans is slightly less than global generation rates, and an argument can be made that sand is a renewable natural resource. However, if modern rates of erosion and loss to the oceans are considered, then we are losing considerable ground with regard to total sand and soil availability.

Increasing Productivity Of Vegetables Through Front-line Demonstrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Suman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Climate Parameter ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽  
The Relationship

The highest yield (420 kg/ha) was recorded in the year 2011-12. In Front-Line Demonstration, it was 27.27 percent more over the farmers practice (320 kg/ha), however, the lowest yield (350 kg/ha) was recorded in the year 2010-11 under Front-Line Demonstration and 310 kg/ha in farmers' practice. Increase in the yield (27.27%) under Front-Line Demonstration over farmers practice was obtained during the year 2011-12. The variation in the percent increase in the yield was found due to variation in agro climate parameter under rainfed condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the Front- LineDemonstration programme was effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved / recommended practices of High Yielding Varieties of peas included adoption. This also improved the relationship between farmers and scientist and built confidence between them.

Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of Paddy through Front Line Demonstrations in Irrigated Agro Ecosystem of Kaymore Platue and Satpura Hills

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DHANANJAI SINGH ◽  
A.K. PATEL ◽  
S.K. SINGH ◽  
M.S. BAGHEL
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽  
Improved Technology

Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down Front Line Demonstration in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12 introducing new, high yielding and scented variety “Pusa Sugandha-3” and applying scientific practices in their cultivation. The FLDs were carried out in village “Dainiha” of Sidhi district in supervision of KVK scientist. The productivity and economic returns of paddy in improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local check). Improved practices recorded higher yield as compared to farmer's practices. The improved technology recorded higher yield of 30.83 q/ha and 32.65 q/ha in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively than 22.13 and 24.21 q/ha. The average yield increase was observed 37.15 per cent. In spite of increase in yield of paddy, technology gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return (37020 and 39180 Rs./ha), net return (16820 and 18920 Rs./ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (1.83 and 1.93) as compared to farmer's practices. The variation in per cent increase in the yield was found due to the poor management practices, lack of knowledge and poor socio economic condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the FLDs programmes were effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved package and practices of HYV of paddy adoption.

scholarly journals Soil erosion by snow gliding – a first quantification attempt in a subalpine area in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3763-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meusburger ◽  
G. Leitinger ◽  
L. Mabit ◽  
M. H. Mueller ◽  
A. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow processes might be one important driver of soil erosion in Alpine grasslands and thus the unknown variable when erosion modelling is attempted. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as a soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a subalpine area in Switzerland. We used three different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: sediment yield measurements in snow glide depositions, the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and modelling with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE permits the evaluation of soil loss by water erosion, the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved, and the measurement of snow glide deposition sediment yield can be directly related to snow-glide-induced erosion. Further, cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter of 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area and long-term average winter precipitation (1959–2010) with the spatial snow glide model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance confirmed the presence of snow gliding and ranged from 2 to 189 cm, with lower values on the north-facing slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected and ongoing land use changes in the Alps. Snow glide erosion estimated from the snow glide depositions was highly variable with values ranging from 0.03 to 22.9 t ha−1 yr−1 in the winter of 2012/2013. For sites affected by snow glide deposition, a mean erosion rate of 8.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was found. The difference in long-term erosion rates determined with RUSLE and 137Cs confirms the constant influence of snow-glide-induced erosion, since a large difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for sites with high snow glide rates and vice versa. Moreover, the difference between RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was related to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.005) and to the snow deposition sediment yields (R2 = 0.39; p = 0.13). The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values under different land uses and land cover types. The resulting map highlighted the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding appears to be a crucial and non-negligible process impacting soil erosion patterns and magnitude in subalpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Analyzing Regional Geographic Challenges: The Resilience of Chinese Vineyards to Land Degradation Using a Societal and Biophysical Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Vineyard Soil

Land degradation, especially soil erosion, is a societal issue that affects vineyards worldwide, but there are no current investigations that inform specifically about soil erosion rates in Chinese vineyards. In this review, we analyze this problem and the need to avoid irreversible damage to soil and their use from a regional point of view. Information about soil erosion in vineyards has often failed to reach farmers, and we can affirm that to this time, soil erosion in Chinese vineyards has been more of a scientific hypothesis than an agronomic or environmental concern. Two hypotheses can be presented to justify this review: (i) there are no official and scientific investigations on vineyard soil erosion in China as the main topic, and it may be understood that stakeholders do not care about this or (ii) there is a significant lack of information and motivation among farmers, policymakers and wineries concerning the consequences of soil erosion. Therefore, this review proposes a plan to study vineyard soil erosion processes for the first time in China and develop a structured scientific proposal considering different techniques and strategies. To achieve these goals, we present a plan considering previous research on other viticultural regions. We hypothesize that the results of a project from a regional geographic point of view would provide the necessary scientific support to facilitate deriving guidelines for sustainable vineyard development in China. We concluded that after completing this review, we cannot affirm why vine plantations have not received the same attention as other crops or land uses.

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