scholarly journals A study of the efficacy of various home filtration substrates in the removal of microcystin-LR from drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek B. Pawlowicz ◽  
James E. Evans ◽  
David R. Johnson ◽  
Robert G. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Universal Filter ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Pass Through

This study was conducted to determine whether common water filtration and purification systems bought by consumers and used in the home would remove cyanotoxins from water. Commonly used universal filter housings and filter sizes were utilized to identify filter media that may be effective in the removal of microcystin-LR in deionized water. Results suggest that the efficacy of home filtration devices in removing microcystin-LR varies considerably with the type of device being used. Carbon filters successfully removed microcystin-LR allowing only 0.05–0.3% of the toxin load to pass through the filter. On the other hand, pleated paper and string wound filters allowed >90% of microcystin-LR present in the sample to pass through the filters. Theoretically, the use of carbon home filtration devices tested in this study may provide protection against human exposure to cyanotoxin in addition to protection provided by water treatment methodologies utilized in water treatment facilities. Further studies need to be done to assess the efficacy of home filtration devices for various cyanotoxins and for other filtering conditions such as increased toxin load, the presence of other contaminants in drinking water, and the repetitive use of the same filter over longer time intervals.

Enhanced effectiveness of medium-pressure ultraviolet lamps on human adenovirus 2 and its possible mechanism

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwy-Am Shin ◽  
Jung-Keun Lee ◽  
Karl G. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Medium Pressure ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Uv Technology

There has been growing concern over human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water due to their apparent high resistance to UV irradiation and the anticipated widespread use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in drinking water treatment processes. However, most inactivation studies on adenoviruses were performed using only one type of UV technology—low-pressure (LP) UV, and little is known about the effectiveness of different UV technologies such as medium- pressure (MP) UV or other polychromatic UV technologies. In this work, the kinetics and extent of inactivation of a human adenovirus (adenovirus 2 (Ad2)) by both monochromatic LP and polychromatic MP UV were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these UV technologies on human adenoviruses. Inactivation of Ad2 by LP UV was very slow and only 0.87 and 2.17 log10 inactivation was achieved with UV doses of 30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively. However, inactivation of Ad2 by MP UV was much faster and 2.19 and 5.36 log10 inactivation was observed with the same UV doses (30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively). It appears that MP UV is more effective against Ad2 than LP UV and the enhanced effectiveness of MP UV on Ad2 is likely due to its ability to inhibit the repair process in UV-irradiated Ad2.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FROM SURFACE SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Victor Khoruzhy ◽  
Tetіana Khomutetska ◽  
Igor Nedashkovskіy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Supply Systems

Surface water bodies, which are sources of drinking water supply, receive a significant amount of pollution from wastewater. This negatively affects the ecological condition of water resources and poses a threat to the health and sanitary well-being of the population. The main pollutants of surface sources are: sewage of economic-fecal and industrial sewage, which contain organic pollutants, surfactants, heavy metal ions; oil products coming from industrial sites and urban areas; effluents from livestock farms and storage ponds of production waste; washing of mineral fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural lands. Adjustment of surface springs additionally affects the deterioration of water quality in them. Therefore, existing water treatment technologies may not always provide the required degree of drinking water purification. According to monitoring studies, more than 38% of water samples taken at centralized water supply facilities did not meet regulatory requirements. This situation encourages the search for ways that would create conditions for more efficient operation of water supply systems. Modernization of existing water supply facilities and application of new water treatment technologies can help solve the problem. The article illustrates constructive schemes of shore and channel water intake and treatment facilities, the use of which makes it possible to reduce the dirt retention load on the main treatment facilities, increase the reliability of fish fry protection and improve the ecological condition of reservoirs at water intake sites. For effective removal of organic matter at water treatment plants, it is advisable to use bioreactors and contact-clarifying filters. Such solutions allow not only to increase the productivity of the water treatment plant, but also significantly reduce its construction cost, simplify the operation of facilities and reduce annual operating costs.

Behavior of NDMA precursors at 21 full-scale water treatment facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1966-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Krasner ◽  
Paul Westerhoff ◽  
William A. Mitch ◽  
David Hanigan ◽  
Daniel L. McCurry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Water Plants

A source-to-tap evaluation of the origin and fate of chloramination N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors at 21 full-scale drinking water plants was conducted.

Методы дохлорирования воды на протяженных участках водоводов г. Новокузнецка

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dobrynina ◽  
O. Karkanitsa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
Engineer Department ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Согласно СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01, перед подачей воды в распределительную сеть содержание остаточного свободного хлора должно составлять от 0,3 до 0,5 мг/л, остаточного связанного хлора от 0,8 до 1,2 мг/л в распределительной сети содержание остаточного свободного хлора не нормируется, но качество питьевой воды должно быть безопасным в эпидемическом отношении. Для решения этой задачи специалистами отдела главного технолога ООО Водоканал были изучены технологии дополнительного хлорирования в системе транспортирования воды на одном или нескольких этапах и хлораммонизации на водоочистных сооружениях. Установлено, что хлораммонизация обеспечивает пролонгированное действие хлора в воде и предотвращение образования канцерогенных веществ. Однако после введения аммиака во всех анализируемых пробах появлялся нехарактерный запах и привкус (аптечный, лекарственный). Также экспериментально доказано, что при хлораммонизации летом в жаркий период и при нестандартном запахе плесени в реке аммонизация не предотвращает и не снижает интенсивность постороннего запаха и привкуса в питьевой воде. Изучены разные технологии дополнительного хлорирования в системе транспортирования воды и рекомендовано локальное дохлорирование питьевой воды методом мембранного электролиза.According to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, while supplying water to the distribution network, the concentration of residual free chlorine in it should be from 0.3 to 0.5 mg/l, and that of residual combined chlorine from 0.8 to 1.2 mg/l in the distribution network, the concentration of residual free chlorine is not regulated however, the quality of drinking water should be epidemically safe. To address this problem, the specialists of the chief process engineer department at Vodokanal LLC studied the technologies of supplementary chlorination in the water transportation system at one or several stages, and of chlorammoniation at the water treatment facilities. It has been established that chlorammoniation provides for a prolonged action of chlorine in water and prevents the formation of carcinogens. However, after the introduction of ammonia, a foreign odor and aftertaste (pharmaceutical, medicinal) appeared in all analyzed samples. It was experimentally proved that during chlorammoniation in summer during hot periods and with the presence of foreign moldy odor in the river water, ammoniation did not either prevent or reduce the intensity of foreign odor and aftertaste in drinking water. Various technologies of supplementary chlorination in the water transportation system were studied and local supplementary chlorination of drinking water by membrane electrolysis was recommended.

Drinking water treatment plant assessment through performance indicators

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vieira ◽  
H. Alegre ◽  
M. J. Rosa ◽  
H. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Definition Of

Performance assessment (PA) of urban infrastructure services, mainly in the case of water systems, is becoming a major issue worldwide. Therefore, in the last decade, the need for a clear definition of management objectives of water services and the subsequent need to monitor goals achievement have led to the development of some initiatives to tackle the evaluation of the efficiency of those services, their main aim being the definition of systems of performance indicators. However, these PA systems are strongly oriented by a management/economic perspective and technical aspects have often been ignored. In addition, none of them has specifically addressed the drinking water treatment. This paper presents a proposal for a PI system that applies to drinking water treatment facilities as a part of a standardised methodology for performance assessment. In total, ca. 80 PI have been defined and classified according to seven evaluation domains, namely: treated water quality; plant reliability; use of natural resources and raw materials; by-products management; safety; human resources; and, economical and financial resources.

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