scholarly journals Enterococci as a key parameter for water quality index: Purires River, Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017
Author(s):  
Luz Chacón ◽  
Víctor Arias ◽  
Kenia Barrantes ◽  
Wilson Beita-Sandí ◽  
Liliana Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract This study used the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWI) to characterize water sampled at three points within the Purires River micro basin, Costa Rica. The first sampling point is located in a high zone with domestic agricultural activities, the second point around the mid-point of the flow of the river, and the third point at the lowest zone with extensive agricultural activities mainly centered on the production of fresh vegetables. Eleven physicochemical parameters (As, Cd, Cr, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+, NO3−, Pb, pH, percent saturation of dissolved oxygen (PSO), and total suspended solids (TSS)) and two microbiological parameters (fecal coliforms and enterococci) were evaluated. We evaluated three different Canadian Water Quality Indexes (CWIs): CWI-1 included only physicochemical parameters, CWI-2 included CWI-1 parameters plus fecal coliforms, and CWI-3 included CWI-2 in addition to enterococci. Statistical analysis of individual parameters showed significant differences between sampling sites. CWI-1 was unable to discriminate between the three sampling points, and characterized the water quality as ‘fair’. CWI-2 was only able to discriminate when the water contained high levels of chemical and microbiological contaminants, while CWI-3 adequately discriminated water quality at each of the sampling points. The evaluation of enterococci together with more traditional water quality parameters enabled better categorization of surface water quality.

scholarly journals Lower Danube Water Quality Quantified through WQI and Multivariate Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Iticescu ◽  
Lucian P. Georgescu ◽  
Gabriel Murariu ◽  
Catalina Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Index Method

The aim of the present paper is to quantify water quality in the Lower Danube Region by using a series of multivariate techniques and the Water Quality Index (WQI). In this paper were measured 18 parameters upstream and downstream the city of Galati along the Danube River, namely: pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), N-NH4+, N-NO2−, N-NO3−, N total, P-PO43−, SO42−, Cl−, Fe-total, Cr-total, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, As2+, in the interval winter 2013–winter 2016. The samples were either analyzed on the field, or sent for testing to the laboratory. The physicochemical parameters mentioned above were analyzed in accordance with the Romanian and International standards in force. The WQI was calculated according to Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method. The interdependencies between the selected physicochemical parameters were used for determining potential sources of pollution. Monitoring water quality dynamics in the period mentioned above favoured a series of relevant conclusions about the anthropic influence on water quality. Water quality was assessed by processing the measurements results, by calculating the water quality index (WQI), and by using the principal component analyses (PCA) and the response surface method (RSM) with the aim of correlating the indices for the physico-chemical parameters.

Developing a water quality index in a tropical reservoir using a measure of multiparameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Quevedo-Castro ◽  
Jesús G. Rangel-Peraza ◽  
Erick Bandala ◽  
Leonel Amabilis-Sosa ◽  
Abraham Rodríguez-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Tropical Reservoir

Abstract A water quality index (WQI) for the Adolfo López Mateos Dam (ALMD) was developed based on statistical multiparameter tools assisted with linear programming. ALMD was selected due to its social and economic significance in Sinaloa, the state with the highest agricultural production in Mexico. Twenty-six water-quality parameters were analyzed for four sampling points distributed along the dam during 2012–2017. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation matrix, principal components analysis (PCA) and sensitivity analysis (SA). Results indicated that variables explaining spatial and temporal water quality distribution at ALMD were total suspended solids, fecal coliforms, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate nitrogen, organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates and chlorophyll a. A series of pondering weights (Wi) were obtained from the PCA analysis. Every Wi was multiplied by the probability function of the specific parameter (SIi) to generate the WQIALMD model. The model was applied to address water quality at ALMD which describes the general overall water quality in the dam as ‘good’. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for the model showed that the most sensitive WQI variables were: fecal coliforms, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and chlorophyll a.

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Air Laut di Area Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya di Selat Madura (Quality Analysis of the Saltwater in West Surabaya Fairway in Madura Strait)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ririn Endah Badriani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Do Concentration

AbstractPelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya merupakan pelabuhan terbesar di kawasan Indonesia bagian timur. PT PELINDO III melakukan pengembangan Arus Pelayaran Barat Surabaya (APBS). Akibatnya aktivitas sekitar APBS meningkat yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran di perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan kualitas air berdasarkan baku mutu biota laut dan indek kualitas air di sekitar APBS. Indeks kualitas air yang digunakan adalah Indeks Pencemaran (IP) dan National Sanitation Federation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar APBS dan lokasi pembuangan material keruk mengalami penurunan kualitas air laut dengan beberapa parameter tidak memenuhi baku mutu yaitu TSS 30 mg/l (ST 1), kekeruhan 19 NTU (ST 1), nitrat (0,7 mg/l di ST1dan 0,5 mg/l di ST2) dan di semua titik sampling diperoleh kadar DO (3 mg/l), fosfat 0,02 – 0,6 mg/L dan kecerahan (0,55 - 1.70 m). Indeks kualitas air di sekitar APBS dan lokasi pembuangan material keruk dengan metode IP dihasilkan tercemar sedang (ST 1, S2 dan ST 4 ) dan tercemar ringan (ST 3, ST 5 dan ST 6). Nilai kualitas perairan berdasarkan NSF WQI diperoleh dua kategori yaitu baik ( ST 3, ST 4, ST 5) dan sedang (ST 1, ST 2 dan ST 6).Keywords: aktivitas sekitar APBS, kualitas air, indeks pencemaran, NSF WQI AbstrakTanjung Perak Surabaya is the biggest harbor in the Eastern part of Indonesia. PT Pelindo III implemented the development of the eastern fairway Surabaya (APBS). Consequently, the activities arround them increased. It had potential to cause water polllution. This study is aim to determine the water quality based on standart quality of marine biota and the index of water quality arround APBS. Index of water quality are pollution index (IP) and National Sanitation Federation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). The result of the study showed that the water harbor arround APBS and the location of dreging material were decreasing in the term of the quaity of the saltwater . The quality of saltwater did not reach the standart quality, which was TSS 30 mg/l (ST 1), the turbidity of 19 NTU (ST 1), nitrate (0.7 mg / l in ST1dan 0.5 mg / l in ST2) and at all sampling points obtained DO concentration (3 mg / l), phosphate from 0.02 to 0.6 mg / L and brightness (from 0.55 to 1.70 m) .Index of water quality arround APBS and dregging material disposal site that was used IP method was medium polluted (ST 1, S2 and ST 4) and lightly polluted (ST 3, ST 5 and ST 6). Values of water quality by NSF WQI obtained two categories: good (ST 3, ST 4, ST 5) and medium (ST 1, ST 2 and ST 6).Kata kunci: the activities arround APBS, water qualiy, pollution index, NSF WQI

scholarly journals Application of artificial neural network (ANN) for water quality index (WQI) prediction for the river Warta, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
M Kulisz ◽  
J Kujawska
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Neural Network Modelling

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the potential of using neural network modelling for the prediction of the surface water quality index (WQI). An artificial neural network modelling has been performed using the physicochemical parameters (TDS, chloride, TH, nitrate, and manganese) as an input layer to the model, and the WQI as an output layer. The physicochemical parameters have been taken from five measuring stations of the river Warta in the years 2014-2018 via the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ). The best results of modelling were obtained for networks with 5 neurons in the hidden layer. A high correlation coefficient (general and within subsets) 0.9792, low level of MSE in each subset (training, test, validation), as well as RMSE at a level of 0.624507639 serve as a confirmation. Additionally, the maximum percentage of an error for WQI value did not exceed 4%, which confirms a high level of conformity of real data in comparison to those obtained during prediction. The aforementioned results clearly present that the ANN models are effective for the prediction of the value of the Surface water quality index and may be regarded as adequate for application in simulation by units monitoring condition of the environment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY INDEX OF THE NEGRO AND RESENDE RIVERS IN DUAS BARRAS DISTRICT, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL) / ANÁLISE DO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS DOS RIOS NEGRO E RESENDE NO DISTRITO SEDE DE DUAS BARRAS, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRASIL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Isabella Robert Rodrigues ◽  
Mauro César Geraldes ◽  
Andréa Alves Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão ◽  
Sérgio Vieira Anversa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

In Brazil, about 49% of the population does not have access to the sewage collection network, with the consequent direct discharge of their sewage network into water bodies. Due to this scenario, it is essential to investigate the quality of the water consumed by thousands of people along the Negro and Resende Rivers. The present study analysis the waters of the Negro and Resende rivers, located in Dois Rios River Basin, in the municipality of Duas Barras, Rio de Janeiro State (RJ, SE Brazil), based on the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (United States). The population of the district located in the municipality of Duas Barras dumps the domestic sewage directly into the hydrographic network. The analyzed parameters were: turbidity, total solid residue, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), hydrogenation potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen and thermotolerant coliforms. The values obtained from the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) showed a variation from 40 to 68, meaning that the quality of water vary between bad and acceptable in the study area. The samples collected in the urban area contained values for thermotolerant coliforms in disagreement with the maximum value permissible for classes 2 and 3 of fresh water by CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente; a Brazilian Council for the Environment) Resolution 357/2005. The results of the analyzes confirmed the contamination of the two rivers by the discharge of domestic effluents, showing that actions are necessary to eliminate or minimize the discharge of sewage in the surveyed water bodies, since it may cause public health risks. ResumoNo Brasil, cerca de 49% da população não possui acesso à rede de coleta de esgoto, com o consequente despejo direto da sua rede de esgotos em corpos hídricos. Diante deste cenário, torna-se indispensável investigar a qualidade da água consumida por milhares de pessoas ao longo dos rios Negro e Resende. A presente pesquisa analisou qualitativamente as águas dos rios Negro e Resende, localizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Dois Rios, no município de Duas Barras/RJ, a partir do índice de qualidade das águas proposto pela National Sanitation Foundation. A população do distrito sede do município de Duas Barras despeja o esgoto doméstico diretamente na referida rede hidrográfica. Os parâmetros analisados foram: turbidez, resíduo sólido total, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, potencial hidrogêniônico, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes termotolerantes. Os valores obtidos no cálculo do índice de qualidade das águas (IQA) mostraram uma variação de 40 a 68, significando uma qualidade da água entre ruim e razoável. As amostras coletadas na área urbana apresentaram valores para coliformes termotolerantes em desacordo com o valor máximo permitido para classes 2 e 3 de água doce, regulamentados pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. O resultado das análises confirmou a contaminação dos dois rios pelo lançamento de efluentes domésticos, os quais poderão originar riscos de saúde pública. Os resultado evidenciam a necessidade de se desenvolverem ações para eliminar ou minimizar os despejos de esgotos nos referidos corpos hídricos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality of the Titas River Using NSF Water Quality Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Islam ◽  
T. Rasul ◽  
J. Bin Alam ◽  
M. A. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

The Titas River, a trans-boundary river of Bangladesh flows almost the entire Brahmanbaria district, consumes a huge amount of sewage, agricultural discharges and runoff, waste produced from human excreta, discharges of two oil mills and contaminants from other minor sources. A study is conducted to find the water quality status of the river during the period from July 2008 to June 2009 and by using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water quality index, the probable use of this water is predicted. This work consists of laboratory tests for the evaluation of some water quality parameters of the Titas and to identify its probable use in various purposes. The results of the laboratory tests and NSF water quality index suggest that the water can be used for recreation, pisciculture and irrigation purposes but requires treatment before using for drinking.Keywords: Water pollution; Faecal coliform; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 151-159 (2011)

scholarly journals ANALISIS BEBAN PENCEMARAN DAN INDEKS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI SILANDAK DAN SUNGAI SIANGKER, SEMARANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Tyas Lufiana ◽  
Haeruddin Haeruddin ◽  
Churun Ain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Sampling Points

ABSTRAKSungai Silandak dan Singker merupakan sungai penting dalam sistem drainase Semarang Barat.Sungai tersebut telah dialiri limbah industri dan limbah domestik yang berasal dari pemukiman warga sekitar. Adanya masukan limbah industri dan domestik akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air sungai seperti peningkatan unsur hara yang dapat menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui beban pencemaran (TSS, Nitrat, Fosfat) yang akan bermuara ke Teluk Semarang serta mengkaji status pencemaran berdasarkan metode Indeks Kualitas Air pada Sungai Silandak dan Sungai Siangker. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah contoh air yang diambil pada bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir.Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei, teknik penentuan lokasi sampling bersifat purposive pada 6 titik lokasi sempling.Contoh air diambil menggunakan metode komposit sebanyak 500 ml pada pagi dan sore hari dengan interval waktu 1 minggu. Hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan analisis beban pencemaran yang berasal dari Sungai Silandak yaitu TSS 838,31 mg/detik, nitrat 5,44 mg/detik dan fosfat 5,08 mg/detik dan Sungai Siangker TSS 417,76 mg/detik, nitrat 4,18 mg/detik dan fosfat 3,42 mg/detik. Kualitas air Sungai Silandak bagian hulu, tegah dan hilir secara berturut-turut termasuk dalam kelas tercemar berat, tercemar sedang dan tercemar sangat berat. Sedangkan kualitas air Sungai Siangker bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir secara berturut-turut termasuk dalam kelas tercemar berat, tercemar berat dan tercemar sangat berat. Kata kunci: Beban Pencemaran, Indeks Kualitas Air, Sungai Silandak, Sungai Siangker ABSTRACTSilandak and Siangker were the important rivers in drainage system on West Semarang. The rivers drained industrial and the domestic waste from around the residential. The industrial and domestic wastes influenced the quality of the waters as the improvement of nutriens that made eutrophication. The purpose of this study was to know the pollution load (TSS, nitrate, phosphate) that flew to bay of Semarang and to review status of pollution from Silandak and Siangker rivers based on the Water Quality Index. Samples of water from Silandak and Siangker rives were taken from the upstream, midstream and downstream. The method used in this study a purposive sampling method to determine on 6 sampling points. Water samples were taken 500 ml by composite in the morning and afternoon in a week. The ammount of pollution load from Silandak river was TSS 838.31 mg/second, nitrate 5.44 mg/second and phosphate 5.08 mg/second and the ammount from Siangker river was TSS 417.76 mg/second, nitrate 4.18 mg/second and phosphate 3.42 mg/second. The water quality of Silandak river from the upstream, midstream and downstream in a row classified as heavily polluted, moderately polluted and very heavily polluted class while Siangker river from the upstream, midstresm and downstream rin a row classified heavily polluted, heavily polluted and very heavily polluted class. Key word:Pollution Load, Water Quality Index, Silandak River, Siangker River

scholarly journals Assessment of Anwai river water quality using the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-922
Author(s):  
Kate Isioma Iloba ◽  
Nelson Owese Akawo ◽  
Perry Irouoghene Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic

The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to assess the water quality of anthropogenically-laden Anwai-river within the Asaba-capital territory of Delta State, Nigeria, in Stations 1(Otulu), 2(Isele- asagba) and 3(Anwai-Asaba) using pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, phosphates, nitrates, total hardness (TH) and coliforms, to determine its water quality status and its suitability for humans and aquatic biota. Aside from TDS, turbidity, and TH, other parameters such as pH (5.3-8.2), DO (2.0-2.8 mg/L), BOD (1.02-2.4 mg/L), EC (110-113 µS/cm), turbidity(2.3-5.2 NTU), TDS (8.0-16.0 mg/L), TH (30-62 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-0.28 mg/L), nitrates (0.05-0.27 mg/L) and Coliform (25.75-45.5 cfu/ml) indicated non-significant variableness (p>0.05) between Stations. Water depth, TDS, turbidity, TH, phosphate, nitrate and total coliform were significant contributors to the Anwai-river's water quality by Principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component (PC1) exhibited 94.1% variance and a 0.1860 loading factor, while the second showed 5.9% variance and 0.0117 loading factor implying depth, flooding, excessive human activities and sewage disposal as important contaminants. Although the individual physiochemical-based water qualities were below the WHO recommended drinking water values translated into poor water quality by the weighted arithmetic water quality index at the three Stations; 86.83, 75.02 and 81.27 in Station's 1, 2 and 3 respectively, correspondingly poor to very poor based on Water quality index. The water of Anwai-river is a serious health threat to humans and aquatic organisms and thus, it should not be utilized untreated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document