Developing a water quality index in a tropical reservoir using a measure of multiparameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Quevedo-Castro ◽  
Jesús G. Rangel-Peraza ◽  
Erick Bandala ◽  
Leonel Amabilis-Sosa ◽  
Abraham Rodríguez-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Tropical Reservoir

Abstract A water quality index (WQI) for the Adolfo López Mateos Dam (ALMD) was developed based on statistical multiparameter tools assisted with linear programming. ALMD was selected due to its social and economic significance in Sinaloa, the state with the highest agricultural production in Mexico. Twenty-six water-quality parameters were analyzed for four sampling points distributed along the dam during 2012–2017. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation matrix, principal components analysis (PCA) and sensitivity analysis (SA). Results indicated that variables explaining spatial and temporal water quality distribution at ALMD were total suspended solids, fecal coliforms, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate nitrogen, organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates and chlorophyll a. A series of pondering weights (Wi) were obtained from the PCA analysis. Every Wi was multiplied by the probability function of the specific parameter (SIi) to generate the WQIALMD model. The model was applied to address water quality at ALMD which describes the general overall water quality in the dam as ‘good’. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for the model showed that the most sensitive WQI variables were: fecal coliforms, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and chlorophyll a.

scholarly journals Enterococci as a key parameter for water quality index: Purires River, Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017
Author(s):  
Luz Chacón ◽  
Víctor Arias ◽  
Kenia Barrantes ◽  
Wilson Beita-Sandí ◽  
Liliana Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract This study used the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWI) to characterize water sampled at three points within the Purires River micro basin, Costa Rica. The first sampling point is located in a high zone with domestic agricultural activities, the second point around the mid-point of the flow of the river, and the third point at the lowest zone with extensive agricultural activities mainly centered on the production of fresh vegetables. Eleven physicochemical parameters (As, Cd, Cr, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+, NO3−, Pb, pH, percent saturation of dissolved oxygen (PSO), and total suspended solids (TSS)) and two microbiological parameters (fecal coliforms and enterococci) were evaluated. We evaluated three different Canadian Water Quality Indexes (CWIs): CWI-1 included only physicochemical parameters, CWI-2 included CWI-1 parameters plus fecal coliforms, and CWI-3 included CWI-2 in addition to enterococci. Statistical analysis of individual parameters showed significant differences between sampling sites. CWI-1 was unable to discriminate between the three sampling points, and characterized the water quality as ‘fair’. CWI-2 was only able to discriminate when the water contained high levels of chemical and microbiological contaminants, while CWI-3 adequately discriminated water quality at each of the sampling points. The evaluation of enterococci together with more traditional water quality parameters enabled better categorization of surface water quality.

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Tributaries of Batang Baleh in Sarawak Using Cluster Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Teck-Yee Ling ◽  
Chen-Lin Soo ◽  
Teresa-Lee-Eng Heng ◽  
Lee Nyanti ◽  
Siong-Fong Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Assessment of river water quality is essential as it provides the knowledge required to make informed decisions. Therefore, water quality was determined at 15 tributary stations located along the Batang Baleh, Sarawak. Results of the study indicate that all tributaries were well-aerated (≈ 7.7 mg/L) with pH (≈ 7.3) and conductivity (≈ 37.3 μS/cm) values falling within acceptable ranges. However, there were tributaries that showed very high turbidity (> 1000 NTU) and suspended solids (> 800 mg/L) which were contributed by the soil erosion from logging activities in the watershed. Tributary stations associated with logging activities also showed significantly higher total phosphorus and organic nitrogen. Cluster analysis demonstrated that water quality at tributary stations along the Batang Baleh exhibited a longitudinal variation from upstream to downstream regions, particularly, dissolved oxygen, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, and nitrite-nitrate nitrogen, which were found higher in upstream region and steadily decreased towards the downstream region. Two stations located at Sg. Serani and Sg. Melatai were distinct from the other stations with the highest concentrations of turbidity, total suspended solids, organic nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Thus, there is an urgent need to reduce the pollutants in the tributaries of Batang Baleh for the health of the sensitive aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Influence of urban area on the water quality of the Campo River basin, Paraná State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Q. Carvalho ◽  
S. B. Lima ◽  
F. H. Passig ◽  
L. K. Gusmão ◽  
D. C. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Public ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The Campo River basin is located on the third plateau of the Paraná State or trap plateau of Paraná, at the middle portion between the rivers Ivaí and Piquiri, southern Brazil, between the coordinates 23° 53 and 24° 10’ South Latitude and 52° 15’ and 52° 31’ West Longitude. The basin has 384 Km² area, being 247 km2 in the municipality of Campo Mourão and 137 km2 in the municipality of Peabiru, in Paraná State. The Campo River is a left bank tributary of the Mourão River, which flows into the Ivaí River. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Km 119 River and the Campo River, tributaries of the Mourão River, with monthly collection of water samples to determine pH, temperature, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, total solids, total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and total phosphorus. The results obtained were compared with the indices established by the environmental legislation and applied in the determination of the Water Quality Index (WQI) used by the Water Institute of Paraná State, regulating environmental agency. Poor water quality in these rivers presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the public system. Results of organic matter, fecal coliforms and total phosphorus were higher than the limits established by Resolution CONAMA 357/2005 to river class 2, specially at downstream of the Km 119 River and the Campo River, due to the significant influence of the urban anthropic activity by the lack of tertiary treatment and also rural by the lack of basic sanitation in this area. Results of WQI of Km 119 River and do Campo River indicated that water quality can be classified as average in 71% and good in 29% of the sites evaluated.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY INDEX OF THE NEGRO AND RESENDE RIVERS IN DUAS BARRAS DISTRICT, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL) / ANÁLISE DO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS DOS RIOS NEGRO E RESENDE NO DISTRITO SEDE DE DUAS BARRAS, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRASIL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Isabella Robert Rodrigues ◽  
Mauro César Geraldes ◽  
Andréa Alves Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão ◽  
Sérgio Vieira Anversa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

In Brazil, about 49% of the population does not have access to the sewage collection network, with the consequent direct discharge of their sewage network into water bodies. Due to this scenario, it is essential to investigate the quality of the water consumed by thousands of people along the Negro and Resende Rivers. The present study analysis the waters of the Negro and Resende rivers, located in Dois Rios River Basin, in the municipality of Duas Barras, Rio de Janeiro State (RJ, SE Brazil), based on the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (United States). The population of the district located in the municipality of Duas Barras dumps the domestic sewage directly into the hydrographic network. The analyzed parameters were: turbidity, total solid residue, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), hydrogenation potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen and thermotolerant coliforms. The values obtained from the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) showed a variation from 40 to 68, meaning that the quality of water vary between bad and acceptable in the study area. The samples collected in the urban area contained values for thermotolerant coliforms in disagreement with the maximum value permissible for classes 2 and 3 of fresh water by CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente; a Brazilian Council for the Environment) Resolution 357/2005. The results of the analyzes confirmed the contamination of the two rivers by the discharge of domestic effluents, showing that actions are necessary to eliminate or minimize the discharge of sewage in the surveyed water bodies, since it may cause public health risks. ResumoNo Brasil, cerca de 49% da população não possui acesso à rede de coleta de esgoto, com o consequente despejo direto da sua rede de esgotos em corpos hídricos. Diante deste cenário, torna-se indispensável investigar a qualidade da água consumida por milhares de pessoas ao longo dos rios Negro e Resende. A presente pesquisa analisou qualitativamente as águas dos rios Negro e Resende, localizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Dois Rios, no município de Duas Barras/RJ, a partir do índice de qualidade das águas proposto pela National Sanitation Foundation. A população do distrito sede do município de Duas Barras despeja o esgoto doméstico diretamente na referida rede hidrográfica. Os parâmetros analisados foram: turbidez, resíduo sólido total, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, potencial hidrogêniônico, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes termotolerantes. Os valores obtidos no cálculo do índice de qualidade das águas (IQA) mostraram uma variação de 40 a 68, significando uma qualidade da água entre ruim e razoável. As amostras coletadas na área urbana apresentaram valores para coliformes termotolerantes em desacordo com o valor máximo permitido para classes 2 e 3 de água doce, regulamentados pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. O resultado das análises confirmou a contaminação dos dois rios pelo lançamento de efluentes domésticos, os quais poderão originar riscos de saúde pública. Os resultado evidenciam a necessidade de se desenvolverem ações para eliminar ou minimizar os despejos de esgotos nos referidos corpos hídricos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality of the Titas River Using NSF Water Quality Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Islam ◽  
T. Rasul ◽  
J. Bin Alam ◽  
M. A. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

The Titas River, a trans-boundary river of Bangladesh flows almost the entire Brahmanbaria district, consumes a huge amount of sewage, agricultural discharges and runoff, waste produced from human excreta, discharges of two oil mills and contaminants from other minor sources. A study is conducted to find the water quality status of the river during the period from July 2008 to June 2009 and by using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water quality index, the probable use of this water is predicted. This work consists of laboratory tests for the evaluation of some water quality parameters of the Titas and to identify its probable use in various purposes. The results of the laboratory tests and NSF water quality index suggest that the water can be used for recreation, pisciculture and irrigation purposes but requires treatment before using for drinking.Keywords: Water pollution; Faecal coliform; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 151-159 (2011)

scholarly journals Assessment of Anwai river water quality using the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-922
Author(s):  
Kate Isioma Iloba ◽  
Nelson Owese Akawo ◽  
Perry Irouoghene Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic

The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to assess the water quality of anthropogenically-laden Anwai-river within the Asaba-capital territory of Delta State, Nigeria, in Stations 1(Otulu), 2(Isele- asagba) and 3(Anwai-Asaba) using pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, phosphates, nitrates, total hardness (TH) and coliforms, to determine its water quality status and its suitability for humans and aquatic biota. Aside from TDS, turbidity, and TH, other parameters such as pH (5.3-8.2), DO (2.0-2.8 mg/L), BOD (1.02-2.4 mg/L), EC (110-113 µS/cm), turbidity(2.3-5.2 NTU), TDS (8.0-16.0 mg/L), TH (30-62 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-0.28 mg/L), nitrates (0.05-0.27 mg/L) and Coliform (25.75-45.5 cfu/ml) indicated non-significant variableness (p>0.05) between Stations. Water depth, TDS, turbidity, TH, phosphate, nitrate and total coliform were significant contributors to the Anwai-river's water quality by Principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component (PC1) exhibited 94.1% variance and a 0.1860 loading factor, while the second showed 5.9% variance and 0.0117 loading factor implying depth, flooding, excessive human activities and sewage disposal as important contaminants. Although the individual physiochemical-based water qualities were below the WHO recommended drinking water values translated into poor water quality by the weighted arithmetic water quality index at the three Stations; 86.83, 75.02 and 81.27 in Station's 1, 2 and 3 respectively, correspondingly poor to very poor based on Water quality index. The water of Anwai-river is a serious health threat to humans and aquatic organisms and thus, it should not be utilized untreated.

A Fuzzy Inference System for Water Quality of Chunnambar River, Puducherry

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nirmala ◽  
K.R. Leelavathy ◽  
Sivapragasam Sowndharya ◽  
Parthiban Bama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Proposed Model

A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is considered as an effective tool for solution of many complex engineering systems when ambiguity and uncertainty is associated with the systems. The water quality is an important issue of relevance in the context of present times. The proposed model is designed to predict Water Quality Index (WQI) for Chunnambar, Ariyankuppam, Puducherry Region, Southern India. A systematic investigation of the pollution level at Chunnambar from March 2013 to February 2014 was carried out. The untreated domestic wastes from various parts of the Ariyankuppam town are directly discharged into the river which leads to increased level of pollution. The present studies emphasis on the magnitude of pollution by monitoring key water quality parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH and Temperature. FIS simplifies and speed up the computation of WQI as compared to the currently existing standards. In this paper, the proposed model is compared with Indian Water Quality Index (IWQI) and it is found that the designed model predicts accurately.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam Using Water Quality Index and Statistical Approaches

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao ◽  
Phan Kim Anh ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
E Coli

The study was conducted to spatiotemporally analyze the quality, location and critical water variables influencing water quality using water monitoring data from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Dong Thap province in 2019. The water quality parameters including turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), ammonium (N-NH4+), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), oil and grease, sulfate (SO42−), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were collected at 58 locations with the frequency of four times per year (February, May, August, and November). These parameters were compared with national technical regulation on surface water quality—QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated and spatially presented by geographical information system (GIS) tool. Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the correlation among water quality parameters, group and reduce the sampling sites, and identify key parameters and potential water pollution sources. The results showed that TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the significant concerns impairing the water quality. Water quality was assessed from poor to medium levels by WQI analysis. CA suggested that the current monitoring locations could be reduced from 58 sites to 43 sites which can be saved the total monitoring budget up to 25.85%. PCA showed that temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, TN, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the key water parameters influencing water quality in Dong Thap province’s canals and rivers; thus, these parameters should be monitored annually. The water pollution sources were possibly hydrological conditions, water runoff, riverbank erosion, domestic and urban activities, and industrial and agricultural discharges. Significantly, the municipal and agricultural wastes could be decisive factors to the change of surface water quality in the study area. Further studies need to focus on identifying sources of water pollution for implementing appropriate water management strategies.

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