scholarly journals Maternal urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funanani Mashau ◽  
Esper Jacobeth Ncube ◽  
Kuku Voyi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract The current study aimed to determine the association between trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes among third-trimester pregnant women who were exposed to chlorinated drinking water. A total of 205 pregnant women who participated in the disinfection by-products exposure and adverse pregnancy outcome study in South Africa were randomly asked to participate in this study by providing their morning urine sample voids. Samples were analysed for urinary creatinine and TCAA. Furthermore, participants gave individual data using a structured questionnaire. The mean (median) concentration of creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA was 2.34 (1.95) μg/g creatinine. Elevated levels of creatinine-adjusted TCAA concentrations showed an increased risk of premature birth, small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight. There was no significant statistical correlation observed between creatinine-adjusted TCAA concentrations and the total volume of cold water ingested among the study population. No statistically significant association was observed between creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA and premature birth, SGA and low birth weight newborns among the study subjects. However, the urinary TCAA concentrations identified in this study suggest potential health risks towards women and foetus. Therefore, further studies are warranted to prevent further adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Stillbirth among Women whose Partner Has Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qi Sun ◽  
Hongguang Zhang ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Zuoqi Peng ◽  
Jianbo Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background. The relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and adverse pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate whether TB is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes including premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Method. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in mainland China. A total of 3,668,004 Chinese women, along with their partners, were included in this study, within the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Checkups Project, during 2015–2018. Propensity score matching was used to balance the two groups (cases: women or partners with TB; controls: women and partners without TB). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the OR of stillbirth for cases was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.09–3.16), in comparison with the control group. In the subgroup analysis, women whose partner had TB had a higher risk of stillbirth (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.10–3.86) than women whose partner did not have TB. There was no significant difference in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth, between women with and without TB. Conclusions. Women whose partner had TB were more likely to have stillbirth than women whose partners did not have TB.

scholarly journals A várandós nő parodontalis egészségi állapota és a terhességi komplikációk közötti kapcsolat

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (25) ◽  
pp. 999-1007
Author(s):  
István Gera
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract: Data from epidemiological and clinical studies published in the past two decades indicate certain association between periodontal disease and increased risk for preterm birth or low birth weight. Although the strength of those observed associations is weak, periodontitis today is considered as one of the potentially modifiable risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aims of the publication are to summarize the epidemiological and clinical evidence for the impact of periodontal disease on adverse pregnancy outcomes and to make an attempt to overview the potential biological mechanism behind this association. The majority of epidemiological and clinical studies found certain negative effect of poor maternal periodontal condition on the incidence of low birth weight, preterm birth, pre-eclampsy, restricted foetal growth or even stillbirth. Two possible biological pathways have so far been identified: 1) the direct dissemination of the periodontal pathogens or their toxic by-products which reach the foetal-placental unit, and 2) an indirect mechanism when the circulating systemic inflammatory mediators induced by the periodontal inflammation can provoke secondary inflammation and foetal damage in the amnion. The periodontal therapy applied during the second or third trimesters has not been proven to reduce the incidence of any adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. A much more prophylaxis-oriented approach in periodontal treatment is needed. The adequate periodontal therapy should be completed before the conception to provide benefit to the pregnant women and also the new born baby. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(25): 999–1007.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with Graves’ Hyperthyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4495
Author(s):  
Panwad Harn-a-morn ◽  
Prapai Dejkhamron ◽  
Theera Tongsong ◽  
Suchaya Luewan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Objective: The primary objectives of this study are to compare the rates of preterm birth; fetal growth restriction and low birth weight between the following groups: (1) pregnant women treated for thyrotoxicosis and low-risk pregnancies; (2) between pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis with no need of medication and low-risk pregnancies; and (3) between those treated with MMI and PTU. Methods: The medical records of singleton pregnancies with thyrotoxicosis were comprehensively reviewed. Low-risk pregnancies matched for age and parity were randomly recruited as controls. The obstetric outcomes were compared between both groups; the outcomes of various subgroups of the thyrotoxicosis group were also compared. Results: A total of 408 pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis were recruited. Compared with the controls; the women of the thyrotoxicosis group had significantly higher rates of low birth weight (LBW) (23.7% vs. 17.7%; p: 0.036), preterm birth (19.3% vs. 12.3%; p: 0.007), preeclampsia (8.5% vs. 4.4%; p: 0.019) and cesarean section (21.5% vs. 16.0%; p: 0.046). In the thyrotoxicosis group; 67; 127; and 158 patients were treated with MMI; PTU and no anti-thyroid drug (ATD), respectively. All obstetric outcomes were comparable between the women treated with PTU and those with MMI; and between the controlled and uncontrolled groups. However, women who needed ATD had significantly higher rates of LBW and preterm birth than those without medications. Conclusions: Thyrotoxicosis, whether treated or not needing ATDs, was significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Also, active disease, indicated by the need for ATD significantly increased the risk of such adverse outcomes; whereas the patients treated with MMI or PTU had comparable adverse outcomes.

Risks of Selected Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes at Advance Maternal Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2468-2471
Author(s):  
Saadia Yasmeen ◽  
Sumayya . ◽  
Javeria Saleem ◽  
Jawairiah Liaqat ◽  
Nadia Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background and Aim: Advanced maternal age pregnancy could be referred to as pregnancy after 35 years or older. The prevalence of postponing pregnancies is increasing day by day worldwide. However, limited evidence was found on advanced maternal age pregnancy association with fetal adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of advanced maternal age selected fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes. Place and Duration: Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Alkhidmat Hospital Kohat and Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera for duration of six months from November 2020 to April 2021. Materials and Methods: This single-centered retrospective study was conducted on 220 postpartum women in the study group (≥35 years) and 170 control group postpartum women (20-34 years) who delivered at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Alkhidmat Hospital Kohat and Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera after 28 gestational weeks. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and sampled based on randomized control sampling technique for both control and study groups. Data extraction checklist and pretested questionnaire were used for data collection from the maternal charts. Adverse pregnancy outcome and advanced maternal age was correlated adjusted relative risks and strength with a 95% confidence interval. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and considered p-value >0.05 as a statistical standard. Results: The adverse neonatal outcomes include low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth with a prevalence 38 (17.4%), 46 (20.8%), and 31 (14.2%) respectively in the study group. In the control group, the incidence of low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth was 21 (12.6%), 15 (14.6%) and 6 (3.5%) respectively. The stillbirth (ARR=3.16 95% CI (1.29–6.03) and preterm deliveries (ARR=2.71 95% CI (1.79–3.86) risk had significantly higher prevalence compared to control group advanced age pregnancy. Insignificance association was found between low birth weight and advanced maternal age. Conclusion: Stillbirth and preterm birth was the adverse fetal outcome significantly related with advanced maternal age pregnancy. There was no significant association between low birth weight and advanced maternal age. Keywords: Maternal age, Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcomes in sexually transmitted infections or human immunodeficiency viruses infected women at a tertiary care center: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Saradha K. P. ◽  
Anitha Christy Stephen ◽  
Vikram V. Huddar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The natural history of HIV infection in early disease is not affected by pregnancy. In later stages there may be rapid disease progression leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Prevalence of HIV in India is 0.3% in pregnant women. With the advent of PPTCT, there have been a decline in the adverse pregnancy outcomes but still few adversities are reported.  Aim of the study was to assess the various pregnancy outcomes in HIV positive women and the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analytical study conducted from July 2017-June 2019 on HIV infected pregnant women. Their maternal age, CD4 count at diagnosis of HIV, after postpartum, mode of delivery, birth weight and HIV status of baby were noted and analyzed.  <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>18 HIV infected pregnant women were included. Their mean age was 25.6 years. 12 patients were in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and the rest in 1<sup>st</sup> trimester. All were on triple-drug (TEL) regimen. Three were diagnosed with HIV prior to conception and were already on ART. Remaining were detected at the time of ANC visit. All cases fall under stage I WHO clinical staging. Out of the 18 pregnant, two delivered by LSCS and the rest by normal delivery. All were term deliveries, with mean birth weight of 2.82 kg. One HIV infected baby was born by LSCS. The mean CD4 count at the time of diagnosis of HIV was 389 and at postpartum was 508. Overall, there was seen to be an increase in CD4 count without any adverse effects during ART.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prompt HIV diagnosis and ART initiation during antenatal period can have good pregnancy outcome and thereby reducing transmission to children.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of sanitation practices on adverse pregnancy outcomes in India: a conducive finding from recent Indian demographic health survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Ajay Gupta ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Dhananjay W. Bansod
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Several risk factors predisposing women and their live-borns to adverse outcomes during pregnancy have been documented. Little is known about sanitation being a factor contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes in India. The role of sanitation in adverse pregnancy outcomes remains largely unexplored in the Indian context. This study is an attempt to bring the focus on sanitation as a factor in adverse pregnancy outcome. Along with the sanitation factors, few confounder variables have also been studied in order to understand the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods The study is based on the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV) covering 26,972 married women in the age-group 15–49. The study variables include the mother’s age, Body Mass Index (BMI), education, anemia, and Antenatal care (ANC) visits during their last pregnancy. The household level variable includes place of residence, religion, caste, wealth index, access to toilet, type of toilet, availability of water within toilet premises, and facility of hand wash near the toilet. Children study variables include Low Birth Weight (LBW), the order of birth (Parity), and the death of the children of the women in the last 5 years. The target variable Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (APO) was constructed using children born with low birth weight or died during the last pregnancy. Results We calculated both adjusted as well as unadjusted odds ratios for a better understanding of the association between sanitation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings from the study showed that women who did not have access to a toilet within the house had a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. In the multivariable model, no association was observed for adverse pregnancy outcome among women who did not have access to toilet and women who used shared toilet. Teenage (15–19 years), uneducated, underweight and anemic mothers were more likely to face APO as compare to other mothers in similar characteristics group. Conclusions Our findings contribute to the decidedly less available literature on maternal sanitation behaviour and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results support that sanitation is a very significant aspect for women who are about to deliver a baby as there was an association between sanitation and adverse pregnancy outcome. Education on sanitation practices is the need of the hour as much as it needs to follow.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal ABO blood type on birth weight and preeclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Beyazıt ◽  
Eren Pek ◽  
Aysenur Çakır Güngör ◽  
Meryem Gencer ◽  
Mesut A. Unsal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Type B ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: ABO blood group has been recognized as a risk factor for distinct disease states. The association between ABO blood group and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been extensively studied, especially in relation to birth weight and preeclampsia (PE). The aim of the present study is to determine whether ABO blood group contributes to the adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight and PE.Methods: Medical data including ABO phenotypes were collected from hospital electronic database and retrospectively reviewed. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included PE and low birth weight. Birth week was also noted for each subject.Results: 2177 charts of mothers who had given birth in our hospital were studied. Overall 605 (27.8%) women had type O blood, 1056 (48.5%) had type A blood, 369 (16.9%) had type B blood and 147 (6.8%) had type AB blood. Pregnant women with type B blood group had significantly lower birth weights compared with type O, A and AB. Birth weeks of all groups were found to be similar with no statistically significant difference. A total of 167 mothers were recorded as having PE. No association was observed between PE and ABO blood groups of study participants.Conclusions: Although maternal ABO phenotype is associated with low birth weight, no association was found between blood type and preeclampsia. We postulate that maternal/fetal immune system genes which are directly associated with ABO blood groups could affect pregnant with a resulting birth weight alterations.

VERY LOW, LOW AND HEAVY WEIGHT BIRTHS IN HONG KONG SAR: HOW IMPORTANT IS SOCIOECONOMIC AND MIGRANT STATUS?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGIA VERROPOULOU ◽  
STUART BASTEN
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

SummaryIdentification of modifiable factors and mediators linked to low and heavy birth weight is crucial in reducing infant mortality and health care expenditure. The present paper explores the associations of socio-demographic factors and immigrant status of parents with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Hong Kong. The analysis compares very low birth weight (VLBW: <1500 g), low birth weight (LBW: ≥1500 g and <2500 g) and heavy birth weight births (HBW: ≥4500 g) with births of normal weight (≥2500 g and <4500 g) using multinomial regression modelling of a large dataset of 828,975 births of singletons occurring between 1995 and 2009. The findings indicate the expected significant adverse associations between teenage and advanced age of the mother with compromised birth outcomes; teenage motherhood, however, has a protective effect against HBW births. A strong socioeconomic gradient is apparent, more marked among LBW births; low educational attainment of the father, low occupational class, public housing and single motherhood are strongly related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Regarding immigrant status, women born in South and South-East Asia exhibit consistently higher odds of a compromised outcome. Women born in Hong Kong have significantly higher chances of LBW births while Mainland Chinese and parents from developed countries face higher odds of HBW births. The study identifies high-risk groups such as teenage, older and single mothers, South-East Asians and couples of low socioeconomic profile. Implementation of policies supporting these groups would be beneficial.

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