scholarly journals Effects of sanitation practices on adverse pregnancy outcomes in India: a conducive finding from recent Indian demographic health survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Ajay Gupta ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Dhananjay W. Bansod
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Several risk factors predisposing women and their live-borns to adverse outcomes during pregnancy have been documented. Little is known about sanitation being a factor contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes in India. The role of sanitation in adverse pregnancy outcomes remains largely unexplored in the Indian context. This study is an attempt to bring the focus on sanitation as a factor in adverse pregnancy outcome. Along with the sanitation factors, few confounder variables have also been studied in order to understand the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods The study is based on the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV) covering 26,972 married women in the age-group 15–49. The study variables include the mother’s age, Body Mass Index (BMI), education, anemia, and Antenatal care (ANC) visits during their last pregnancy. The household level variable includes place of residence, religion, caste, wealth index, access to toilet, type of toilet, availability of water within toilet premises, and facility of hand wash near the toilet. Children study variables include Low Birth Weight (LBW), the order of birth (Parity), and the death of the children of the women in the last 5 years. The target variable Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (APO) was constructed using children born with low birth weight or died during the last pregnancy. Results We calculated both adjusted as well as unadjusted odds ratios for a better understanding of the association between sanitation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings from the study showed that women who did not have access to a toilet within the house had a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. In the multivariable model, no association was observed for adverse pregnancy outcome among women who did not have access to toilet and women who used shared toilet. Teenage (15–19 years), uneducated, underweight and anemic mothers were more likely to face APO as compare to other mothers in similar characteristics group. Conclusions Our findings contribute to the decidedly less available literature on maternal sanitation behaviour and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results support that sanitation is a very significant aspect for women who are about to deliver a baby as there was an association between sanitation and adverse pregnancy outcome. Education on sanitation practices is the need of the hour as much as it needs to follow.

Risks of Selected Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes at Advance Maternal Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2468-2471
Author(s):  
Saadia Yasmeen ◽  
Sumayya . ◽  
Javeria Saleem ◽  
Jawairiah Liaqat ◽  
Nadia Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background and Aim: Advanced maternal age pregnancy could be referred to as pregnancy after 35 years or older. The prevalence of postponing pregnancies is increasing day by day worldwide. However, limited evidence was found on advanced maternal age pregnancy association with fetal adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of advanced maternal age selected fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes. Place and Duration: Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Alkhidmat Hospital Kohat and Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera for duration of six months from November 2020 to April 2021. Materials and Methods: This single-centered retrospective study was conducted on 220 postpartum women in the study group (≥35 years) and 170 control group postpartum women (20-34 years) who delivered at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Alkhidmat Hospital Kohat and Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera after 28 gestational weeks. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and sampled based on randomized control sampling technique for both control and study groups. Data extraction checklist and pretested questionnaire were used for data collection from the maternal charts. Adverse pregnancy outcome and advanced maternal age was correlated adjusted relative risks and strength with a 95% confidence interval. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and considered p-value >0.05 as a statistical standard. Results: The adverse neonatal outcomes include low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth with a prevalence 38 (17.4%), 46 (20.8%), and 31 (14.2%) respectively in the study group. In the control group, the incidence of low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth was 21 (12.6%), 15 (14.6%) and 6 (3.5%) respectively. The stillbirth (ARR=3.16 95% CI (1.29–6.03) and preterm deliveries (ARR=2.71 95% CI (1.79–3.86) risk had significantly higher prevalence compared to control group advanced age pregnancy. Insignificance association was found between low birth weight and advanced maternal age. Conclusion: Stillbirth and preterm birth was the adverse fetal outcome significantly related with advanced maternal age pregnancy. There was no significant association between low birth weight and advanced maternal age. Keywords: Maternal age, Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

scholarly journals Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Colorado, 2007–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Abdo ◽  
Isabella Ward ◽  
Katelyn O’Dell ◽  
Bonne Ford ◽  
Jeffrey Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zip Code

Colorado is regularly impacted by long-range transport of wildfire smoke from upwind regions. This smoke is a major source of ambient PM2.5. Maternal exposure to total PM2.5 during pregnancy has been linked to decreased birth weight and other adverse outcomes, although the impact of wildfire smoke contribution has only recently been investigated. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and ambient wildfire smoke PM2.5. Wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposures were estimated using a previously published method incorporating ground-based monitors and remote sensing data. Logistic regression models stratified by ZIP code and mixed models with random intercept by ZIP code were used to test for associations. The primary outcomes of interest were preterm birth and birth weight. Secondary outcomes included gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, neonatal intensive care unit admission, assisted ventilation, small for gestational age, and low birth weight. Exposure to wildfire smoke PM2.5 over the full gestation and during the second trimester were positively associated with pre-term birth (OR = 1.076 (μg/m3)−1 [95% CI = 1.016, 1.139; p = 0.013] and 1.132 (μg/m3)−1 [95% CI = 1.088, 1.178]; p < 0.0001, respectively), while exposure during the first trimester was associated with decreased birth weight (−5.7 g/(μg/m3) [95% CI: −11.1, −0.4; p = 0.036]). Secondary outcomes were mixed.

scholarly journals Applying deep learning for adverse pregnancy outcome detection with pre-pregnancy health data

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 10014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Mu ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Jingyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Adverse pregnancy outcomes can bring enormous losses to both families and the society. Thus, pregnancy outcome prediction stays a crucial research topic as it may help reducing birth defect and improving the quality of population. However, recent advances in adverse pregnancy outcome detection are driven by data collected after mothers having been pregnant. In this situation, if a bad pregnancy outcome is diagnosed, the parents will suffer both physically and emotionally. In this paper, we develop a deep learning algorithm which is able to detect and classify adverse pregnancy outcomes before parents getting pregnant. We train a multi-layer neural network by using a dataset of 75542 couples’ multidimension pre-pregnancy health data. Our model outperforms some of algorithms in accuracy, recall and F1 score.

scholarly journals Reproductive Concerns Among Female Leukemia and Lymphoma Survivors with the History of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes after Cancer Treatment

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5893-5893
Author(s):  
Ksenya Shliakhtsitsava ◽  
Emily Myers ◽  
Irene Su
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reproductive Concerns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Lymphoma Survivors

Abstract Introduction Due to advances in cancer treatment the majority of young adults diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma become long-term survivors. These individuals have been shown to have higher pregnancy risks as a result of cancer and treatment exposure. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage and premature delivery may impact survivor's reproductive concerns after cancer. We hypothesized that reproductive-aged female leukemia and lymphoma survivors who experienced miscarriage or premature birth after cancer would have higher reproductive concerns as compared to female leukemia and lymphoma survivors who did not have an adverse pregnancy outcome after cancer. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of young adult female leukemia and lymphoma survivors with at least one pregnancy after cancer, who are participants of the Reproductive Window study. Study participants were recruited between March 2015 and December 2017 from population-based cancer registries (California and Texas), physician and advocacy group referrals. Eligible women were age 18 to 40 at enrollment, age 15-35 at cancer diagnosis, and had at least one ovary. Enrolled participants answered a questionnaire on pregnancy outcomes and reproductive concerns using the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) Scale. The exposure was adverse pregnancy outcome (miscarriage or premature birth). The outcomes were RCAC subscales measuring concerns regarding becoming pregnant in the future and personal and offspring health. Subscale scores were dichotomized at 3, with >3 indicating moderate to severe reproductive concerns. Logistic regression models were used to test the association between an adverse pregnancy outcome (miscarriage or preterm birth) and RCAC subscales of interest, while adjusting for confounding Results 76 participants, mean age 34.3±3.9 years and mean years since cancer diagnosis 12.0± 5.8 years were included. The majority of participants were white (80%), completed college (72%) and were partnered (87%). Thirty eight percent of participants reported an adverse pregnancy outcome after cancer (18% miscarriage, 21% premature delivery). Thirty-two percent reported moderate to severe concerns about becoming pregnant in the future, 60% regarding offspring health, and 46% over personal health. History of miscarriage after cancer, but not preterm birth, was associated with higher concerns about becoming pregnant. In a multivariable model that adjusted for Hispanic ethnicity, current age, and live birth after cancer, participants who experienced a miscarriage after cancer were more likely to have moderate to high concerns about becoming pregnant in the future (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.05-15.5, p=0.042) compared to participants with no history of miscarriage. Neither adverse pregnancy outcomes was associated with concerns about offspring or personal health. Conclusions In the cohort of young adult female leukemia and lymphoma survivors, experiencing a miscarriage after cancer was associated with higher concerns regarding becoming pregnant in the future. Additional research is needed to determine whether interventions such as preconception counseling with consideration of prior cancer treatments may help manage these concerns and improve pregnancy outcomes. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Maternal urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funanani Mashau ◽  
Esper Jacobeth Ncube ◽  
Kuku Voyi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract The current study aimed to determine the association between trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes among third-trimester pregnant women who were exposed to chlorinated drinking water. A total of 205 pregnant women who participated in the disinfection by-products exposure and adverse pregnancy outcome study in South Africa were randomly asked to participate in this study by providing their morning urine sample voids. Samples were analysed for urinary creatinine and TCAA. Furthermore, participants gave individual data using a structured questionnaire. The mean (median) concentration of creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA was 2.34 (1.95) μg/g creatinine. Elevated levels of creatinine-adjusted TCAA concentrations showed an increased risk of premature birth, small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight. There was no significant statistical correlation observed between creatinine-adjusted TCAA concentrations and the total volume of cold water ingested among the study population. No statistically significant association was observed between creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA and premature birth, SGA and low birth weight newborns among the study subjects. However, the urinary TCAA concentrations identified in this study suggest potential health risks towards women and foetus. Therefore, further studies are warranted to prevent further adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal ABO blood type on birth weight and preeclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Beyazıt ◽  
Eren Pek ◽  
Aysenur Çakır Güngör ◽  
Meryem Gencer ◽  
Mesut A. Unsal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Type B ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: ABO blood group has been recognized as a risk factor for distinct disease states. The association between ABO blood group and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been extensively studied, especially in relation to birth weight and preeclampsia (PE). The aim of the present study is to determine whether ABO blood group contributes to the adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight and PE.Methods: Medical data including ABO phenotypes were collected from hospital electronic database and retrospectively reviewed. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included PE and low birth weight. Birth week was also noted for each subject.Results: 2177 charts of mothers who had given birth in our hospital were studied. Overall 605 (27.8%) women had type O blood, 1056 (48.5%) had type A blood, 369 (16.9%) had type B blood and 147 (6.8%) had type AB blood. Pregnant women with type B blood group had significantly lower birth weights compared with type O, A and AB. Birth weeks of all groups were found to be similar with no statistically significant difference. A total of 167 mothers were recorded as having PE. No association was observed between PE and ABO blood groups of study participants.Conclusions: Although maternal ABO phenotype is associated with low birth weight, no association was found between blood type and preeclampsia. We postulate that maternal/fetal immune system genes which are directly associated with ABO blood groups could affect pregnant with a resulting birth weight alterations.

Placental Growth Factor and Adverse Obstetric Outcomes in a Mixed-Risk Cohort of Women Screened for Preeclampsia in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Charlotte Kvist Ekelund ◽  
Line Rode ◽  
Ann Tabor ◽  
Jon Hyett ◽  
Andrew McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Placental Growth Factor ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The study aimed to investigate the association between placental growth factor (PlGF) and adverse obstetric outcomes in a mixed-risk cohort of pregnant women screened for preeclampsia (PE) in the first trimester. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included women with singleton pregnancies screened for PE between April 2014 and September 2016. Outcome data were retrieved from the New South Wales Perinatal Data Collection (NSW PDC) by linkage to the prenatal cohort. Adverse outcomes were defined as spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) before 37-week gestation, birth weight (BW) below the 3rd centile, PE, gestational hypertension (GH), stillbirth, and neonatal death. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The cohort consisted of 11,758 women. PlGF multiple of the median (MoM) was significantly associated with maternal sociodemographic characteristics (particularly smoking status and parity) and all biomarkers used in the PE first trimester screening model (notably pregnancy-associated plasma protein A MoM and uterine artery pulsatility index [PI] MoM). Low levels of PlGF (&#x3c;0.3 MoM and &#x3c;0.5 MoM) were independently associated with sPTB, low BW, PE, GH, and a composite adverse pregnancy outcome score, with odds ratios between 1.81 and 4.44 on multivariable logistic regression analyses. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Low PlGF MoM levels are independently associated with PE and a range of other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Inclusion of PlGF should be considered in future models screening for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the first trimester.

scholarly journals Treatment and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women exposed to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idah Mokhele ◽  
Nelly Jinga ◽  
Rebecca Berhanu ◽  
Thandi Dlamini ◽  
Lawrence Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Multi-drug resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) in pregnant women is a cause for concern globally; few data have described the safety of second-line anti-TB medications during pregnancy. We aim to describe TB treatment and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women receiving second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment for MDR/RR-TB in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods We conducted a retrospective record review of pregnant women (≥ 18 years) who received treatment for MDR/RR-TB between 01/2010–08/2016 at three outpatient treatment sites in Johannesburg, South Africa. Demographic, treatment and pregnancy outcome data were collected from available medical records. Preterm birth (< 37 weeks), and miscarriage were categorized as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results Out of 720 women of child-bearing age who received MDR/RR-TB treatment at the three study sites, 35 (4.4%) pregnancies were identified. Overall, 68.7% (24/35) were HIV infected, 83.3% (20/24) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most women, 88.6% (31/35), were pregnant at the time of MDR/RR-TB diagnosis and four women became pregnant during treatment. Pregnancy outcomes were available for 20/35 (57.1%) women, which included 15 live births (11 occurred prior to 37 weeks), 1 neonatal death, 1 miscarriage and 3 pregnancy terminations. Overall, 13/20 (65.0%) women with known pregnancy outcomes had an adverse pregnancy outcome. Of the 28 women with known TB treatment outcomes 17 (60.7%) completed treatment successfully (4 were cured and 13 completed treatment), 3 (10.7%) died and 8 (28.6%) were lost-to-follow-up. Conclusions Pregnant women with MDR/RR-TB suffer from high rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and about 60% achieve a successful TB treatment outcome. These vulnerable patients require close monitoring and coordinated obstetric, HIV and TB care.

scholarly journals Frequency of Anemia and Obstetric Outcome in Young Primigravida

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535
Author(s):  
Abida Sajid ◽  
Aqsam Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Pregnancy and childbirth is an event celebrated worldwide. During pregnancy physiological changes and increasing demand causes fall in hemoglobin level leading to anemia and adverse pregnancy outcome especially in young girls. Anemia is a major public health problem. Around 58.27 million women worldwide are anemic during pregnancy 95% of whom live in countries that are developing. To know the frequency of anemia, and obstetric outcome in terms of preterm delivery, low birth weight and rate of caesarean section in young Primigravida. It was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of Gynae & Obstetric unit 5 King Edward Medical University Lahore during a period of one year from May2013 April 2014. All primigravida young 15-24years with anemia enrolled for the study. Anemia is defined as hemoglobin< 10.5g/dl (WHO Criteria), Iron deficiency Anemia is defined as serum ferritin level less than 12 micro gram per ml and on Red Blood Cell indices, i.e. decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC, and Microcytic Hypochromic cells in Peripheral Smear. Megaloblastic anemia was labeled when Macrocytic Hypochromic cells seen. Obstetric outcome in terms of Preterm delivery defined as delivery at <37 weeks of gestation (36 +6 weeks) and birth weight <2500g mand a need for operative delivery. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria as per operational definition were included in the study after taking informed consent using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected on a pre-designed questionnaire. A total of 3855 deliveries during study period in which 1318 were primigravida. Mean age in study group was 15 to 24 years. We observed mild anemia in 46% of woman, moderate anemia in 41% and severe anemia in 13% in young primigravida. Preterm delivery was noted in 25% of the females and low birth weight babies were noted by 33% in teenage and young primigravida. Statistically significant relationship was found between maternal age, education and socio economic status. Anemia in pregnancy nowadays is still a common problem in adolescent and young primigravida and associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Prompt measure should be taken by the stake holders at local and national level to prevent and treat this problem in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with it.

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