Development of the South African Water Resource Classification System (WRCS): a tool towards the sustainable, equitable and efficient use of water resources in a developing country

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. J. Dollar ◽  
C. R. Nicolson ◽  
C. A. Brown ◽  
J. K. Turpie ◽  
A. R. Joubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
South African ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Resource Classification ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the transition to democracy in 1994, South Africa still had apartheid legislation on the statute books and the allocation of water was regulated by the 1956 Water Act. Accordingly, post-apartheid South Africa underwent a water sector reform process culminating in the new National Water Act (No. 36) of 1998. One component of the Act is the requirement for a classification system to determine different classes of water resources. The classification system provides a definition of the classes that are to be used and a seven-step procedure to be followed in order to recommend a class. The class outlines those attributes society requires of different water resources. The economic, social and ecological implications of choosing a class are established and communicated to all interested and affected parties during the classification process. This paper outlines the socioeconomic and political context in which the WRCS was developed and outlines the seven-step procedure.

scholarly journals Formal Debt-Relief, Rescue and Liquidation Options for External Companies in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-126
Author(s):  
A. Boraine
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
Definition Of

This article discusses how foreign companies doing business in South Africa during periods of financial distress and registered locally as external companies are, as a recent High Court decision confirms, denied the formal debt-relief measures of business rescue and therefore a compromise with creditors because of being excluded by the definition of “company” in the Companies Act 71 of 2008. Nor, for the same reason, may these companies, if solvent, rely on the current liquidation procedures. But they may possibly use the procedure preserved in the otherwise repealed Companies Act 61 of 1973 for liquidation as far as the transitional arrangements in the Companies Act 71 of 2008 allow. The purposive solution suggested in this article for the interplay between the two Acts may need legislative attention. This article surveys other possibilities relevant to these companies such as informal voluntary arrangements, applications for winding-up, ordinary debt collection, and perhaps compulsory sequestration applications. Finally, it raises the policy issue for the legislature to consider why these companies should be denied business rescue and/or a compromise with their creditors when these formal debtrelief measures might help them survive their financial stress and emerge stronger, to the advantage of themselves, their creditors, their stakeholders and communities, and the entire nation. It is submitted that these issues could and should be considered as part of the current law reform process of South African insolvency law.

scholarly journals To report or not to report

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Maroun ◽  
Harvey Wainer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
South African ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Governance Processes

Whistle-blowing can play an important role in enhancing the effectiveness of corporate governance processes. In particular, legislation mandating that auditors blow the whistle on their clients’ transgressions can assist in overcoming agency-related costs and improve confidence in external audit. This is, however, only the case if regulatory reform enjoys cohesion. The Companies Act No. 71 of 2008, by introducing a definition of ‘reportable irregularities’ different from that in the Auditing Profession Act No. 26 of 2005 (APA); excluding ‘independent reviews’ from the scope of APA; and effectively exempting the majority of South African companies from the requirement either to be audited or reviewed, may materially undermine whistle-blowing by auditors in South Africa. In turn, this begs the question: for how long will South Africa rank first globally for the quality of its auditing practices? 

Does Widespread Lack Undermine the Socially Perceived Necessities Approach to Defining Poverty? Evidence from South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEMMA WRIGHT ◽  
MICHAEL NOBLE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Adaptive Preferences ◽  
Acceptable Standard ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consensual Approach

AbstractThe socially perceived necessities or ‘consensual’ approach to defining and measuring poverty is based on an assumption that it is possible to obtain a collective view from society on the necessities for an acceptable standard of living. The enforced lack of the necessities due – typically – to lack of resources can be regarded as poverty. The validity of the approach has been questioned on a number of grounds including the argument that people's socio-economic circumstances may influence what they define as a necessity. Widespread lack of material possessions and access to services could result in these items being regarded as ‘less necessary’, which in turn could artificially deflate the definition of poverty using this approach. Informed by the adaptive preferences literature and drawing on a nationally representative South African Socially Attitudes Survey this paper explores whether there is evidence in South Africa of an association between people's patterns of possession and their definition of items as essential. Notwithstanding the fact that possession of an item is strongly associated with people's preferences, the evidence on balance suggests that widespread lack does not undermine the validity of the approach.

An Opportunity Missed for Male Rape Survivors in South Africa: Masiya v Director of Public Prosecutions and Another

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntombizozuko Dyani
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Rape Survivors ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Anal Penetration

AbstractThe Constitutional Court of South Africa recently handed down a judgment on the extension of the common law definition of rape to include anal penetration of women, but not of men. The court argued that women form part of the most vulnerable group in society. This article analyses the court's judgment and argues that the court should have included anal penetration of men in the light of South African lower courts' decisions, international law and the fact that there is currently a law before parliament which pertains to the anal penetration of men. The article also argues that the court should have taken into consideration that this case involved a child, who is also from the most vulnerable group in society.

scholarly journals Interpreting research in South Africa: A bibliometric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herculene Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Translation Services ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
Official Status

After South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994, there was an expectation that problems related to translation services would receive more attention, especially given the fact that 11 languages received official status after 1994 (Lubbe 2002:78). In addition, the call to transform and decolonize South Africa has led to widespread discussion regarding which steps need to be taken to strengthen the African perspective in higher education. Kotzé and Wallmach (forthcoming) offer an in-depth look at research trends on interpreting in South Africa for the period 2006 to 2016. They highlight that, in order to transform South African interpreting studies, it is essential to know what has already been researched and, going forward, what we can learn from publication trends on interpreting. By using a systematic literature review (Fink 2005), this bibliometric study investigates the trends of interpreting research done in South Africa, from the first publication found in 1968, through to 2017. The findings from this study will be of value to current and future interpreting researchers in that they will highlight current trends and shortcomings in South African interpreting research, and contribute to understanding and solving issues of transformation within this specific field.

Update to the South African Stratigraphic Code and Guidelines for Standardised Lithostratigraphic/Lithodemic Descriptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
C.H. de Beer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The South ◽  
Consensus Opinion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Robust Framework

Summary The South African Committee for Stratigraphy (SACS) is the official body in South Africa which regulates the nomenclature and definition of lithostratigraphic and lithodemic rock units, unconsolidated deposits and soils. The robust framework set in the existing stratigraphic code and guide for publication by the Council for Geoscience (CGS) have for many years provided leadership in this field, but there are a number of aspects in need of reconsideration. One example is the non-compliance of our nomenclature for high-grade supracrustal rocks with international (and South African) stratigraphic codes and another is manuscript format changes necessitated by publishing SACS descriptions in the SAJG. Any stratigraphic code is a living document that should be able to accommodate changing views and circumstances. This review provides a consensus opinion from experts on how to deal with changing needs.

Modified Road Traffic Signs in the South African Linguistic Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lorato Mokwena
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
The South ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fluid Interpretation

Drawing on the linguistic landscape material of modified road traffic signs in different areas of South Africa, the article illustrates how modified traffic road signs continue to have situated contextual meanings regardless of altered physical placement or content. Drawing on semiotic repurposing this article argues for an extended definition of situated semiotics that takes into account repurposed signs. A fluid interpretation of ‘situatedness' will broaden the scope of what is perceived as situated semiotics and discourage the use of delinquent categories such as ‘transgressive' semiotics for ‘out of place' semiotics.

Tourism and Natural Capital

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Houdet ◽  
Michelle Browne ◽  
Fonda Lewis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
South African ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Global And Local

There is growing concern that ongoing degradation of natural capital, due to various global and local drivers of change, will compromise the delivery of the ecosystem services on which the tourism industry relies. This chapter aims to explore the relationships between natural capital and tourism. The chapter first provides an introduction to the inter-dependencies between business and natural capital and presents an overview of the tourism sector in South Africa. The focus then shifts to conceptualizing the links between tourism and natural capital, focusing on inland freshwater systems. A conceptual framework of the interactions between natural capital and the tourism sector is presented and key links between hydrologic ecosystem services and the tourism sector are described. In the final section, the risks of increasingly stressed water resources on tourism and the South African economy are explored.

scholarly journals Steve Biko Christ-figure: A black theological Christology in the Son of Man film

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katleho K. Mokoena
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
South African ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Black Theology ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Black Consciousness ◽  
South African Context ◽  
Son Of Man ◽  
African Context

Son of Man (2006) is the first Jesus film to be produced in South Africa and the first Jesus film with an all-black cast amongst all films about the life of Jesus. Son of Man retells the story of Jesus from the pre-1994 South African context and the transition to democracy. The film portrays a Jesus who is concerned about social justice and seeks to dismantle systems that perpetuate and maintain subjugation, oppression, discrimination and marginalisation. The film reinforces the ideology of black consciousness and the praxis of black theology creatively and artistically through film. Jesus in Son of Man embodies the life of Stephen Bantu Biko, and Steve Biko is thus given a Christ-figure around four things: non-violence, ideology, disappearance and death. A black Christological perspective is used to analyse the nature of Jesus Christ in Son of Man.

Management of water resources in South Africa with respect to the textile industry

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Gravelet-Blondin ◽  
S. J. Barclay ◽  
C. M. Carliell ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
South African ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Water Scarce

South Africa is a water scarce country with an average annual rainfall of less than 60% of the world average. It is therefore important to encourage industries to minimise water consumption, and recycle and re-use water and effluent where possible. The South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry is responsible for the management of water resources in South Africa, thereby ensuring the provision of adequate water supplies of acceptable quality for all recognised users. Of the industrial effluents produced in South Africa, textile effluents are considered to be one of the most problematic in the KwaZulu-Natal coastal area, especially in terms of colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and salinity (total dissolved solids, TDS). Of these, colour is perceived to be the most problematic as it is visual pollution and gives rise to public complaints. The Department has been actively involved, through negotiations with management and local authorities, in encouraging the textile industries to reduce the colour load discharged from the factories. Four case studies will be presented describing the approach taken by the Department to solve the problem of textile effluent discharge.

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