Tourism and Natural Capital

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Houdet ◽  
Michelle Browne ◽  
Fonda Lewis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
South African ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Global And Local

There is growing concern that ongoing degradation of natural capital, due to various global and local drivers of change, will compromise the delivery of the ecosystem services on which the tourism industry relies. This chapter aims to explore the relationships between natural capital and tourism. The chapter first provides an introduction to the inter-dependencies between business and natural capital and presents an overview of the tourism sector in South Africa. The focus then shifts to conceptualizing the links between tourism and natural capital, focusing on inland freshwater systems. A conceptual framework of the interactions between natural capital and the tourism sector is presented and key links between hydrologic ecosystem services and the tourism sector are described. In the final section, the risks of increasingly stressed water resources on tourism and the South African economy are explored.

Incentive Guidelines for South African Tourism: Implications and Challenges in the Context of Developing Socio-Political Trends

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z. Bloom ◽  
Frederik J. Mostert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
South African ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
The South ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
The Government

The need for some form of support from governmental sources to advance the tourism industry by means of financial and fiscal incentives has become a significant issue. This article provides a comparison of incentives found internationally with those available in South Africa. Various shortcomings pertaining to the types of incentives provided are discussed. The main aim of the paper is to analyse three incentive options in the context of tourism policy together with a decision matrix which could be used by the government to make a choice between alternative options. A conceptual framework is provided which could form the basis for the government in its choice of incentives. The implications and challenges of providing incentives for the tourism industry are discussed in the context of developing socio-political trends within the South African environment

scholarly journals Risk factors for failure in newly established small, micro and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Zeleke Worku
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The South ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Networking Ability ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

The annual report issued for the financial year 2013/2014 by the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2015) shows that the business confidence index of South Africa was equal to 89.3% in January 2015. According to the South African National Department of Tourism (2015), the tourism sector contributed 93 Billion Rand (3%) to the South African GDP in the year 2012. The contribution of the tourism sector was equal to 189.4 Billion Rand in the year 2009. This figure is projected to grow to 499 Billion Rand by the year 2020. According to the South African Small Enterprise Development Agency (2015), newly established and emerging business enterprises conducting business in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province are less viable and efficient in comparison with well-established tourism enterprises. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify risk factors for underperformance and bankruptcy in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province in South Africa. The study was based on data collected from a stratified random sample of size 311 tourism enterprises that operate in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data was collected on a large number of socio-economic factors that adversely affect entrepreneurial activities in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses was used in the study. Examples of variables on which data was gathered was level of entrepreneurial skills, level of formal education, location of business, duration of experience, amount of capital, number of employees, ability to network with other tourist operators, degree of competition from rival operators, geographical location, category of business, category of entrepreneurial skills, average number of visitors per month, net profit, size of business, market share, access to finance, and degree of support from Government agencies. Results obtained from the study showed that the long-term survival and viability of African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province was significantly and adversely affected by the degree of competition from rival operators, poor networking ability, lack of entrepreneurial skills, low capital, and geographical location. The study found that African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province lagged behind their white counterparts significantly in terms of networking ability, capital and entrepreneurial skills. In addition, 82% of the 311 African entrepreneurs who participated in the study lacked suitable skills due to their poor and irrelevant academic and vocational background, and that 59% of entrepreneurs had received little or no assistance in terms of mentoring or training opportunities from South African Government agencies.

Legal Perspectives on Ecosystem Services Protection for Water Security in South African Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricélle Botes ◽  
Rochine Melandri Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
South African ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
African Cities ◽  
South African Cities ◽  
Substantial Effort

In the last couple of years, South African cities have exhibited extreme water stresses, despite there being a strong regulatory system for the management of said resources. The pressure to meet human demand for freshwater resources, accompanied by a wide array of other challenges, has largely led to a deterioration of ecosystems. Given the ongoing and widespread loss of ecological services, water protection requires a substantial effort to reverse the current decline in both the state of the ecosystems and the services they provide to society, and the country’s shared sense of governance of these significant resources. Achieving water security and the sustainable management of water resources will, therefore, require overcoming strategic challenges related to protected areas, water infrastructure, economies, human settlements and water quality, sanitation and health, as well as the protection of ecological infrastructure. This article argues that ecosystem services protection can add value to the protection and management of water resources in attaining water security in South Africa, as ecosystem services and water security are inextricably linked. The article further determines how the legal framework in South Africa makes provision for water security and ecosystem services protection, to assess what role local government can and should take on. The authors conclude the discussion with some observations on ecosystem services protection for water security in policies and by-laws of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.

Factors driving changes to remuneration policies in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bussin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Merit Pay ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
Retention Strategy ◽  
Remuneration Policy ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Firm Data ◽  
E Mail

This study was conducted in 2012 and replicates Bussin and Huysamen’s (2004) work, conducted in 2003, on remuneration policies. It investigates the factors driving remuneration policy in South Africa and determines whether these factors have changed since 2003. Anonymous e-mail questionnaires were received from 131 senior company representatives. All participating companies were members of the South African Reward Association (SARA) or clients of a large remuneration consulting firm. Data were analysed using a chi-squared test and factor analysis. Results support Bussin and Huysamen’s study, which found that the two main drivers of change in policy were the retention of talented staff and the financial results of the organisation. However, three components of remuneration are receiving greater prominence than they did in 2003: governance in the organisation, merit pay and retention strategies. These findings suggest a greater shareholder expectation that pay should be linked to performance, and that pay acts as a retention strategy for critical staff.

scholarly journals Oceanic islands and climate: using a multi-criteria model of drivers of change to select key conservation areas in Galapagos

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Escobar-Camacho ◽  
Paulina Rosero ◽  
Mauricio Castrejón ◽  
Carlos F. Mena ◽  
Francisco Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Drivers Of Change

AbstractThe unique marine and terrestrial ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands are highly vulnerable to human-based drivers of change, including the introduction of invasive species, unsustainable tourism, illegal fishing, overexploitation of ecosystem services, and climate change. These drivers can interact with climate-based drivers such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at multiple temporal and spatial scales, exacerbating their negative impacts on already fragile ecosystems and the socioeconomic system of the Archipelago. In this review, we performed a literature review based on published literature from 1945 to 2020 and local and global climate databases to analyze drivers of change in the Galapagos. We developed and applied a spatial impact assessment model to identify high-ecological value areas with high sensitivity and exposure scores to environmental change drivers. We identified 13 priority HEVA that encompass ca. 23% (14,715 km2) of the Galapagos Archipelago, distributed in nearly 3% of the Galapagos Marine Reserve and 20% Galapagos National Park. Current and future impacts are likely to concentrate on the inhabited islands’ highlands, whereas marine impacts concentrate along most of the Galapagos Islands’ shorelines. These results are important for guiding the design and implementation of adaptation measures aimed at increasing ecosystem resilience and human adaptive capacity in the face of global environmental change. Overall, these results will be valuable in their application for preserving Galapagos biota, securing the provision of vital ecosystem services for resident human populations, and sustaining the nature-based tourism industry.

scholarly journals The challenges of developing small tourism enterprises in townships: case of Umlazi, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Nsizwazikhona Simon Chili ◽  
Simiso Lindokuhle Mabaso
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Township Tourism ◽  
Tourism Economy

Township tourism in South Africa has grown in popularity since 1994 and is considered by some researchers to be an appropriate mechanism for stimulating local economic development. Opportunities for the development of black-owned enterprises in South Africa began for the first time when the country integrated into the global tourism economy after many years of international sanctions. The growth of township tourism thus can provide the context for potential economic opportunities for local entrepreneurs to enter the business, an activity that traditionally has been the domain of established white South African entrepreneurs. The main objective of the study is to present findings on the challenges that face a certain group of small tourism enterprises in townships with more attention being specifically paid to Umlazi as the second biggest township in the Southern hemisphere. The main reason for the choice of the study is due to the fact that there is only a limited literature that explores the conditions of small-scale and informal tourism entrepreneurs operating in South Africa’s black townships. The focus falls upon the challenges of developing small tourism entrepreneurs for black owners in the township, especially because South African tourism industry is highly concentrated and dominated by small elite group of large, mostly locally owned, tourism organizations which drive the tourism economy that unfortunately excludes and sidelines that of the townships

Safari tourism and its role in sustainable poverty eradication in East Africa: the case of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shem Wambugu Maingi
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
African Context

Purpose Globally, poverty has been a persistent problem despite decades of unprecedented growth. The purpose of this paper is to deliberate on a sustainable livelihoods and poverty eradication approach in an African context. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims to bridge the gaps in poverty eradication strategies in East Africa by examining recent literature on livelihoods approaches and poverty eradication approaches. Findings Safari tourism is one way of connecting poor communities in Kenya to the tourism industry. The development of community conservancies in Kenya presents yet more opportunities for communities to be integrated with the sector. The Africanization of the tourism sector in Kenya is a priority, as communities embrace tourism and poverty eradication measures. Practical implications There is a need for the Safari tourism sector to integrate the local community’s indigenous knowledge systems, community social capital and the community’s natural capital with tourism product development and diversification. Originality/value The paper draws on applied research and technical analysis of the unique opportunities for enhancing sustainable poverty eradication through the tourism sector in East Africa and, more particularly, a Kenyan context.

The Economic History of South Africa 1948–94

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Bill Freund ◽  
Vishnu Padayachee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This chapter addresses the unfolding economic history of South Africa in the apartheid era (1948–94). The chapter is organized according to a periodization with 1971–73 as a marker of the break, and along specific thematic lines. These include a discussion of the way in which this history has been studied and through what theoretical lenses, before engaging with the main issues, including the impact of Afrikaner nationalism on economic growth, the way in which the minerals energy sector, which dominated early perspectives of South African economic history and perspectives, is impacted in this era of National Party rule. An analysis of the role of one major corporation (Anglo American Corporation) in shaping this economic history is followed by an assessment of the impact of the global and local crisis after c.1970 on the South African economy. An abiding theme is that of race and economic development and the way in which the impact of this key relationship of apartheid South Africa on economic growth has been studied.

Tourism Migration in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Unathi Sonwabile Henama ◽  
Portia Pearl Siyanda Sifolo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Volunteer Tourism ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Almost All

This article explores the tourism migration within the South African context, thereby focusing on the current dynamics, challenges and future prospects. Tourism and migration are significant towards globalisation. Almost all countries have jumped on the tourism bandwagon as a result of the positive economic benefits that include improving the balance of payments, attracting foreign exchange, and increasing state coffers through the taxation of non-residents. South Africa has also adopted tourism into the developmental policies. Although Africa's share of the global tourism market remains less than 10%, the continental bodies such as the African Union under the wing NEPAD recognises that tourism and migration as an important factor to societies. This paper adopts the content analysis to address the tourism migration, dynamics, challenges and future prospects as a critical phenomenon. Tourism has deep characteristics of a plantation economy that does not benefit the majority of the societies, particularly in South Africa. Despite being a geographical dispersed country, the tourism industry in South Africa faces numerous challenges such as the integration of Black South Africans as product owners; reported high rates of crimes, lack of integration of locals in the tourism industry, the lack of aviation competition, paucity of ports of entry, and most recently the cyber-crime and the visa regulations etc. However, South African tourism remains resilient as a major destination due to its fauna and flora and increasing market niches are developing such as adventure tourism, health tourism and volunteer tourism. South Africa plans to be one of the top 20 destinations by 2020; steps are in place to ensure that South Africa achieves this objective.

A Spatial Model of Authority-Dependency Relations in South Africa

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
South African ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Dependency Relations ◽  
The Many

Solutions to old problems are sometimes found in new paradigms and models which provide alternative means of approach and analysis. It is suggested here that South Africa's socio-economic and political problems, stemming from the country's multi-ethnic structure, may be viewed within a conceptual framework that emphasises the spatial dimensions of the associated conflict. A model suitable for understanding this will stress the many disparities and tensions between the white core élites and those black counter-élites – including the leaders in the Homelands – who are emerging from the subdominant peripheral groups. Moreover, an analysis of the interaction between core and periphery will highlight the transformation necessary to reduce and resolve the conflict between whites and blacks in the South African spatial system and so promote their more equitable development?

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