Water management problems in the Copiapó Basin, Chile: markets, severe scarcity and the regulator

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bitran ◽  
Pedro Rivera ◽  
Marcelo J. Villena
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
New Information

This research focuses on the determination of the factors that led to the failure of water management in the Copiapó Basin in Chile. Interestingly, the existence of full private ownership and free tradability of water rights has not prevented the overexploitation of groundwater resources. In the paper, firstly, water regulation and the role of the regulator in Chile are briefly discussed. Secondly, the evolution of water resources in the Copiapó region is characterized and analyzed, and the granting of water use rights in the basin in the last 30 years is concisely described. Thirdly, we examine and analyze prices and quantities traded in the water market of the Copiapó region. We will argue that this crisis is a consequence first of failure in regulatory implementation and second of an extremely rigid regulatory framework that leaves limited room for adjustment to changing conditions, especially regarding the emergence of new information concerning water availability. We believe this investigation is not only relevant for this case in particular, but also for other regions and countries where water markets are in place.

scholarly journals Determination of Data Mining Application Design Patterns Booking Raw Food In Restaurant Fountain With Apriori Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risnamawati Ndruru ◽  
Paska Marto Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Information ◽  
Material Ordering

Booking is an activity carried out by certain parties to ensure availability, in carrying out certain activities the company has a supply of material in quantities that exceed the needs. As a result, in the warehouse there is a buildup of raw materials or it can happen otherwise. Inventories of materials that are too small can hinder the company's operations in the form of unavailability of materials when needed. The role of inventory will determine the operation of the company because the inventory will run well if supported by good management. Therefore, the concept of inventory management that affects ordering is very important to be applied by companies so that the goals of effectiveness and efficiency are achieved. So we need a Data Mining that can quickly to determine the Determination of Food Raw Material Ordering Patterns in Restaurant Fountain Using Apriori. Data Mining is the extraction of new information taken from large chunks of data that helps in making decisions. One of the applications of data mining for Determining the Pattern of Ordering Food Raw Materials in Restaurant Fountain Using Apriori. Apriori method is a method for determining frequent itemsets for boolean association rules. The research aims to build the application of Determining the Pattern of Ordering Food Raw Materials in Restaurant Fountain with a web-based application and as a tool for designing applications using the Mysql Database. This data mining is able to determine the ordering of food items in the Restaurant Fountain with the required amount.  

scholarly journals Understanding the emergence of water market institutions: learning from functioning water markets in three countries

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Velloso Breviglieri ◽  
Guarany Ipê do Sol Osório ◽  
Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
The Usa

AbstractMarkets for managing natural resources have existed for many decades and have gradually made their way into the mix of discourses on water policy. However, there are not many established water markets functioning worldwide and little understanding about how and why water markets emerge as allocating institutions. In order to understand the dynamics of the evolution of water markets, the experiences of selected cases with relatively mature water market systems were analyzed, namely: the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia; the Colorado-Big Thompson Project and the transfers between the Palo Verde and Metropolitan Water Districts in the USA; and Spain. We found that formal markets emerged in water scarcity situations where water rights already existed and were sometimes exchanged informally. Water markets have not always moved to reduce transaction costs, as some of those costs were necessary to achieve societal goals beyond economic efficiency. There is a significant difference between the idea of water markets as proposed by economic theory and actual practice in the water sector. As institutions, markets are humanly devised rules embedded in a social and political context and do not always lead to efficient or effective solutions for the management of resources.

Determinants of Water Market Prices in the Western United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Toll ◽  
Craig D. Broadbent ◽  
Quinn Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Water Rights ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions ◽  
Rights Transfer

As water markets continue to evolve throughout the western U.S., understanding what factors influence the price of water is informative to water users seeking to engage in transactions. Using 690 water lease transactions and 1,351 water rights transactions from the journal Water Strategist we analyze and provide insights into the effect of user type in the transaction process, hydrologic conditions, geographic location and lease length upon water prices. This analysis is conducted for both a rights transfer and leasing marketplace.

scholarly journals An Overview of Water Markets in Southern Africa: An Option for Water Management in Times of Scarcity

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greenwell Matchaya ◽  
Luxon Nhamo ◽  
Sibusiso Nhlengethwa ◽  
Charles Nhemachena
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Transfers ◽  
The Impact

Southern Africa faces acute water scarcity challenges due to drought recurrence, degradation of surface water resources, and the increasing demand of water from agriculture, which has to meet the growing food demands of an increasing population. These stressors require innovative solutions that ensure the sustainability of water resources, without which the consequences could be dire for a region exposed to a host of vulnerabilities, including climate change. This review outlines the role of water markets in water management in times of water scarcity, highlighting the drivers of water markets in southern Africa, such as water scarcity, transboundary nature of water resources, and their uneven distribution. The review further discusses the role of water markets in climate change adaptation. Related institutional and legal frameworks as well as water allocation mechanisms are explored, aiming at improving water markets governance. The impact of adaptation to new water regimes in the face of scarcity are assessed by considering characteristics of current markets as related to future opportunities. In a diverse region such as southern Africa with unevenly distributed water resources, advancing the concept of water markets could play an important role in mitigating water scarcity challenges and promoting regional integration through coordinated transboundary water transfers. The emergence of water markets in the region is influenced by the continued depletion of water resources, which is resulting in the adoption of innovative water marketing strategies, such as inter-farm sharing or farm joint venture systems and inter-basin and intra-basin water transfers. As the concept is new in the region, it still has challenges that include general market inefficiencies, high transaction costs, market information asymmetries, imperfect competition, and weak or absent robust institutional frameworks that can facilitate market development.

scholarly journals Reflexões sobre a integração pan-amazônica: o papel da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA) na regulação da água

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nírvia Ravena ◽  
Voyner R. Cañete
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

Este artigo discute a história institucional dos marcos regulatórios para o acesso e uso da água no Brasil, assim como a influência dessa regulação na elaboração de uma gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos na Pan-Amazônia. Os processos que envolvem a regulação da água no Brasil e a confecção do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (TCA) são pontos sobre os quais são construídas as reflexões sobre o papel desses formatos institucionais numa gestão integrada e específica da água no contexto amazônico.Palavras-chave: regulação; meio ambiente; Amazônia; água. Abstract: This paper discusses the institutional history of the regulatory framework for access and use of water in Brazil, as well as the influence of this regulation in the preparation of integrated management of water resources in the Pan Amazon region. The process that involves water regulation in Brazil and the drafting of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT) is the starting point for reflections on the role of those institutional formats in integrated and specific water management in the Amazon context.Keywords: regulation; environment; Amazon region; water.

Trial production of γ-type energy filtering TEM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 604-605
Author(s):  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
E. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Taya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Ion Optics ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fringing Fields

Imaging energy filters can add new information to electron microscopic images with respect to energy-axis, so-called electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Recently, many good results have been reported using this imaging technique. ESI also allows high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples, becoming a trend of the field of morphology. We manufactured a new type of energy filter as a trial production. This energy filter consists of two magnets, and we call γ-filter since the trajectory of electrons shows ‘γ’-shape inside the filter. We evaluated the new energyγ-filter TEM with the γ-filter.Figure 1 shows schematic view of the electron optics of the γ-type energy filter. For the determination of the electron-optics of the γ-type energy filter, we used the TRIO (Third Order Ion Optics) program which has been developed for the design of high resolution mass spectrometers. The TRIO takes the extended fringing fields (EFF) into consideration. EFF makes it difficult to design magnetic energy filters with magnetic sector fields.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document