scholarly journals Understanding the emergence of water market institutions: learning from functioning water markets in three countries

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Velloso Breviglieri ◽  
Guarany Ipê do Sol Osório ◽  
Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
The Usa

AbstractMarkets for managing natural resources have existed for many decades and have gradually made their way into the mix of discourses on water policy. However, there are not many established water markets functioning worldwide and little understanding about how and why water markets emerge as allocating institutions. In order to understand the dynamics of the evolution of water markets, the experiences of selected cases with relatively mature water market systems were analyzed, namely: the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia; the Colorado-Big Thompson Project and the transfers between the Palo Verde and Metropolitan Water Districts in the USA; and Spain. We found that formal markets emerged in water scarcity situations where water rights already existed and were sometimes exchanged informally. Water markets have not always moved to reduce transaction costs, as some of those costs were necessary to achieve societal goals beyond economic efficiency. There is a significant difference between the idea of water markets as proposed by economic theory and actual practice in the water sector. As institutions, markets are humanly devised rules embedded in a social and political context and do not always lead to efficient or effective solutions for the management of resources.

Modelli economici di allocazione delle risorse idriche: l'analisi del mercato cileno dei water rights

2009 ◽  
pp. 37-68
Author(s):  
Chiara Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Many ◽  
Jel Classifications

Market instruments have been often proposed with the aim of improving the efficient allocation of use rights over natural resources. This article analyzes the potential of market mechanisms in the field of water resources and focuses attention on the experience of Chile, one of the few cases in which water markets have been implemented on a wide scale. Evidence from the Chilean case is discussed in order to verify theoretical hypotheses and to outline the potential benefits but also the many drawbacks of these instruments.Key words: Water policy, water markets, tradeable permits.JEL classifications: Q25, Q58.Parole chiave: Risorse idriche, mercati ambientali, permessi trasferibili.

Water management problems in the Copiapó Basin, Chile: markets, severe scarcity and the regulator

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bitran ◽  
Pedro Rivera ◽  
Marcelo J. Villena
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
New Information

This research focuses on the determination of the factors that led to the failure of water management in the Copiapó Basin in Chile. Interestingly, the existence of full private ownership and free tradability of water rights has not prevented the overexploitation of groundwater resources. In the paper, firstly, water regulation and the role of the regulator in Chile are briefly discussed. Secondly, the evolution of water resources in the Copiapó region is characterized and analyzed, and the granting of water use rights in the basin in the last 30 years is concisely described. Thirdly, we examine and analyze prices and quantities traded in the water market of the Copiapó region. We will argue that this crisis is a consequence first of failure in regulatory implementation and second of an extremely rigid regulatory framework that leaves limited room for adjustment to changing conditions, especially regarding the emergence of new information concerning water availability. We believe this investigation is not only relevant for this case in particular, but also for other regions and countries where water markets are in place.

An analysis and proposal to improve water rights transfers on the Mexican Conchos Basin

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús R. Gastélum ◽  
Juan B. Valdés ◽  
Steven Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Water Transfers ◽  
Rio Bravo

Water rights transfers are allowed in México under the National Waters Law (LAN) promulgated in 1992. However, water transfers to date have not been widely used and those that have occurred have done so in small quantities and mainly at the level of the irrigation district (ID). We evaluate water policy in México as it relates to transfers and propose alternatives to current policy along the lines of Howe et al. (Water Resources 22(4), 439–445, 1986). Howe et al. proposed guidelines for water markets that comply with efficiency and equity. This guideline is the basis for implementing the approach proposed in this paper. Even though this research targets the Conchos basin, which is the most important tributary to the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo system, the analysis contains experiences and examples of water rights transfers of other Mexican regions. The paper focuses on two main aspects: first, a summarized and structured effort characterizing water resources policy in México in terms of involved institutions, legal aspects, stakeholder roles, etc; second, a series of proposals and recommendations oriented to improving the performance of this policy.

Determinants of Water Market Prices in the Western United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Toll ◽  
Craig D. Broadbent ◽  
Quinn Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Water Rights ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions ◽  
Rights Transfer

As water markets continue to evolve throughout the western U.S., understanding what factors influence the price of water is informative to water users seeking to engage in transactions. Using 690 water lease transactions and 1,351 water rights transactions from the journal Water Strategist we analyze and provide insights into the effect of user type in the transaction process, hydrologic conditions, geographic location and lease length upon water prices. This analysis is conducted for both a rights transfer and leasing marketplace.

Water markets as a response to scarcity

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Debaere ◽  
Brian D. Richter ◽  
Kyle Frankel Davis ◽  
Melissa S. Duvall ◽  
Jessica Ann Gephart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Voluntary Exchange ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Productive Water

Existing water governance systems are proving to be quite ineffective in managing water scarcity, creating severe risk for many aspects of our societies and economies. Water markets are a relatively new and increasingly popular tool in the fight against growing water scarcity. They make a voluntary exchange possible between interested buyers and sellers of water rights. This paper presents direct evidence from seven water markets around the globe to document key economic and ecological challenges and achievements of water markets with respect to water scarcity. We specifically approach water markets as localized cap-and-trade systems, similar to those for carbon emissions. We examine whether water use remains within the set limits on use of water rights (i.e., under the cap), the degree to which water markets help protect the health of ecosystems and species, and whether (as predicted by economic theory) the explicit pricing of water is accompanied by improving efficiency, as less productive water users decide to sell water to more productive water users.

Beyond Market: Institutions of Governance in the Complex World (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 2009 - Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom)

2010 ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Kuzminov ◽  
M. Yudkevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Institutional Economic

The article surveys the main lines of research conducted by Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom - 2009 Nobel Prize winners in economics. Williamsons and Ostroms contribution to understanding the nature of institutions and choice over institutional options are discussed. The role their work played in evolution of modern institutional economic theory is analyzed in detail, as well as interconnections between Williamsons and Ostroms ideas and the most recent research developments in organization theory, behavioral economics and development studies.

scholarly journals Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Race-Related Health Disparities

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Vaithinathan Selvaraju ◽  
Megan Phillips ◽  
Anna Fouty ◽  
Jeganathan Ramesh Babu ◽  
Thangiah Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Disparities between the races have been well documented in health and disease in the USA. Recent studies show that telomere length, a marker of aging, is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. The current study aimed to evaluate the connection between telomere length ratio, blood pressure, and childhood obesity. The telomere length ratio was measured in 127 children from both European American (EA) and African American (AA) children, aged 6–10 years old. AA children had a significantly high relative telomere to the single copy gene (T/S) ratio compared to EA children. There was no significant difference in the T/S ratio between normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) groups of either race. Blood pressure was significantly elevated in AA children with respect to EA children. Hierarchical regression analysis adjusted for race, gender, and age expressed a significant relationship between the T/S ratio and diastolic pressure. Low T/S ratio participants showed a significant increase in systolic pressure, while a high T/S ratio group showed an increase in diastolic pressure and heart rate of AA children. In conclusion, our findings show that AA children have high T/S ratio compared to EA children. The high T/S ratio is negatively associated with diastolic pressure.

scholarly journals Utilization of preimplantation genetic testing in the USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Roche ◽  
Catherine Racowsky ◽  
Joyce Harper
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Older Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Live Birth Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and live birth rates (LBR) in the USA from 2014 to 2017 and to understand how PGT is being used at a clinic and state level. Methods This study accessed SART data for 2014 to 2017 to determine LBR and the CDC for years 2016 and 2017 to identify PGT usage. Primary cycles included only the first embryo transfer within 1 year of an oocyte retrieval; subsequent cycles included transfers occurring after the first transfer or beyond 1 year of oocyte retrieval. Results In the SART data, the number of primary PGT cycles showed a significant monotonic annual increase from 18,805 in 2014 to 54,442 in 2017 (P = 0.042) and subsequent PGT cycles in these years increased from 2946 to 14,361 (P = 0.01). There was a significant difference in primary PGT cycle use by age, where younger women had a greater percentage of PGT treatment cycles than older women. In both PGT and non-PGT cycles, the LBR per oocyte retrieval decreased significantly from 2014 to 2017 (P<0001) and younger women had a significantly higher LBR per oocyte retrieval compared to older women (P < 0.001). The CDC data revealed that in 2016, just 53 (11.4%) clinics used PGT for more than 50% of their cycles, which increased to 99 (21.4%) clinics in 2017 (P< 0.001). Conclusions A growing number of US clinics are offering PGT to their patients. These findings support re-evaluation of the application for PGT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document