scholarly journals A re-look at canal irrigation system performance: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upali A. Amarasinghe ◽  
Alok Sikka ◽  
Vidya Mandave ◽  
R. K. Panda ◽  
Sunil Gorantiwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Irrigation Potential ◽  
Canal Command Area

Abstract The general perception of canal irrigation systems in India is one of built infrastructure with low service performance. This paper presents an analytical framework, applied to the Sina medium irrigation system in Maharashtra state of India, to study the performance of an expanded water influence zone (WIZ) including a buffer zone outside the canal command area (CCA) influenced by the irrigation system's water resources. The framework used satellite-based estimates of land-use and cropping patterns. The results indicate that there is hardly any gap between the irrigation potential created (IPC) and the irrigation potential utilized (IPU) in the CCA. The fraction of consumptive water use (CWU) of irrigation is low in the CCA, but almost one in the WIZ, due to the reuse of return flows in the WIZ. Future investments should focus on increasing economic water productivity ($/m3) in order to enhance the resilience of the farming community in the WIZ, which is frequently affected by water scarcity.

scholarly journals Improving economic water productivity to enhance resilience in canal irrigation systems: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upali A. Amarasinghe ◽  
Alok Sikka ◽  
Vidya Mandave ◽  
R. K. Panda ◽  
Sunil Gorantiwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Sustainable Income ◽  
Consumptive Water

Abstract This paper proposes scenarios to achieve more crop per drop and irrigation for all in water-scarce irrigation systems, with a particular reference to India. It uses economic water productivity (EWP) and water cost curve for EWP as tools to reallocate irrigation consumptive water use (CWU) and identify economically viable cropping patterns. Assessed in the water-scarce Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India, the method shows that drought-tolerant annual crops such as fruits and/or fodder should be the preferred option in irrigated cropping patterns. Cropping patterns with orchard or fodder as permanent fixtures will provide sustainable income in low rainfall years. Orchards in combination with other crops will increase EWP and value of output in moderate to good rainfall years. Governments should create an enabling environment for conjunctive water use and allocation of CWU to achieve a gradual shift to high-value annual/perennial crops as permanent fixtures in cropping patterns.

scholarly journals Prospects of biodrainage to mitigate problems of waterlogging and soil salinity in context of India - A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
K. Arulmozhiselvan ◽  
A. Alagesan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Canal Command Area ◽  
High Skill ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Major parts of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of India are affected by soil salinity and waterlogging in canal command area and outside. Waterlogging is caused by a rising water table and poor drainage conditions.  Stress due to waterlogging and salinity are serious to plants in all stages from seed germination to active growth and maturity. Unmanaged affected agricultural lands turn into low productive marshlands in the long run. Physical provision of surface or sub-surface drainage structures can rescue in such a situation. Yet, high skill and investment are required in the installation and maintenance of such structures. Alternatively, biodrainage method has been evolved as an effective method recently world over. In biodrainage, plants are raised over a larger area, which can transpire and remove an enormous amount of water from the soil. Plants having adequate adaptive traits and tolerance mechanisms are desirable to mitigate waterlogging and salinity. Biodrainage is suitable in rainfed and irrigated conditions. Planting of right plant species in optimum population and geometry decides the efficiency of biodrainage. Further, combining biodrainage with the conventional drainage can improve land and water productivity. Eucalyptus is the most suitable tree species for biodrainage as it has well performed in versatile environments. It possesses appreciable tolerance to salinity, sodicity and waterlogged conditions of the soil.  Fast-growing with a straight trunk, deep rooting ability, low shading effect and high transpiration capacity are promising characteristics of this tree.  Prominent woody species like Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Hardwickia binata can also be grown for high profit.

scholarly journals An experimental study on the grape orchard: Effects comparison of two irrigation systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad J. Kadbhane ◽  
Vivek L. Manekar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Farm Pond ◽  
Berry Size

Abstract Table grape (Vitis vinifera cultivars) is a major cash crop in the Nashik district of India, which requires irrigation water throughout the year as per demand instantly. Canal irrigation is the adopted irrigation systems in the study area, but canal irrigation has got several serious disadvantages, such as mismatching rotation schedules and crop water demands, water allotment system and restrictions on the use of efficient irrigation methods. The storing the canal water in the farm pond instead of directly applying to the field using the free flooding method is alternate solution to overcome the disadvantages of the canal irrigation system. Once the canal water storing in the pond, it increases the possibilities to use the advance irrigation system like drip, subsurface, sprinkler etc. to enhance water use efficiency. The comparative study between the canal water directly applying for the field and canal water storing in the farm pond then use for irrigation, executed through the field experiments carried out on the grape orchard during a period April 2013 to March 2016. Results have been evaluated based on grape yield, water-productivity, berry size, and biomass. Water productivity (kg·m-3) with respect to water delivery to crop through the pond irrigation method was found 37% higher than the canal irrigation method during the study period. Based on the results, this study recommended the use of the farm pond to store the canal water and use it as per crop demand using advance irrigation systems.

Participatory Management of Irrigation System in North Eastern Region of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandam Victoria Devi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Irrigation Potential ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Water

The demand of water by various competing sectors, such as industry, power, drinking and irrigation, is increasing while the supply of available fresh water remains the same. This calls for efficient use of water in all sectors especially irrigation, which consumes the highest amount of water in India. Due to recurrence of drought and flood India suffered from famine, so after the Independence the government has rigorously pursued the construction of irrigation dams to increase agricultural production and meet the increasing demand of food. Construction of dams was given priority than management of irrigation projects. But due to a large gap between irrigation potential created and irrigation potential utilized, there was a paradigm shift in the irrigation sector. As a result, the concept of participatory irrigation management (PIM) was widely spread through seminars, National Water Policies and specific irrigation Command Area Development (CAD) programme. The first National Water Policy in 1987 and the subsequent policies had provisions for involvement of farmers in irrigation management for efficient use of irrigation water. Many states in India implemented PIM Act under the policy. It also applies to the northeastern region (NE region) of India. This region has a traditional irrigation system such as bamboo drip irrigation in Meghalaya, water conservation among the Apatanis of Arunachal Pradesh, zabo system of Nagaland and dong irrigation among the Bodos of Assam which are traditionally managed by the farmers. This article examines the farmers’ participation in irrigation management in the NE region. It attempts to highlight the changes of PIM policies, involvement of farmers or the Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) in irrigation management, constraints and suggest ways to strengthen them for efficient use of irrigation water in the NE region of India.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Land Suitability for the Optimization of the Irrigation System in the Anger River Basin, Ethiopia

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Meseret Dawit ◽  
Megarsa Olumana Dinka ◽  
Olkeba Tolessa Leta ◽  
Fiseha Behulu Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Suitability ◽  
Suitability Maps ◽  
Suitable Area

Evaluating climate change impacts and the suitability of potential land resources is crucial for sustainable irrigated agricultural systems. This study applied a multi-criteria analysis supported by the Geographic Information System (GIS) application to produce irrigation suitability maps for the Anger River basin’s (Ethiopia) irrigation command area to optimize its irrigation system. Six irrigation suitability factors, such as distance to water sources (rivers), slope, land use/land cover, soil texture, drainage, and depth, including climate change impacts, were used. These factors were spatially analyzed using a comparison matrix and overlying the factors with 30 m resolutions to estimate the potential irrigable area. About 40% of the study area was classified as moderately to highly suitable for surface water irrigation systems. Moreover, we found that a large proportion of the study area is suitable for surface irrigation system, suggesting the relevance of implementing an enhanced irrigation system for improving the surface irrigation water productivity of the basin. However, future climate change is predicted to negatively affect the irrigation suitable area due to water scarcity. Therefore, this study provides useful information on the irrigation suitability and potential of the study area that could be used to facilitate the water resource development and food security plans.

Replacement of Sub Minors With Pressurized Irrigation Systems: In Canal Command Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Monali Patel ◽  
◽  
Sahita I Waikhom ◽  
Dr. P.G. Agnihotry Dr. P.G. Agnihotry
Keyword(s):  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Pressurized Irrigation ◽  
Canal Command ◽  
Canal Command Area
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