scholarly journals Assessment of chromium contamination in the surface water and soil at the riparian of Abbay River caused by the nearby industries in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agegnehu Alemu ◽  
Nigus Gabbiye
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Chromium Contamination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water And Soil Samples

Chromium and its compounds are among the most well known strategic and critical materials in the world having a wide range of uses in the metals and chemical industries accompanied with chromium containing byproducts resulted in pollution of the environment. Chromium exists in the environment commonly in two oxidation states; Chromium (III) and chromium (VI), the later with the most toxic. The level of chromium contamination of water and soil samples in the peripheral of Abbay River were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Horiba Scientific Ultima 2. The level of total chromium at the riparian of upper Abbay River both in the water and soil samples indicated higher concentrations near the wastewater discharge points from industries compared to the control site (above the industries). A sample taken near the discharge point of Habesha Tannery wastewater (S7), an average of 8.420 ± 5.409 mg/L total chromium was analysed, which is beyond the permissible limit to the surface water discharge set by WHO. It was also at this point, maximum chromium contamination in the soil was identified with an average of 232.465 ± 56.219 mg/kg. This was much higher than the control 7.60 ± 0.47 mg/kg. This study showed that the two tanneries discharge high chromium containing wastewater resulted from low treatment potential of the existing treatment plants established by the industries.

Advances in sample digestion using microwave-ultraviolet radiations: phosphorus and sulfur determination in animal feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo L. R. Novo ◽  
Priscila T. Scaglioni ◽  
Rodrigo M. Pereira ◽  
Filipe S. Rondan ◽  
Gilberto S. Coelho Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulfur Determination

Background: Conventional analytical methods for phosphorus and sulfur determination in several matrices present normally analytical challenges regarding inaccuracy, detectability and waste generation. Objective: The main objective is proposing a green and feasible analytical method for phosphorus and sulfur determination in animal feed. Methods: Synergic effect between microwave and ultraviolet radiations during sample preparation was evaluated for the first time for the animal feed digestion associated with further phosphorus and sulfur determination by ion chromatography with conductivity detection. Dissolved carbon and residual acidity in final digests were used for the proposed method assessment. Phosphorus and sulfur values were compared with those obtained using conventional microwave-assisted wet digestion in closed vessels associated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and with those obtained using Association of Official Analytical Chemists International official method. Recovery tests and certified reference material analysis were performed. Animal feeds were analyzed using the proposed method. Results: Sample masses of 500 mg were efficiently digested using only 2 mol L -1 HNO3. The results obtained by the proposed method was not differing significantly (p > 0.05) from those obtained by the conventional and official methods. Suitable recoveries (from 94 to 99%), agreement with certified values (101 and 104%) and relative standard deviations (< 8%) were achieved. Phosphorus and sulfur content in commercial products varied in a wide range (P: 5,873 to 28,387 mg kg-1 and S: 2,165 to 4,501 mg kg-1 ). Conclusion: The proposed method is a green, safe, accurate, precise and sensitive alternative for animal feed quality control.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Semiconductor Nanocomposites Doped with Ag Nanoclusters Under UV and Visible Light

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge González-Rodríguez ◽  
Lucía Fernández ◽  
Yanina B. Bava ◽  
David Buceta ◽  
Carlos Vázquez-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Silver Nanoclusters ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocomposites

Emerging contaminants (ECs) represent a wide range of compounds, whose complete elimination from wastewaters by conventional methods is not always guaranteed, posing human and environmental risks. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the generation of highly oxidizing species, lead to the degradation of these ECs. In this context, TiO2 and ZnO are the most widely used inorganic photocatalysts, mainly due to their low cost and wide availability. The addition of small amounts of nanoclusters may imply enhanced light absorption and an attenuation effect on the recombination rate of electron/hole pairs, resulting in improved photocatalytic activity. In this work, we propose the use of silver nanoclusters deposited on ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO–Ag), with a view to evaluating their catalytic activity under both ultraviolet A (UVA) and visible light, in order to reduce energetic requirements in prospective applications on a larger scale. The catalysts were produced and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). As proof of concept of the capacity of photocatalysts doped with nanoclusters, experiments were carried out to remove the azo dye Orange II (OII). The results demonstrated the high photocatalytic efficiency achieved thanks to the incorporation of nanoclusters, especially evident in the experiments performed under white light.

Accumulation of micronutrients (Cu, Zn) in vineyard soils and transport via soil erosion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabella Babcsányi ◽  
Nhung Thi Ha Pham ◽  
Péter Balling ◽  
Zalán Tobak ◽  
Andrea Farsang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Cu And Zn

&lt;p&gt;Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are important micronutrients for vine plants; however, the long-term use of Cu-fungicides and micronutrient fertilizers can lead to their accumulation in the topsoil of vineyards. Water erosion on sloping vineyards transports sediments downslope, a processus that may redistribute micronutrients in the topsoils. Our study aims at assessing the rate of enrichment in Cu and Zn of vineyard topsoils compared to the geochemical background and their downhill transport during rainfall events attached to sediments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was conducted in 2019 in a 1,8 ha sloping vineyard at Tokaj (mean slope: 8&amp;#176;) and a 0.4 ha plot near T&amp;#225;llya (mean slope: 18&amp;#176;), both in the historical vinegrowing region of Tokaj-Hegyalja (in northern Hungary). The vineyards at Tokaj have been converted to organic farming, where Cu-based fungicides are repeatedly used in a typical dose of 4 kg/ha/year, supplemented with fertilizers containing micronutrients. The soil samples from the top layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) have been collected using a hand auger from the two vineyards and from local forested sites, the latter accounting for the local geochemical background. Additionally, sediment traps have been deployed for collecting eroded sediment samples. The examined soil type is a Regosol at Tokaj with sandy loam texture, while the Cambisol at T&amp;#225;llya displays slightly heavier soil texture (sandy loam/loam). The soils are characterized by a slightly acidic pH(d.w.) of 6.36&amp;#177;0.27 at T&amp;#225;llya and a moderately alkaline pH(d.w.) of 8.03&amp;#177;0.04 at Tokaj. The differing pH is due to the soil forming parent rocks, that are loess at Tokaj and rhyolite at T&amp;#225;llya. The topsoils (0-20 cm) bear a low to medium organic matter (OM) content (1.5&amp;#177;0.5% OM at T&amp;#225;llya and 1.4&amp;#177;0.2% OM at Tokaj) and a low carbonate content at T&amp;#225;llya (3.1&amp;#177;0.2%), while a low to medium carbonate content at Tokaj (4.4&amp;#177;1.5%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The micronutrient (Cu, Zn) concentrations have been determined by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer, following microwave-assisted digestion of powdered soil samples in aqua regia (hydrochloric acid:nitric acid = 3:1). At T&amp;#225;llya, our results show a considerable Cu enrichment and a slight Zn enrichment in the topsoil (mean&amp;#177;se: 127&amp;#177;37 mg/kg Cu, 47&amp;#177;4 mg/kg Zn) due to the repeated use of pesticides and fertilizers, compared to a local forested soil displaying 5 mg/kg Cu and 28 mg/kg Zn. The lower Cu enrichment in the vineyard topsoil at Tokaj (49&amp;#177;14 mg/kg in vineyards, 17 mg/kg at the local forested site) is probably due to the more recent plantation of grapevines. The soil-bound Zn at Tokaj also displayed to some degree higher concentrations in the top 20 cm layers in vineyards (64&amp;#177;6 mg/kg) as to the forest soil, exhibiting 41&amp;#177;3 mg/kg Zn. At both sites, eroded sediments tend to display higher Cu and Zn concentrations relative to the vineyard topsoils with mean enrichment factors (sediments/topsoil) of 4.2 (Cu) and 1.4 (Zn). Additionally, we evidenced that soil erosion significantly affects the topsoil Cu concentrations at Tokaj, as higher Cu concentrations have been found downslope, where the eroded sediments accumulate, compared to the erosion bases upstream.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements Accumulation in the Hair of Malagasy Children and Adolescents in Relation to Their Age and Nutritional Status

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak ◽  
Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik ◽  
Zofia Wojciechowska ◽  
Jędrzej Proch ◽  
Ryszard Kowalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Mean

Due to undesired influence, the accumulation of rare earth elements (REE) in the human body has been discussed recently. However, it is usually limited to the study of the population living where REE ores and mines are located. The aim of the experiment presented was to analyse the concentration of REE in the hair of children and teenagers living in two areas of Madagascar in relation to the place of residence, nutritional status, age and sex. REE concentration was determined in scalp hair of 262 of subjects (5–19 years old) by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. The content of total REE in the Malagasy hair was in the range of 0.79–44.15 mg/kg. The nutritional status was evaluated by Cole’s index, and malnutrition of children was observed more often in village areas. The concentration of these elements was also determined in 20 samples for the estimation of environmental exposure. No significant differences were detected in the content of these elements in the studied regions, although the mean value was always higher in soil samples from the Antananariva region. The obtained data suggest dependence between REE concentration in the hair and age, and nutritional status of the examined subjects. Even if the observed correlations are weak, they contribute significant knowledge on the accumulation of REE in the bodies of children living in areas that are not recognised as deposits of these elements.

scholarly journals ICP/XRF Analysis for Trace Elements in Soil Samples from Gezira and Suki Schemes, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Marwa M Adam ◽  
Mustafa M Osman ◽  
Ahmed Salih Elhag ◽  
Mohamed A Elsheikh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In the present study, soil samples have been collected from two different agriculture areas: Gezira and Suki schemes in Sudan, The elemental concentrations for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb have been determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The accuracy of measurements has been investigated by using ISE (PT) 1&4 and fortified samples for ICP, IAEA-Soil-7 XRF, respectively. A good agreement was found between certified and measured values. The average elemental concentrations by ICP of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 84.7, 48.15, 33.5, 65.43, and 12.57 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 105, 65.1, 41.3, 55.4, and 12.74 ppm, respectively. The average elemental concentrations by XRF of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 77.21, 43.72, 27.62, 86.96, and 18.74 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 123.33, 57.41, 35.99, 98.85, and 16.43 ppm, respectively. A statistical test (t-test) was applied to the data of both methods without any significant difference between the two techniques. The results obtained were compared to WHO permissible limits. Correlations between different elements were performed. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done for the data. The average elemental concentrations were calculated and compared with data from the literature. 

scholarly journals Optimization of Pigment Production by Micrococcus and Arthrobacter species Isolated from Soil and Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1902-1907
Author(s):  
Sanchita Choubey ◽  
Sneha Vittal Chapade ◽  
Supriya Ashok Garud
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Arthrobacter Species ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Bacterial Pigments

A pigment is a substance that is substantially used in different industries that come in a wide range of coloration and few of which are soluble in water. Bacterial pigments have many applications in the modern day life. Some microorganisms have the characteristics feature to produce pigments which may additionally beneficial us in identification. Bacterial pigments have larger compatibility and greater biodegradability with the environment. Nontoxic nature of pigment produced with the aid of a huge range of microorganisms make them ecofriendly for use in foodstuff, dye, cosmetics, pharmacy and different industrial purposes. Pigments of bacteria provide various advantages compared to synthetic dyes. They are biodegradable in nature, easy to extract, easily available, cheaper substrates needed. The pigment produced by the bacteria can be used as anticancer agents, antibacterial agent and anti-proliferative agents. The object of the existing find out about was once to isolated  pigment producing microorganism from water and soil samples and explores their properties. Based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics, they have been recognized as Micrococcus and Arthrobacter. The pigment isolated from bacterial spp. is used for the antimicrobial activity, anti-oxidant recreation and for optimization of pH, temperature and NaCl. It was once concluded that water and soil have various microorganisms and they have the capacity of producing pigments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Parameters for Estimating the Postmortem Interval of Skeletal Remains Using Bovine Femurs: A Pilot Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Midori Nagai ◽  
Koichi Sakurada ◽  
Kazuhiko Imaizumi ◽  
Yoshinori Ogawa ◽  
Motohiro Uo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range

The postmortem interval (PMI) of victims is a key parameter in criminal investigations. However, effective methods for estimating the PMI of skeletal remains have not been established because it is determined by various factors, including environmental conditions. To identify effective parameters for estimating the PMI of skeletal remains, we investigated the change in bone focusing on the amount of DNA, element concentrations, and bone density that occurred in the bone samples of bovine femurs, each maintained under one of five simulated environmental conditions (seawater, freshwater, underground, outdoors, and indoors) for 1 year. The amount of extracted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; 404 bp fragment) decreased over time, and significant DNA degradation (p < 0.01), as estimated by a comparison with amplification results for a shorter fragment (128 bp), was detected between 1 month and 3 months. Eleven of 30 elements were detected in samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and Na and Ba showed significant quantitative differences in terms of environmental conditions and time (p < 0.01). This preliminary study suggests that the level of DNA degradation determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and element concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission may be useful indices for estimating the PMI of victims under a wide range of environmental conditions. However, this study is a limited experimental research and not applicable to forensic cases as it is. Further studies of human bone with longer observation periods are required to verify these findings and to establish effective methods for PMI estimation.

scholarly journals Soil Pollution: A Case Study on the Determination of Toxic Elements in Soil in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Basma G. Alhogbi ◽  
Amani. F. Alsolame
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Cr Concentration

A considerable increase in the population of Jeddah City and the construction of new residential areas in the last few years has been noticed. Thus, a total of 23 soil samples were collected from three different areas of Sewage Lake, namely, Area A (polluted; the highest concentration of toxic elements), Area B (Southeast), and Area C (Northwest) for the analysis of toxic elements. The soil samples were digested by acid digestion to quantify the As, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn using Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Zn has the highest concentration in all studied areas (4821±10.2 mg/kg for A, 1108.6±9.5 mg/kg for B and 2339.8±8.7 mg/kg for C). On the other hand, Cr concentration was found 872±2.5 mg/kg for A, 1128±5.4 mg/kg for B and 680±3.4 mg/kg for C. These elements were above the level of the quality guidelines (300 mg/kg for Zn and 4.0 mg/kg for Cr). In majority of the area C samples, the concentration of Hg was found below the detection limit. The results indicated that the area A has a significantly higher metal contents as it is an inference polluted area. Hence, it is influencing the level of metal concentrations in area B, and area C might be due to wind spread. The indiscriminate disposal of hazardous waste in the study area causes a significant source of the soil contamination.

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