Applying Probabilistic Water Quality Standards in River Basin Water Quality Optimization Models

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
M. B. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Optimization ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Water Quality Models

Abstract This paper describes a method of applying probabilistic DO (dissolved oxygen) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) standards in river basin water quality models. Maximum likelihood estimators for the DO and BOD concentrations variances for each reach are used to obtain a lower bound for BOD so that the probability of violating specified DO and BOD standards is less than Θ per cent in any reach. These boundary values for DO and BOD concentrations are incorporated into a nonlinear water quality optimization model for finding the minimum cost set of wastewater treatment plant efficiencies required to meet DO and BOD standards. The method also provides the minimum DO concentration and the maximum BOD concentration which may be expected to occur 1-Θ of the time for any reach.

Robustness of River Basin Water Quality Models

2003 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. de Blois ◽  
H. G. Wind ◽  
J. L. de Kok ◽  
K. Koppeschaar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Water Quality Models

Methods to quantify and identify the sources of uncertainty for river basin water quality models

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Griensven ◽  
T. Meixner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Confidence Region ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Water Quality Models

Worldwide, the application of river basin water quality models is increasing, often imposed by law. It is, thus, important to know the degree of uncertainty associated with these models and their application to a specific watershed. These uncertainties lead to errors that are revealed when model outputs are compared to observations. Such uncertainty is typically described by calculating the residuals. However, residuals should not be seen as an estimate of total uncertainty, since through the calibration process, the residuals may be reduced by over-adjustment to the data, which is typically the case for over-parameterised models. Over-adjustment during a calibration period can also lead to highly biased results when the model is applied to other periods or environmental conditions. The total model uncertainties are, therefore, assessed by four components: the sum of the squares of the residuals (SSQ), parameter uncertainties (that can be ignored when their error is much smaller than SSQ), input data uncertainties, and an additional predictive uncertainty that is expressed when the model appears to be biased when it is applied for data other than the data used for calibration. The sources are ranked according to a quantification criterion (magnitude) as well as an identification criterion that depends on the number of observations that are covered by the confidence region. This approach is illustrated with SWAT2003 simulations for flow and sediment of Honey Creek, a tributary of the Sandusky River basin (Ohio). The results show the dominance of the model uncertainty. The input data uncertainty is less important.

The Chao Phraya River Basin: water quality and anthropogenic influences

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuanchan Singkran ◽  
Pitchaya Anantawong ◽  
Naree Intharawichian ◽  
Karika Kunta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Chao Phraya River

Abstract Land use influences and trends in water quality parameters were determined for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) showed significant trends (R2 ≥ 0.5) across the year, while total phosphorus (TP) and faecal coliform bacteria (FCB) showed significant trends only in the wet season. DO increased, but BOD, NO3-N, and TP decreased, from the lower section (river kilometres (rkm) 7–58 from the river mouth) through the middle section (rkm 58–143) to the upper section (rkm 143–379) of the river. Lead and mercury showed weak/no trends (R2 < 0.5). Based on the river section, major land use groups were a combination of urban and built-up areas (43%) and aquaculture (21%) in the lower river basin, paddy fields (56%) and urban and built-up areas (21%) in the middle river basin, and paddy fields (44%) and other agricultural areas (34%) in the upper river basin. Most water quality and land use attributes had significantly positive or negative correlations (at P ≤ 0.05) among each other. The river was in crisis because of high FCB concentrations. Serious measures are suggested to manage FCB and relevant human activities in the river basin.

Water quality of the Beli Lom river

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Stamou ◽  
Bogdana Koumanova ◽  
Stoyan Stoyanov ◽  
Georgy Atanasov ◽  
Konstantinos Pipilis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Order Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Do Concentration

A general methodology for the study of water quality in rivers is presented. The paper consists of four parts. In the first part the general characteristics of the area of study, which is the Beli Lom river, and its major pollution sources are presented. The effluent of the Razgrad Wastewater Treatment Plant (RWWTP) has been identified as the most significant pollution point source, due to the inadequate performance of the plant. The second part deals with data collection and processing. Four series of data have been collected, including physical, flow and water quality characteristics. In the third part a 1-d, finite-difference, second-order model is presented. In the fourth part, the model is calibrated, for the determination of its main coefficients, and is successfully verified by predicting the BOD and DO concentrations in the Beli Lom river for all series of data. Finally, the model has been applied to determine the maximum BOD and minimum DO effluent concentrations of the RWWTP, so that a minimum DO concentration is maintained throughout the river.

scholarly journals Development and Substantiation of Regional Water Quality Standards in Respect of Heavy Metals Content for the Upper Kama Basin Water Bodies

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Regional Water

The paper presents a new methodology for establishing regional water quality standards for the Upper Kama water bodies. Water bodies of the Upper Kama Basin are receiving wastewater from one of the largest industrial complexes of the Kama basin – Solikamsk-Berezniki industrial hub. The approach takes into account factors that determine the content of heavy metals in natural waters and the spatial/temporal variability of their content in the water bodies of the Upper Kama basin. The developed approach is implemented in establishment of regional water quality standards for the Upper Kama basin.

scholarly journals Influence of urban area on the water quality of the Campo River basin, Paraná State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Q. Carvalho ◽  
S. B. Lima ◽  
F. H. Passig ◽  
L. K. Gusmão ◽  
D. C. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Public ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The Campo River basin is located on the third plateau of the Paraná State or trap plateau of Paraná, at the middle portion between the rivers Ivaí and Piquiri, southern Brazil, between the coordinates 23° 53 and 24° 10’ South Latitude and 52° 15’ and 52° 31’ West Longitude. The basin has 384 Km² area, being 247 km2 in the municipality of Campo Mourão and 137 km2 in the municipality of Peabiru, in Paraná State. The Campo River is a left bank tributary of the Mourão River, which flows into the Ivaí River. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Km 119 River and the Campo River, tributaries of the Mourão River, with monthly collection of water samples to determine pH, temperature, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, total solids, total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and total phosphorus. The results obtained were compared with the indices established by the environmental legislation and applied in the determination of the Water Quality Index (WQI) used by the Water Institute of Paraná State, regulating environmental agency. Poor water quality in these rivers presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the public system. Results of organic matter, fecal coliforms and total phosphorus were higher than the limits established by Resolution CONAMA 357/2005 to river class 2, specially at downstream of the Km 119 River and the Campo River, due to the significant influence of the urban anthropic activity by the lack of tertiary treatment and also rural by the lack of basic sanitation in this area. Results of WQI of Km 119 River and do Campo River indicated that water quality can be classified as average in 71% and good in 29% of the sites evaluated.

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