Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

Use of Peat in Septic Tank Effluent Treatment - Column Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Rana ◽  
T. Viraraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Abstract Studies were undertaken to examine the performance of peat filters under dynamic operating conditions. Five laboratory columns were used to determine the treatment capacity of peat at varying hydraulic and organic loadings. The columns with 200, 250, 300, 350 and 500 mm of peat compacted to a density of 100 kg/m3 were studied treating septic tank effluent. All the columns were dosed at uniform rates of 64 mm/d, 89 mm/d, 115 mm/d and 140 mm/d of septic tank effluent for periods of 14, 16, 10 and 4 weeks respectively. Results of column studies showed SS removal of 85-99%, BOD, COD removals in the 40 to 80% range, TKN removal of 0 to 90% and phosphorus removal of 0 to 25%. In general, excellent ( > 95%) fecal coliform reduction was obtained.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment by Subsurface Horizontal Flow Wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellina S. Pandebesie ◽  
Ni Wayan Budi Arie
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Bod Removal

Domestic wastewater treatment in Indonesia, mostly treat by using septic tanks. The use of septic tanks preferred by the public because of the design, construction, and maintenance are easy and more economical for the system of domestic wastewater disposal. Effluent from the septic tank still contains BOD about 100 mg /l, COD about 250 mg/l and TSS about 100 mg /l. This effluent is still dangerous to public health and is not fulfill wastewater effluent standards yet. If there is open space available, extended treatment of septic tank effluent can be done by field infiltration. This open space must suitable for infiltration without contaminating the ground water or well water. In urban areas with ground water level is high such as Surabaya, water infiltrate into the ground causing the problem. Problems that arise are due to pollution of ground water and surface water contaminated by effluent from the septic tank. Because of these problems, it would require an alternative treatment of septic tank effluent. Appropriate technology would be a simple, economical, easy in operation and maintenance. One of wastewater processing that can be applied to the septic tank effluent is a constructed wetland system. Previous research carried out by using Cyperus papyrus plant with sand media in batch experiments showed satisfactory results. In this study, experiments conducted by using Cyperus papyrus plant with sand media with continuous flow in a horizontal subsurface flow wetland method. Wastewater flows with varying flow 90 ml /min and 180 ml /min. The objective of this research is to determine the ability of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland for treating septic tank effluent. The parameters analyzed were BOD and TSS. The results show the relation of organic loading rate with BOD removal efficiency. The highest organic loading rate of 0.051 kg BOD/m2.d on first day observations has BOD removal efficiency of 73.63% and the lowest organic loading rate of 0.029 kg BOD/m2.d with an efficiency of 70.82%. This shows that BOD removal efficiency is affected by organic loading rate. If BOD loading rate increase, it will decrease BOD removal efficiency. Organic loading rate recommended for domestic wastewater is 0.037-0.4 kg BOD5 /m2.d. Although in this study the organic loading rate exceeds the above recommendations, but efficiency is still good, above 70%.

Effect of soil fortified by polyurethane foam on septic tank effluent treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Nie ◽  
N. W. Zhu ◽  
K. M. Lin ◽  
F. Y. Song
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Fortified soil was made up of a mixture at a mass ratio 4/1000–6/1000 of sponge and natural soil according to the results of column experiment. The fortified soil had bigger porosity and higher hydraulic conductivity than the natural soil. The columns packed with 900 mm of the fortified soil endured a flow rate equivalent to 100 L/m2/d of septic tank effluent and the average chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal rates were around 92%, 75% and 96%, respectively. After 100 weeks of operation, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the fortified soil kept higher than 0.2 m/d. The bigger porosity of sponge improved the effective porosity, and the bigger specific surface area of sponge acted as an ideal support for biomat growth and ensured the sewage treatment performance of the fortified soil. The comparable performance was due to a similar and sufficient degree of soil clogging genesis coupled with bioprocesses that effectively purified the septic tank effluent given the adequate retention times.

Analysis of the bacterial community changes in soil for septic tank effluent treatment in response to bio-clogging

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1412-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Nie ◽  
N. W. Zhu ◽  
K. Zhao ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
Y. H. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Soil columns were set up to survey the bacterial community in the soil for septic tank effluent treatment. When bio-clogging occurred in the soil columns, the effluent from the columns was in poorer quality. To evaluate changes of the soil bacterial community in response to bio-clogging, the bacterial community was characterized by DNA gene sequences from soil samples after polymerase chain reaction coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis process. Correspondence analysis showed that Proteobacteria related bacteria were the main bacteria within the soil when treating septic tank effluent. However, Betaproteobacteria related bacteria were the dominant microorganisms in the normal soil, whereas Alphaproteobacteria related bacteria were more abundant in the clogged soil. This study provided insight into changes of the soil bacterial community in response to bio-clogging. The results can supply some useful information for the design and management of soil infiltration systems.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Greywater Treatment Using Nonwoven Textile Filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3205
Author(s):  
Marcin Spychała ◽  
Thanh Hung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Set Up

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of novel nonwoven textile filter technology for greywater treatment. This technology had already been used on a lab scale for septic tank effluent treatment; however, this study is the first time it has been used for greywater treatment. The set-up period with septic tank effluent (STE) feeding was significantly shorter than that of greywater feeding. The average capacities of both filter types were practically the same: 1.0–1.4 cm d−1. The relatively high efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal (58.8–71.6% and 56.7–79.8%, respectively) were obtained thanks to the relatively low filtration velocity and effective diffusion of atmospheric air into the greywater. The relatively high efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) removal (67.0–88.4%) was obtained by reducing the effective pore size of the filtration layer due to high biomass concentration and accumulation of suspended solids. Thanks to hydrostatic pressure, the filters can work practically with very low energy consumption. The pollutants removal efficiencies were satisfactory in respect to simple construction and maintenance, low investment and operational costs.

Batch studies on septic tank effluent treatment using peat

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Viraraghavan ◽  
A. Ayyaswami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Batch studies were conducted to determine the efficiency of Saskatchewan horticultural peat to remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, nitrogen, and indicator microorganisms from septic tank effluent. Results of the studies showed that peat was effective in adsorbing 35–50% of dissolved BOD, COD, and organic carbon from the septic tank effluent and in removing indicator microorganisms to the extent of 45–70%. The studies showed that peat has the potential to be used as a medium for septic tank effluent treatment in areas with high water table and with bedrock at shallow depths. Because of leaching of pollutants from peat in the 2-h batch studies, it is necessary to conduct long-term column studies to observe the length of time up to which leaching continues and to evaluate the performance of a peat filtration system under dynamic conditions. Key words: batch studies, septic tank effluent, treatment, peat, adsorption isotherms, indicator microorganisms.

The lateral-flow sand-filter system for septic-tank effluent treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Check ◽  
D. H. Waller ◽  
S. A. Lee ◽  
D. A. Pask ◽  
J. D. Mooers
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Study of a Constructed Wetland-Pond System for Treatment from Campus Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Wen Sheng Ou ◽  
Jun Hong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Pond System ◽  
In Series ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Campus Building

A constructed wetland-pond system consisting of a subsurface-flow (SSF) wetland, and a scenic pond in series was used for reclamation of septic tank effluent from a campus building. The results show that SSF wetlands effectively removed major pollutants under a hydraulic loading rate between 3.6 and 7.1 cm/d, with average efficiencies ranging from 85% to 86% for TSS, and 71% to 84% for BOD5. There were a variety of ornamental plants and aquatic animals established in the scenic pond with good water quality, thus enhancing landscape and ecology amenity in campuses.

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