Batch studies on septic tank effluent treatment using peat

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Viraraghavan ◽  
A. Ayyaswami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Batch studies were conducted to determine the efficiency of Saskatchewan horticultural peat to remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, nitrogen, and indicator microorganisms from septic tank effluent. Results of the studies showed that peat was effective in adsorbing 35–50% of dissolved BOD, COD, and organic carbon from the septic tank effluent and in removing indicator microorganisms to the extent of 45–70%. The studies showed that peat has the potential to be used as a medium for septic tank effluent treatment in areas with high water table and with bedrock at shallow depths. Because of leaching of pollutants from peat in the 2-h batch studies, it is necessary to conduct long-term column studies to observe the length of time up to which leaching continues and to evaluate the performance of a peat filtration system under dynamic conditions. Key words: batch studies, septic tank effluent, treatment, peat, adsorption isotherms, indicator microorganisms.

Use of Peat in Septic Tank Effluent Treatment - Column Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Rana ◽  
T. Viraraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Abstract Studies were undertaken to examine the performance of peat filters under dynamic operating conditions. Five laboratory columns were used to determine the treatment capacity of peat at varying hydraulic and organic loadings. The columns with 200, 250, 300, 350 and 500 mm of peat compacted to a density of 100 kg/m3 were studied treating septic tank effluent. All the columns were dosed at uniform rates of 64 mm/d, 89 mm/d, 115 mm/d and 140 mm/d of septic tank effluent for periods of 14, 16, 10 and 4 weeks respectively. Results of column studies showed SS removal of 85-99%, BOD, COD removals in the 40 to 80% range, TKN removal of 0 to 90% and phosphorus removal of 0 to 25%. In general, excellent ( > 95%) fecal coliform reduction was obtained.

Effect of soil fortified by polyurethane foam on septic tank effluent treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Nie ◽  
N. W. Zhu ◽  
K. M. Lin ◽  
F. Y. Song
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Fortified soil was made up of a mixture at a mass ratio 4/1000–6/1000 of sponge and natural soil according to the results of column experiment. The fortified soil had bigger porosity and higher hydraulic conductivity than the natural soil. The columns packed with 900 mm of the fortified soil endured a flow rate equivalent to 100 L/m2/d of septic tank effluent and the average chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal rates were around 92%, 75% and 96%, respectively. After 100 weeks of operation, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the fortified soil kept higher than 0.2 m/d. The bigger porosity of sponge improved the effective porosity, and the bigger specific surface area of sponge acted as an ideal support for biomat growth and ensured the sewage treatment performance of the fortified soil. The comparable performance was due to a similar and sufficient degree of soil clogging genesis coupled with bioprocesses that effectively purified the septic tank effluent given the adequate retention times.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Greywater Treatment Using Nonwoven Textile Filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3205
Author(s):  
Marcin Spychała ◽  
Thanh Hung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Set Up

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of novel nonwoven textile filter technology for greywater treatment. This technology had already been used on a lab scale for septic tank effluent treatment; however, this study is the first time it has been used for greywater treatment. The set-up period with septic tank effluent (STE) feeding was significantly shorter than that of greywater feeding. The average capacities of both filter types were practically the same: 1.0–1.4 cm d−1. The relatively high efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal (58.8–71.6% and 56.7–79.8%, respectively) were obtained thanks to the relatively low filtration velocity and effective diffusion of atmospheric air into the greywater. The relatively high efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) removal (67.0–88.4%) was obtained by reducing the effective pore size of the filtration layer due to high biomass concentration and accumulation of suspended solids. Thanks to hydrostatic pressure, the filters can work practically with very low energy consumption. The pollutants removal efficiencies were satisfactory in respect to simple construction and maintenance, low investment and operational costs.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent by Membrane Bioreactor: A Laboratory–scale Feasibility Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C–Y. Chang ◽  
Roger Ben Aim ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
J–S. Chang ◽  
S–L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

A laboratory scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) fed on real septic tank effluent was studied at different levels of alkalinity (0, 250 and 500 mg NaHCO3/L addition) and sludge retention time (SRT, complete sludge retention, 10 and 20 days). A long–term operation of 267 days was divided into 5 stages to examine the SRT and alkalinity influences on parameters related to nitrification, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and membrane cleaning. The results of the study showed that the removals of TCOD, SCOD and NH4+–N varied between 86–94%, 71–86%, and 70–94%, respectively. Appropriate alkalinity supplement and SRT control can enhance the COD removal and nitrification. Irreversible membrane fouling occurred fast and water cleaning for the improvement of filtration capacity was ineffective. The results also revealed that the rejection of EPS played a major role both in the enhancement of removal efficiency as well as the increase of filtration resistance during the operation.

scholarly journals Alternative collection systems for decentralized wastewater management: an overview and case study of the vacuum collection system in Eretria town, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Gikas ◽  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
Dimitrios Sougioultzis ◽  
Maria Farazaki ◽  
George Tchobanoglous
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Installation Cost ◽  
Wastewater Collection

In small and rural communities, the installation cost of conventional gravity-flow collection systems is often very expensive due to the presence of rocky terrain, high water table, unstable soils, extremely flat terrain, which may impose substantial difficulties in construction. Pressure, vacuum and septic tank effluent gravity collection systems are among the alternatives sewers used most commonly. As these systems are designed to be watertight, design allowances for infiltration and inflow are not required. Moreover, exfiltration does not occur in these systems, thus eliminating the risk for soil or underground water contamination. The installation cost of the alternative wastewater collection systems is often significantly lower by as much as 20–50%, compared to conventional gravity-flow collection systems. In general, alternative collection systems are suitable for communities of 10,000 people or less. In this paper, alternative wastewater collection systems are described and their benefits, costs and drawbacks are compared to conventional gravity-flow collection systems. Eretria, a relatively flat littoral town in Greece, with many shallow archaeological ruins has been selected to illustrate the optimal selection of a sewer system. Using multi-criteria analysis, the vacuum sewer system has been selected as being the most advantageous, both in terms of financial and technical considerations.

Analysis of the bacterial community changes in soil for septic tank effluent treatment in response to bio-clogging

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1412-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Nie ◽  
N. W. Zhu ◽  
K. Zhao ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
Y. H. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Soil columns were set up to survey the bacterial community in the soil for septic tank effluent treatment. When bio-clogging occurred in the soil columns, the effluent from the columns was in poorer quality. To evaluate changes of the soil bacterial community in response to bio-clogging, the bacterial community was characterized by DNA gene sequences from soil samples after polymerase chain reaction coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis process. Correspondence analysis showed that Proteobacteria related bacteria were the main bacteria within the soil when treating septic tank effluent. However, Betaproteobacteria related bacteria were the dominant microorganisms in the normal soil, whereas Alphaproteobacteria related bacteria were more abundant in the clogged soil. This study provided insight into changes of the soil bacterial community in response to bio-clogging. The results can supply some useful information for the design and management of soil infiltration systems.

scholarly journals Long-term flow rates and biomat zone hydrology in soil columns receiving septic tank effluent

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2327-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Beal ◽  
E.A. Gardner ◽  
G. Kirchhof ◽  
N.W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Septic Tank ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent
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