Effect of soil fortified by polyurethane foam on septic tank effluent treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Nie ◽  
N. W. Zhu ◽  
K. M. Lin ◽  
F. Y. Song
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Fortified soil was made up of a mixture at a mass ratio 4/1000–6/1000 of sponge and natural soil according to the results of column experiment. The fortified soil had bigger porosity and higher hydraulic conductivity than the natural soil. The columns packed with 900 mm of the fortified soil endured a flow rate equivalent to 100 L/m2/d of septic tank effluent and the average chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal rates were around 92%, 75% and 96%, respectively. After 100 weeks of operation, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the fortified soil kept higher than 0.2 m/d. The bigger porosity of sponge improved the effective porosity, and the bigger specific surface area of sponge acted as an ideal support for biomat growth and ensured the sewage treatment performance of the fortified soil. The comparable performance was due to a similar and sufficient degree of soil clogging genesis coupled with bioprocesses that effectively purified the septic tank effluent given the adequate retention times.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Greywater Treatment Using Nonwoven Textile Filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3205
Author(s):  
Marcin Spychała ◽  
Thanh Hung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Set Up

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of novel nonwoven textile filter technology for greywater treatment. This technology had already been used on a lab scale for septic tank effluent treatment; however, this study is the first time it has been used for greywater treatment. The set-up period with septic tank effluent (STE) feeding was significantly shorter than that of greywater feeding. The average capacities of both filter types were practically the same: 1.0–1.4 cm d−1. The relatively high efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal (58.8–71.6% and 56.7–79.8%, respectively) were obtained thanks to the relatively low filtration velocity and effective diffusion of atmospheric air into the greywater. The relatively high efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) removal (67.0–88.4%) was obtained by reducing the effective pore size of the filtration layer due to high biomass concentration and accumulation of suspended solids. Thanks to hydrostatic pressure, the filters can work practically with very low energy consumption. The pollutants removal efficiencies were satisfactory in respect to simple construction and maintenance, low investment and operational costs.

Batch studies on septic tank effluent treatment using peat

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Viraraghavan ◽  
A. Ayyaswami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Batch studies were conducted to determine the efficiency of Saskatchewan horticultural peat to remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, nitrogen, and indicator microorganisms from septic tank effluent. Results of the studies showed that peat was effective in adsorbing 35–50% of dissolved BOD, COD, and organic carbon from the septic tank effluent and in removing indicator microorganisms to the extent of 45–70%. The studies showed that peat has the potential to be used as a medium for septic tank effluent treatment in areas with high water table and with bedrock at shallow depths. Because of leaching of pollutants from peat in the 2-h batch studies, it is necessary to conduct long-term column studies to observe the length of time up to which leaching continues and to evaluate the performance of a peat filtration system under dynamic conditions. Key words: batch studies, septic tank effluent, treatment, peat, adsorption isotherms, indicator microorganisms.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Assessment of phytoremediation potencial of Allium cepa L. in raw sewage treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Bertan ◽  
F. P. Baumbach ◽  
I. B. Tonial ◽  
T. S. Pokrywiecki ◽  
E. Düsman
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Physicochemical Data

Abstract Whereas the effects of the substances found in domestic sewage on live organisms is important to evaluate the use of plants to remove pollutants from the environment. The objective of this study was to assess the phytoremediation activity of Allium cepa L. (onion) roots exposed to raw sewage, as well as the acute toxic activity of this effluent for the bioindicators A. cepa, through a cytotoxicity test, and Artemia salina L., through a mortality/immobility test. The physicochemical assessments of the sewage were conducted in two scenarios: immediately after collection and after being in contact with onion roots (phytoremediation) for 24 hours. The physicochemical data indicate there was a reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus levels and in biochemical oxygen demand in sewage treated. The results from the cytotoxicity test with A. cepa indicated a reduction in the mitotic cell divisions of the onions treated with the raw sewage. The mortality/immobility test with A. salina indicated that the concentrations with 50 and 100% of raw sewage induced the mortality of the nauplii. Thus, the data suggest new studies that seek greater efficiency, efficacy and viability of onion phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Performance of sewage treatment plant with septic tank, anaerobic filter and constructed wetland with Typha spp

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paulo Fortes Neto ◽  
Nara Lucia Perondi Fortes ◽  
Elizabeth Da Costa Neves Fernandes de Almeida Duarte ◽  
Rita Do Amaral Fragoso ◽  
Ana Catarina Marcos Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Before And After

  The study reports the performance of a sanitary effluent treatment constituted by a septic tank, anaerobic filter and constructed wetland. The study monitored nutrient’s, carbonaceous material’s and thermotolerant coliform’s (CT) removal efficiency during 12 months. The treatment system included a septic tank, an anaerobic filter and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland cultivated with Typha spp. Effluent samples were monthly collected before and after the septic tank, anaerobic filter and wetland. The removal efficiency for N-NH+4 was 37.6%, 66.3% for total P, 37% for COD, 54% for BOD and 99.4% for CT. The anaerobic filter and wetland were more efficient than the septic tank. P-total reduction was higher in the constructed wetland than in the anaerobic filter. Climatic conditions influenced the evaluated constituent’s removal being the highest values during hot months.

Performance of a pilot-scale constructed wetland for stormwater runoff and domestic sewage treatment on the banks of a polluted urban river

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Guo ◽  
Zhu Li ◽  
Shuiping Cheng ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Feng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Integrated Constructed Wetland ◽  
One Year

To examine the performance of a constructed wetland system on stormwater runoff and domestic sewage (SRS) treatment in central east China, two parallel pilot-scale integrated constructed wetland (ICW) systems were operated for one year. Each ICW consisted of a down-flow bed, an up-flow bed and a horizontal subsurface flow bed. The average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 63.6, 91.9, 38.7, 43.0 and 70.0%, respectively, and the corresponding amounts of pollutant retention were approximately 368.3, 284.9, 23.2, 44.6 and 5.9 g m−2 yr−1, respectively. High hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 200 mm/d and low water temperatures (<15 °C) resulted in significant decrease in removals for TP and NH4+-N, but had no significant effects on removals of COD and TSS. These results indicated that the operation of this ICW at higher HLR (200 mm/d) might be effective and feasible for TSS and COD removal, but for acceptable removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus it should be operated at lower HLR (100 mm/d). This kind of ICW could be employed as an effective technique for SRS treatment.

scholarly journals Bacterial community shift and effects of the inclusion of a mixed psychrotrophic bacteria strain for sewage treatment in constructed wetland in winter seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaoyan xu ◽  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Zhinan Guo ◽  
Lianglun Sun ◽  
Meizhen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria

Abstract The mechanism of wastewater treatment based on psychrophilic strains to improve the denitrification efficiency of constructed wetlands at low temperatures has already become a new hotspot. In this study, three mixed psychrophilic strains (Psychrobacter TM-1, Sphingobacterium TM-2 and Pseudomonas TM-3) with high capacity of denitrification were added into a vertical-flow constructed wetlands (CWs), and the effect of the mixed strains on CWs sewage treatment was evaluated. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was quantified to establish the degradation kinetic model and determine the best dosage of the mixed strains. The effect mechanism of the mixed strains on indigenous microbial community and the change of sewage treatment performance in low temperature constructed wetlands was clarified by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the mixed strains can effectively remove the organic pollutants (nitrogen and phosphorus) and the optimum dosage of the mixed strain was 2.5%,with average removal rates of 1.52, 2.12, 2.07 and 1.29 times than those of the control. Meanwhile, the dominant strains in the CWs were Proteobacteria (31.23–44.34%), Chloroflexi (12.04–19.05%), Actinobacteria (10.6-20.62%), Acidobacteria (8.23–11.65%), Firmicutes (2.23–15.95%) and Bacteroidetes (4.01–18.9%). These findings provide a basis for the removal of pollutants in constructed wetlands at low temperature.

scholarly journals Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent by Membrane Bioreactor: A Laboratory–scale Feasibility Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C–Y. Chang ◽  
Roger Ben Aim ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
J–S. Chang ◽  
S–L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

A laboratory scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) fed on real septic tank effluent was studied at different levels of alkalinity (0, 250 and 500 mg NaHCO3/L addition) and sludge retention time (SRT, complete sludge retention, 10 and 20 days). A long–term operation of 267 days was divided into 5 stages to examine the SRT and alkalinity influences on parameters related to nitrification, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and membrane cleaning. The results of the study showed that the removals of TCOD, SCOD and NH4+–N varied between 86–94%, 71–86%, and 70–94%, respectively. Appropriate alkalinity supplement and SRT control can enhance the COD removal and nitrification. Irreversible membrane fouling occurred fast and water cleaning for the improvement of filtration capacity was ineffective. The results also revealed that the rejection of EPS played a major role both in the enhancement of removal efficiency as well as the increase of filtration resistance during the operation.

Use of Peat in Septic Tank Effluent Treatment - Column Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Rana ◽  
T. Viraraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Abstract Studies were undertaken to examine the performance of peat filters under dynamic operating conditions. Five laboratory columns were used to determine the treatment capacity of peat at varying hydraulic and organic loadings. The columns with 200, 250, 300, 350 and 500 mm of peat compacted to a density of 100 kg/m3 were studied treating septic tank effluent. All the columns were dosed at uniform rates of 64 mm/d, 89 mm/d, 115 mm/d and 140 mm/d of septic tank effluent for periods of 14, 16, 10 and 4 weeks respectively. Results of column studies showed SS removal of 85-99%, BOD, COD removals in the 40 to 80% range, TKN removal of 0 to 90% and phosphorus removal of 0 to 25%. In general, excellent ( > 95%) fecal coliform reduction was obtained.

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