scholarly journals Study on immobilization of diatomite, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaCO3, HAP and nano-HAP for heavy metal contaminated sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Zhibin Zhang ◽  
Xianhui Shi ◽  
Yanhao Zhang ◽  
Shengrui Wang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Abstract The immobilization performances of Diatomite, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaCO3, Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Nano-HAP (n-HAP) for Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd contaminated sediments were investigated by immobilization experiments and evaluated by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extraction test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The result of BCR indicated that HAP and Nano-HAP (n-HAP) had a better immobilization effect on metal contaminated sediments, and the residual fractions of Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd increased from 30.4, 31.9, 55.49 and 54.27% to 36, 39, 72, and 57%, respectively. The order for immobilized effects of additive was: n-HAP > HAP > CaCO3 > Ca(H2PO4)2 > diatomite. However, the cost-effectiveness of HAP was slightly higher than that of n-HAP, so HAP was more suitable for immobilization of heavy metals in sediment. The TCLP test showed that with HAP as immobilization the leaching amount was reduced by approximately 76, 28, 78, and 85% for Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd, respectively, compared to the blank group. The results also proved that HAP would be an effective and economical agent for immobilizing heavy metals in sediment, with the optimum mass dosage of 10% (the mass ratios of HAP/sediment (dry weight)) of the sediment.

scholarly journals Speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars produced by pyrolysis of chicken manure and water-washed swine manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andong Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Zou ◽  
Xinyi Zeng ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Leaching Procedure

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in chicken manure (CM) and water-washed swine manure (WSM) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (200 to 800 °C). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the remaining proportion, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), HCl and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) of HMs gradually declined. This result proved that the speciation of HMs in chicken manure biochars (CMB) and water-washed swine manure biochars (WSMB) was influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The proportions of stable fractions were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature and weakened the HM validity for vegetation at 800 °C. Finally, the results of the risk assessment showed that the environmental risk of HMs in CMB and WSMB decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, pyrolysis at 800 °C can provide a practical approach to lessen the initial and underlying heavy metal toxicity of CMB and WSMB to the environment.

Immobilization Efficiency Evaluation by Using Tessier, TCLP and SBET Method for As, Cu and Pb Contaminated Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xiao ◽  
Wan Qiu Yang ◽  
Liang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Leaching Procedure ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

In this paper, Tessier sequence extract procedure (SEP), toxicity leaching procedure (TCLP) and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) were employed to evaluate the immobile efficiencies for As, Cu and Pb contaminated soils. Experimental results indicated that the TCLP was efficient to extract the most active part heavy metal and evaluate the risk of the samples; the Tessier method divided heavy metals in soils to different fractions. Monitoring the changes of different fractions during the immobilizing procedure could help fully understand the mechanism of stabilization. The SBET method simulated the human digest system, thus it could be used to evaluate the risk changes to human during the immobilizing process; and to reveal the potential risk of chemical stability. In our project, these three evaluate method should be utilized properly to help accessing the risk, electing suitable immobilizing method and evaluating the efficiency of stabilization.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

Heavy metal speciation in waters, sediments and biota from Lake Macquarie, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Batley
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lead Zinc

The distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in waters and sediments from Lake Macquarie (N.S.W.) have been examined. Elevated concentrations of zinc, lead, cadmium and copper detected in surface sediments and waters from the northern end of the lake are attributable to discharges from a lead-zinc smelter on Cockle Creek. The majority of the metals are in bioavailable forms and are shown to be accumulated in seagrasses, seaweeds and bivalves. Calculations indicate that, at the current rates of discharge, the concentrations of bioavailable metals in newly-deposited sediments should not be deleterious. Elutriate tests showed that there will be no significant mobilization of metals during dredging operations to remove the contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals Screening of Heavy Metal-Immobilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Reducing Cd2+ and Pb2+ Concentrations in Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Lunguang Yao ◽  
Yadong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bacillus Thuringensis ◽  
Strong Ability

Microbial immobilization is considered as a novel and environmentally friendly technology that uses microbes to reduce heavy metals accumulation in plants. To explore microbial resources which are useful in these applications, three water spinach rhizosphere soils polluted by different levels of heavy metals (heavy pollution (CQ), medium pollution (JZ), and relative clean (NF)) were collected. The community composition of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soils and its effects on reducing the Cd2+ and Pb2+ concentrations in water spinach were evaluated. Four hundred strains were isolated from the CQ (belonging to 3 phyla and 14 genera), JZ (belonging to 4 phyla and 25 genera) and NF (belonged to 6 phyla and 34 genera) samples, respectively. In the CQ sample, 137 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+, giving Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal rates of greater than 80% in solution; Brevundimonas, Serratia, and Pseudoarthrobacter were the main genera. In total, 62 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the JZ sample and Bacillus and Serratia were the main genera. A total of 22 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the NF sample, and Bacillus was the main genus. Compared to the control, Enterobacter bugandensis CQ-7, Bacillus thuringensis CQ-33, and Klebsiella michiganensis CQ-169 significantly increased the dry weight (17.16–148%) of water spinach and reduced the contents of Cd2+ (59.78–72.41%) and Pb2+ (43.36–74.21%) in water spinach. Moreover, the soluble protein and Vc contents in the shoots of water spinach were also significantly increased (72.1–193%) in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169 compared to the control. In addition, the contents of Cd and Pb in the shoots of water spinach meet the standard for limit of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in vegetables in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169. Thus, the results provide strains as resources and a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmlands for the safe production of vegetables.

scholarly journals The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 192234
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Daofang Zhang ◽  
Feipeng Li ◽  
Hong Tao ◽  
Moting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calculated Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Rainfall makes impacts on the process of solidification/stabilization (S/S) and the long-term safety of solidified matrix. In this study, the effect of rainfall on solidification/stabilization process was investigated by the rainfall test. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) were adopted to characterize the properties of S/S sediments before and after the rainfall test. The samples cured for 28 days were selected for semi-dynamic leaching tests with a simulated acidic leachant prepared at pH of 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0. The effectiveness of S/S treatment was evaluated by diffusion coefficient ( D e ) and leachability index (LX). The results indicated that UCS decreased at maximum deterioration rate of 34.23% after 7 days of curing, along with the minimum rate of 7.98% after 28 days by rainfall, with greater than 14 days referred. The rainfall had little effect on the leaching characteristics of heavy metals during the curing process. However, the simulated acid rain made significant impacts on the leaching behaviours of the heavy metals in the S/S materials. All the values of cumulative fraction of leached heavy metals were less than 2.0%, exhibition of good stabilization of cement. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficient ( D e ) for Cu was 1.28 × 10 1 cm 2 s –1 , indicating its low mobility of heavy metal ions in S/S sediments. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficients ( D i ) for Cd, Cu and Pb were 7.44 × 10 −11 , 8.18 × 10 −12 and 7.85 × 10 −12 cm 2 s –1 , respectively, indicating their relatively low mobility of heavy metal in S/S sediments.

scholarly journals Bioremoval of Different Heavy Metals by the Resistant Fungal StrainAspergillus niger

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Acosta-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan F. Cárdenas-González ◽  
Adriana S. Rodríguez Pérez ◽  
Juana Tovar Oviedo ◽  
Víctor M. Martínez-Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this work was to study the resistance and removal capacity of heavy metals by the fungusAspergillus niger. We analyzed the resistance to some heavy metals by dry weight and plate: the fungus grew in 2000 ppm of zinc, lead, and mercury, 1200 and 1000 ppm of arsenic (III) and (VI), 800 ppm of fluor and cobalt, and least in cadmium (400 ppm). With respect to their potential of removal of heavy metals, this removal was achieved for zinc (100%), mercury (83.2%), fluor (83%), cobalt (71.4%), fairly silver (48%), and copper (37%). The ideal conditions for the removal of 100 mg/L of the heavy metals were 28°C, pH between 4.0 and 5.5, 100 ppm of heavy metal, and 1 g of fungal biomass.

scholarly journals Research on Progress in Combined Remediation Technologies of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xiangchun Wang ◽  
Long Yang ◽  
Yangyang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Polluted Sediments ◽  
Great Harm

Heavy metals contaminated sediment has become a worldwide environmental issue due to its great harm to human and aquatic organisms. Thus, economical, effective, and environmentally-friendly remediation technologies are urgently needed. Among which, combined remediation technologies have attracted widespread attention for their unique advantages. This paper introduces combined remediation technologies based on physical-, chemical-, and bio-remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments. Firstly, the research progress in physical-chemical, bio-chemical, and inter-organismal (including plants, animals, microorganisms) remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments are summarized. Additionally, the paper analyzes the problems of the process of combined remediation of heavy metals in river sediments and outlooks the future development trends of remediation technologies. Overall, this review provides useful technology references for the control and treatment of heavy metal pollution in river sediments.

Assessment of toxicity of heavy metal contaminated soils by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefang Sun ◽  
Zhengmiao Xie ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jianming Xu ◽  
Zuliang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation, Growth and Yield of Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Saima Kausar ◽  
Shahla Faizan ◽  
Irfana Haneef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Use of wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries. Wastewater contains plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of using wastewater to grow four vegetables fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and carrot (Daucus carotaL.). Two aspects namely (1) effect on plant growth and yield (2) accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in leaves and roots of the plant have been presented in this paper. The physico-chemical analysis of the wastewater showed that it was rich in total suspended and dissolved solids with large amount of BOD and COD. The higher amount of Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and K+ were also present in the effluent. The heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) content in wastewater is comparatively more than groundwater (GW). The values of these heavy metals were slightly higher in the soil irrigated with wastewater. The effluent severely affects crop plants and soil properties when used for irrigation. The growth characteristics (plant length, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf number and leaf area) as well as yield characteristics (seed number, 1000 seed weight and seed yield) of all the plants, irrigated with 100% wastewater, were more than that with groundwater. The pattern of increase for the plants was fenugreek greater than radish greater than spinach greater than carrot. Though the wastewater contains low levels of the heavy metals, the soil and plant samples show higher values due to accumulation, but their level was under permissible limits in plants. The trend of metal accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Pb greater than Ni greater than Zn greater than Cu greater than Cr greater than Cd. Of the four plants that are grown, the order of total heavy metal accumulation in roots is Carrot greater than Radish, while in leaves the order is Spinach greater than Fenugreek. The enrichment factor (EF) of the heavy metals in contaminated soil is in the sequence of Ni (3.1) greater than Pb (2.6) greater than Cd (2.35) greater than Zn (2.18) greater than Cu (1.66) greater than Cr (1.05), while in plants EF varies depending upon the species and plant part. Radish and carrot show a high transfer factor (TF greater than 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant whereas the TF values for Pb are very low as it is not bioavailable. Thus, it may be concluded that wastewater may be used profitably for the cultivation of these vegetables and could effectively supplement not only the nutrient requirement of the crop but may also act as the source of water..

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