Estrategia de componentes para el manejo integrado de Plutella xylostella L. en brócoli

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la eficiencia de la agrupación de diversos componentes para el manejo integrado de Plutella xylostella L. en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. itálica). Se utilizó el diseño de bloques completamente al Azar (DBCA) con 4 tratamientos: Bacillus thuringensis / trampas de luz/ barreras vivas de maíz (T1), Metharhizium anisopliae / trampas a colores / barreras vivas de maíz (T2), trampas a colores/ trampas de luz/ barreras vivas de maíz (T3), y control absoluto (Testigo-T0) y 3 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: incidencia de la especie y rendimiento en g/planta. Entre los resultados se registran menor número de oviposturas, larvas y pupas de P. xylostella en el tratamiento T1 (Metharhizium anisopliae / trampas a colores/barreras vivas de maíz), ocurre los mismo en el rendimiento, registrándose los mayores promedios de peso 552,0 g y 513,0 g de pella por planta en el T1 y T2 respectivamente, quedando en el último lugar según el orden de importancia, el testigo con 400,6 g.

Molecular Cloning and Functional Identification of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Ctri9594 from the Venom of the Scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus

Scorpion venom is a mixture of bioactive peptides, among which neurotoxins and antimicrobial peptides serve especially vital functions. Scorpion venom peptides in Buthidae species have been well described, but toxic peptides from non-Buthidae species have been under-investigated. Here, an antimicrobial peptide gene, Ctri9594, was cloned and functionally identified from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus. The precursor nucleotide sequence of Ctri9594 is 199 nt in length, including a 43 nt 5′ UTR, 115 nt 3′ UTR and 210 nt ORF. The ORF encodes 69 amino acid residues, containing a 21 aa signal peptide, 14 aa mature peptide, 3 aa C-terminal posttranslational processing signal and 31 aa propeptide. Multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analyses show that Ctri9594 is an antimicrobial peptide in scorpion venom. The mature peptide of Ctri9594 was chemically synthesized with a purity greater than 95% and a molecular mass of 1484.4 Da. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) indicate that the synthesized mature peptide of Ctri9594 has inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus thuringensis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) but not Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or a fungus (Candida albicans). The antimicrobial mechanism of Ctri9594 is inferred to be related to its amphiphilic α-helix structure.

Biochemical profiling of leaf, stem bark and root of Enantia chlorantha native to Akwa Ibom, Nigeria: A comparative analysis

The present investigation was carried out to explore the bio-activities of Enantia chlorantha Oliv (Annonaceae) commonly known as African yellow wood. The root, stem and leaf of E. chlorantha were extracted with ethanol in soxhlet extractor. Their phytochemical analysis revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, anthraquinones, proteins, aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acids in all the extracts except leaves extract which contain tannins in addition. The extracts were screened in vitro for their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus thuringensis strain EB-151, Bacillus tequilensis strain ADIP3, Bacillus cereus strain SB2, Bacillus pumilus strain m414, Sphingobacterium mizutaii strain AUMC b-161, Bacillus subtilis strain AIMST 2ME1, Bacillus cereus strain CF7 and Lysinbacillus sphaericus III) and Gram-negative bacteria (Providencia rettgeri strain RCB 200, Proteus vulgaris strain MWG 20141026, Alcaligenes faecalis strain L48, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PG1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 335K55 and Escherichia coli strain sanji.); out of which eight of strains were susceptible to the extracts and six were resistant to all the extracts. This study has opened a frontier for the possible application of the extracts in the control of potential pathogens.

Screening of Heavy Metal-Immobilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Reducing Cd2+ and Pb2+ Concentrations in Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)

Microbial immobilization is considered as a novel and environmentally friendly technology that uses microbes to reduce heavy metals accumulation in plants. To explore microbial resources which are useful in these applications, three water spinach rhizosphere soils polluted by different levels of heavy metals (heavy pollution (CQ), medium pollution (JZ), and relative clean (NF)) were collected. The community composition of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soils and its effects on reducing the Cd2+ and Pb2+ concentrations in water spinach were evaluated. Four hundred strains were isolated from the CQ (belonging to 3 phyla and 14 genera), JZ (belonging to 4 phyla and 25 genera) and NF (belonged to 6 phyla and 34 genera) samples, respectively. In the CQ sample, 137 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+, giving Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal rates of greater than 80% in solution; Brevundimonas, Serratia, and Pseudoarthrobacter were the main genera. In total, 62 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the JZ sample and Bacillus and Serratia were the main genera. A total of 22 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the NF sample, and Bacillus was the main genus. Compared to the control, Enterobacter bugandensis CQ-7, Bacillus thuringensis CQ-33, and Klebsiella michiganensis CQ-169 significantly increased the dry weight (17.16–148%) of water spinach and reduced the contents of Cd2+ (59.78–72.41%) and Pb2+ (43.36–74.21%) in water spinach. Moreover, the soluble protein and Vc contents in the shoots of water spinach were also significantly increased (72.1–193%) in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169 compared to the control. In addition, the contents of Cd and Pb in the shoots of water spinach meet the standard for limit of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in vegetables in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169. Thus, the results provide strains as resources and a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmlands for the safe production of vegetables.

Badania nad bezpieczeństwem GMO

Zgodnie z prawodawstwem Unii Europejskiej rośliny zmodyfikowane genetycznie, przed wprowadzeniem na rynek muszą zostać ocenione pod względem bezpieczeństwa dla zdrowia ludzi, zdrowia zwierząt i środowiska. Jedyną rośliną GM, autoryzowaną do uprawy w Unii Europejskiej jest kukurydza MON810. Zawiera ona gen cry1Ab z bakterii glebowej Bacillus thuringensis, warunkujący ekspresję białka Cry1Ab. Kukurydza jest często uprawiana w monokulturze, istnieje więc ryzyko akumulacji białka Cry1Ab w glebie w wyniku wieloletniej uprawy.

Aspek Kekinian tentang Penelitian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Pulau Jawa dan Sekitarnya

Incidence Rate/IR DHF in Indonesia 2015 to 2017 decreased 44.43%, although in 2016 there was an increase of 53.61% from incidence in 2015 (DHF IR per 100,000 population in 2015 until 2017 was 50,75;77,96; 22.55). Five subsystems related to DHF transmission are human, dengue virus, Aedes mosquito, physical and biological environment. Research on these five subsystems and various control efforts has been done in Indonesia. Literature review was used to discuss it in this article. Search area on the site ejournal.litbang.kemkes.go.id, portalgaruda.org, e-resources.perpusnas.go.id, www.researchgate.net, www.hindawi.com and who.int with keywords Aedes aegypti, Dengue Haemorhagic Fever. Several studies showed different results depending on the study site conditions (climatic,altitude,ecological conditions). Human behavior associated with the use of anti-mosquito, dengue virus, Aedes as a vector (potential breeding places, transovary phenomena, insecticide vector resistance), and climate conditions (temperature and humidity) that contribute to the incidence of DHF. Vector control is the most effective measure in DHF control program. The use of Bacillus thuringensis, Romanomermis iyengari, and Wolbachia, the manufactured repellents and larvasides from various plants, the improvement of eradication of mosquito breeding sites related community behavior, and the application of sterile insect techniques have been developed from various studies. The results of such research can be adopted as alternative to control vectors and implemented in integrated manner based on the specific local context.