Improving the biological stability of drinking water by ion exchange

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Pre Treatment

To guarantee a good water quality at the consumer’s tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research is to measure the effect of NOM removal by ion exchange on the biological stability of drinking water. Experiments were performed in two lanes of the pilot plant of Weesperkarspel in the Netherlands. The lanes consisted of ozonation, softening, biological activated carbon filtration and slow sand filtration. Ion exchange in fluidized form was used as pre-treatment in one lane and removed 50% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC); the other lane was used as reference. Compared to the reference lane, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration of the finished water in the lane pretreated by ion exchange was 61% lower. The biofilm formation rate of the finished water was decreased with 70% to 2.0 pg ATP/cm2.day. The achieved concentration of AOC and the values of the biofilm formation rate with ion exchange pre-treatment showed that the biological stability of drinking water can be improved by extending a treatment plant with ion exchange, especially when ozonation is involved as disinfection and oxidation step.

Effects of pre-treatment with magnetic ion exchange resins on coagulation/flocculation process

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sani ◽  
E. Basile ◽  
C. Lubello ◽  
L. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Ion

A new Magnetic Ion EXchange resin for DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) removal (MIEX®DOC Resin) has been evaluated as water pre-treatment at the Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) of Florence in order to reduce the oxidant demand and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential. This pre-treatment leads to several effects on downstream treatment processes. In this experimental study the effects of MIEX® pre-treatment on clariflocculation process were evaluated with respect to coagulant demand reduction and characteristics of flocs formed. The analysis was conducted using traditional jar test procedures and a Photometric Dispersion Analyser (PDA2000) which provided continuous information about the aggregation state of particles during the jar tests. For a fixed turbidity goal in clarified water, ion exchange pre-treatment led to coagulant dosage reduction up to 60% and PDA results shown that flocs formed in pre-treated water were bigger and more resistant to shearing effects than those formed by conventional clariflocculation.

scholarly journals Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.

scholarly journals Pesticide removals in the nitrifying expanded-bed filter at drinking water treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nguyet Thi-Minh Dao ◽  
The-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Mitsuharu Terashima ◽  
Hidenari Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon

The occurrence of pesticides even at low concentrations in drinking water sources might induce potential risks to public health. This study aimed to investigate the removal mechanisms of eight pesticides by the nitrifying expanded-bed filter using biological activated carbon media at the pretreatment of a drinking water plant. The field analysis demonstrated that four pesticides Flutolanil, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, and Fenobucard, were removed at 82%, 55%, 54%, and 52% respectively, while others were not significantly removed. Under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous and batch experiments, the adsorption onto the biological activated carbon media was demonstrated to be the main removal pathway of the pesticides. The contribution of microorganisms to the pesticide removals was rather limited. The pesticide removals observed in the field reactor was speculated to be the adsorption on the suspended solids presented in the influent water. The obtained results highlighted the need to apply a more efficient and cost-effective technology to remove the pesticide in the drinking water treatment process. Keywords: biological activated carbon; drinking water treatment; nitrifying expanded-bed filter; pesticide removal.

scholarly journals Application of aerated submerged spongebed biofilter for raw water pre-treatment in drinking water installation

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Margareta Novia Asih Christami ◽  
Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik ◽  
El Khobar M Nazech ◽  
Yenny Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pesanggrahan River has been contaminated by domestic wastewater. High contamination of Pesanggrahan River with the maximum observed TSS (243,8 mg/L), COD (165,2 mg/L), Total Phosphate (0,74 mg/L), and NH3-N (1,04 mg/L) has exceeded the Raw Water for Drinking Water standard based on Government Regulation Number 82 the Year 2001. Aerated Submerged Sponge-bed Biofilter can be proposed as pre-treatment recommendation for Drinking Water Treatment Plant processing due to its environment-friendly property and ability to reduce the organic pollutant. A lab-scale experiment with the modified volume of 15% media was applied in a 6L reactor with 7 L/min oxygen supply. Retention time variation was evaluated at 1, 1,5, and 2 hours. It was found that the highest removal efficiency occurred at HRT 1,5 hours with the reduction capability of 75,5±0,12% TSS; 59,1±0,14% COD; 57,1±0,27% Total Phosphate; and 45,5±0,37% NH3-N. On the same HRT (1,5 hours), ammonia reduction obtained at k(0-order)= 0,005 g/m2day. This biofilter also decreased the optimum coagulant (PAC) concentration needed.

Effects of ion exchange resin pre-treatment on GAC adsorption

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
B. Sani ◽  
L. Rossi ◽  
C. Lubello ◽  
S. Zacchei
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
By Products

In Italian drinking water treatment plants (DWTP), the problem of chlorination by-products control is very important as the Italian drinking water regulations (Dlgs. 31/2001, as enactment of the CEU directive 98/83) set very strict limits for these compounds. A possible strategy for controlling the concentrations of DBPs (disinfection by-products) is the application of treatment processes able to reduce the concentration of dissolved organic matter, the main precursor of DBPs, before the dosage of chlorine-based disinfectants. Recently, ion exchange resins for the removal of dissolved organics have shown several applications in drinking water treatment. In this experimental study, the treatment with ion exchange resins MIEX®DOC and the treatment with GAC (granular activated carbon) were evaluated for the removal of dissolved organics. Moreover, the effects of MIEX® pre-treatment on the subsequent GAC filtration phase were evaluated, with particular attention to the effects on the life-time of the GAC filter. The GAC filter operation was simulated by rapid small scale column tests (RSSCT), which allow the evaluation of the GAC breakthrough curve in a shorter time with respect to a full plant and pilot plant trials. On the basis of the experimental results, the ion exchange process was very efficient in dissolved organics removal (60–70% UV254 removal). Moreover, the results indicated that the application of ion exchange resins as pre-treatment in a conventional drinking water treatment train could increase the filter life-time in the subsequent GAC adsorption phase (about 200%) resulting in potentially important cost benefits for the overall treatment process.

Influence of backwashing on the microbial community in a biofilm developed on biological activated carbon used in a drinking water treatment plant

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kasuga ◽  
D. Shimazaki ◽  
S. Kunikane
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Rdna Analysis

The influence of backwashing on the biofilm community developed on biological activated carbon (BAC) used in a drinking water treatment plant was investigated by means of bacterial cell enumeration and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting analysis of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA). After backwashing, the attached bacterial abundance in the top layer of the BAC bed decreased to 64% of that before backwashing. The community level changes caused by backwashing were examined through the T-RFLP profiles. In the bacterial 16S rDNA analysis, the relative abundances of some terminal-restriction fragments (T-RFs) including the Planctomycetes-derived fragment increased; however, the relative abundances of some T-RFs including the Betaproteobacteria-derived fragments decreased. In the eukaryotic 18S rDNA analysis, the relative abundances of some T-RFs including the protozoan Cercozoa-derived fragments increased; however, the relative abundances of some T-RFs including the metazoan Chaetonotus- and Paratripyla-derived fragments decreased. The T-RFLP analysis suggests that backwashing can cause changes in the relative compositions of microorganisms in a BAC biofilm in the top layer of the bed.

Objectives for optimization and consequences for operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. C. van der Helm ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
Th. G. J. Bosklopper ◽  
J. W. N. M. Kappelhof ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Optimization for operation of drinking water treatment plants should focus on water quality and not on environmental impact or costs. Using improvement of water quality as objective for optimization can lead to new views on operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants. This is illustrated for ozonation in combination with biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration at drinking water treatment plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet, the water cycle company for Amsterdam and surrounding areas. The water quality parameters that are taken into account are assimilable organic carbon (AOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pathogens. The operational parameters that are taken into account are the ozone dosage and the regeneration frequency of the BAC filters. It is concluded that ozone dosage and regeneration frequency should be reduced in combination with application of newly developed insights in design of ozone installations. It is also concluded that a new concept for Weesperkarspel with an additional ion exchange (IEX) step for natural organic matter (NOM) removal will contribute to the improvement of the disinfection capacity of ozonation and the biological stability of the produced drinking water.

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