Performance of constructed wetland system using different species of macrophytes in the treatment of domestic sewage treatment

The objective is to assess the initial performance of a constructed wetland system and the development of the macrophyte species cattail(Typha spp.) (CWt), piripiri (Cyperus giganteus) (CWp), and white garland lily (Hedychium coronarium Koehne) (CWl) and an suncultivated (UNc) on the treatment of sewage from toilets and from a restaurant. Changes in hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, nitrate, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the development and adaptation of macrophytes were measured. The surface area of ??each constructed wetland (CW) had a surface area of 16.25 m2 and average volume treated of 0.40 m3 d-1, with continuous variable horizontal subsurface flow equally fed with sewage previously treated in three septic tanks in series, with an individual useful volume of 5.100 L. The PET in CWt, CWp and CWl was higher than that of UNc. The highest pH values were obtained in the effluent of CWp, CWt, and CWl. The use of macrophytes did not influence the EC, TS, BOD5,20, COD, and nitrate were lower and ammonium nitrogen and total phosphate were higher in the effluent of CWs and UNc in relation to the influent. The efficiency indexes that showed a very strong Pearson correlations (> 90%) were pH correlated with N-NH4+, turbidity correlated with COD, TS correlated with EC, and BOD5,20 and COD correlated with NO3-.Piripiri and cattails showed the best development of plants in the second half of CW.

Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

Effect of Chemical Oxygen Demand Concentration on Nutrient Removal in Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal System in High-Altitude Areas

The application of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes in high-altitude areas faces severe challenges due to low temperature, low atmosphere pressure and low oxygen concentration. In this study, a simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) system was operated under low atmosphere pressure. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in influent were decreased from 300 mg/L (stage I) to 200 mg/L (stage II), corresponding to the low COD concentration of sewage in high-altitude areas. The removal of COD and total phosphate was efficient at the H1 reactor (72 kPa). The removal rates of COD and total phosphate were 94.08% (stage I), 90.66% (stage II) and 98.43% (stage I), 99.34% (stage II), respectively, which were similar to L1 (100 kPa). The removal rates of total inorganic nitrogen and simulation nitrification and denitrification were from 81.21% (stage I) and 59.48% (stage I) to 72.86% (stage II) and 31.95% (stage II), respectively, which were also improved compared to L1. Cycle experiment results indicated that the activity of phosphorus accumulating organisms was enhanced, while the ammonia oxidation process was inhibited under low atmosphere pressure.

Dynamics of Florida milk production and total phosphate in Lake Okeechobee

A central tenant of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) is nutrient reduction to levels supportive of ecosystem health. A particular focus is phosphorus. We examine links between agricultural production and phosphorus concentration in the Everglades headwaters: Kissimmee River basin and Lake Okeechobee, considered an important source of water for restoration efforts. Over a span of 47 years we find strong correspondence between milk production in Florida and total phosphate in the lake, and, over the last decade, evidence that phosphorus concentrations in the lake water column may have initiated a long-anticipated decline.

Dynamics of Florida milk production and total phosphate in Lake Okeechobee

A central tenant of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) is nutrient reduction to levels supportive of ecosystem health. A particular focus is phosphorus. We examine links between agricultural production and phosphorus loadings in the Everglades headwaters: Kissimmee River basin and Lake Okeechobee, considered an important source of water for restoration efforts. Over a span of 47 years we find strong correspondence between milk production in Florida and total phosphate in the lake, and, over the last decade, evidence that phosphorus in the lake may have initiated a long-anticipated decline in water column loading.

Aquatic physical and chemical characteristics of reservation and prohibited areas of mahseer (Tor douronensis Valenciennes, 1842) in Muara Bungo and Kerinci Regencies, Jambi Province of Indonesia

Masheer (Tor douronensis) is one of the important commodities, has long been known as one of the fish with a high enough value, and is loved by many people in Jambi Province and several other provinces in Indonesia. However, the ecological information of this fish is not widely known. This study examines the characteristics of aquatic physical and chemical of the reserved and prohibited area for fish in Muara Bungo and Kerinci Regencies in Jambi Province. The study was carried out from December 2018 to October 2019 at four locations, i.e., Lubuk Alai, Senamat River, and Tarutung Village, and the river outside the protected area. Aquatic physical and chemical parameters data were collected in-situ and ex-situ. The Aquatic parameters observed were temperature 25.7-30.1oC, pH 6-7, DO 5.3-7.8, transparency 15-125 cm, depth 25-207 cm, turbidity 1.4-158.3 ppm, TSS 3.0-62.9 ppm, ammonia 0.08-0.76 ppm, nitrite 0.03-0.31 ppm, nitrate 0.00-0.68 ppm, and total phosphate 0.00-1.31 ppm, which were suitable for aquatic life. Based on habitat condition grouping, Lubuk Alai and Tarutung Village tend to have a higher similarity, which ammonia, transparency, depth, and total phosphate were the main components.

Leachate Characterization from Municipal Solid Waste Dump Site and Its Adverse Impacts on Surface Water Quality Downstream - Uyo Village Road, Akwa Ibom State - Nigeria

The present investigation discusses the characteristic of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfill and it adverse impacts on downstream water quality. Landfill leachate was collected from a hole dug 10 m away from the waste dump site and the appearance of the leachate sample looks black. Three downstream water samples were collected at 10 meters intervals each from each other and less than 100 meters from the boundary of the dumpsite. All the samples were examined for temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, nitrate, ammonia, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cl, total phosphate, sulfate, EC, DO and turbidity. The aim was to compare physicochemical and heavy metal properties of leachate and downstream water quality with internationally accepted protocols. The Laboratory analysis exhibited prevalence of high value of pH (8.5130.09), temperature(29.00.0), turbidity (14.00.41NTU), DO (0.1670.05 mg/l), COD (68.00.33 mg/l), BOD5 (324.03.00 mg/l), EC (446315.53s/cm), Total phosphate (62.3580.01 mg/l), Pb (0.310.00 mg/l), Cd (0.060.00 mg/l), Ni (0.3550.01 mg/l), and Cu (8.670.04 mg/l) in the leachate sample, which have exceeded their permissible limits. For downstream water samples, pH (7.760.07 to 7.5070.09), temperature (29.00.00) for the three sampling points, DO (3.6670.15 to 3.2330.12 mg/l), total phosphate (8.2250.00 to 7.9350.02 mg/l), Pb (0.4650.01 to 0.0910.00 mg/l), Cd (0.040.00 to 0.0230.00 mg/l), Ni and Cu (0.0430.06 mg/l) and (1.0620.00 mg/l) respectively, also exceeded their respective permissible limit recommended by Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality, World Health Organization in drinking water quality. From this study, there is evidence that there is an increase in risk to surface water that is reported near Uyo village road municipal solid waste dumping site. Therefore, the concerned authority should take appropriate intervention measures to protect surface water. Also, knowledge of leachate quality will be useful in planning and providing remedial measures to protect downstream water quality in the area.

Analisis Penurunan Parameter Limbah Cair Laundry Menggunakan Rotating Biological Contactor (Rbc)

Laundry waste water is a part of domestic liquid waste and its classified as grey water. Liquid waste from laundry business containing pollutants such as BOD, COD, TSS, Total Phosphate, and Methylene Blue Active Substance (MBAS) that can give negative impact to the environment if it is not treated first. The purpose in this study was to analyze the influence of detention time to eficiency of decreasing pollutant concentration by using Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) methods. The RBC used the palm fiber as the media. Variation of detention time in this study was 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days. Linear regression was used to analysed the effect of detention time to pollutant concentration decreased. The result showed that the elimination efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, Total phosphate and MBAS was 88%, 87%, 87%, 88% and 96%. The regression analysis results showed that there was a significant relationship between detention time and efficiency of decreasing pollutant parameters concentration (BOD, COD, TSS, Total Phosphates) of laundry waste by using RBC, but has no significant relationship in MBAS parameter.