scholarly journals A new approach to improve water loss control using smart metering data

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Loureiro ◽  
H. Alegre ◽  
S. T. Coelho ◽  
A. Martins ◽  
A. Mamade
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Water Uses ◽  
Background Leakage

The control of water losses is a major concern in the sustainability of urban water utilities and in promoting the efficient use of this natural resource. Recent advances in telemetry technology provide high-resolution consumption data at the consumer level, allowing for a remarkable knowledge improvement on the different water balance components. However, few studies focus on systematic approaches for improving system operation and maintenance by processing and analysing large amounts of consumption data. This paper presents a new methodology to calculate real losses and apparent losses in distribution networks using data collected from telemetry systems. The methodology proposes a set of algorithms that are simple to implement. These algorithms were tested on different district metered areas (DMA) to improve understanding about water loss components and have already been included in commercial software. The results showed that these algorithms are robust and allow for accurately estimating the background leakage level (and unreported leaks and bursts), detecting earlier the occurrence of bursts and providing important insights into the type of illegal water uses. The use of these approaches reduced non-revenue water by more than 10% in the majority of the DMA tested. These findings are promising and demonstrate the strong potential of telemetry systems to reduce water losses and to improve the understanding of water uses.

Expertise in water loss control applied to extreme problems of water distribution management

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Water Association ◽  
International Water ◽  
Loss Control

The application of International Water Association guidelines to control water losses provides a foundation for new methods and psychologies for controlling Water Distribution Systems. Best management techniques utilizing International Water Association water loss control methodologies compared to totally open distribution networks can now be supported for analysis scenarios using both network analysis and genetic algorithms.

scholarly journals Water Loss Management in Small Municipalities: The Situation in Tyrol

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Martin Oberascher ◽  
Michael Möderl ◽  
Robert Sitzenfrei
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Loss Management

Water losses in water distribution networks (WDNs) are unavoidable. Water losses are evaluated based on performance indicators (PIs) and used for future recommendations for network operators to take measures against water losses. However, these evaluations primarily focus on large and medium sized WDN and do not deal with the challenges of small WDNs (e.g., technical, and financial limitations, missing data). Therefore, an appropriate water loss management is a major challenge for operators in the federal state of Tyrol (Austria) due to the high number of small WDNs, e.g., low income in combination with long network lengths. In this regard, this work specifies and discusses state funding in Austria to support network operators to reduce water losses. To assess the impacts on management strategies, 40 WDNs, supplying 200 to 16,000 inhabitants, are investigated in detail. As the comparison of different PIs shows, a volume related PI (e.g., water loss volume divided by total water demand) is recommend as the decision criterion for local authorities due to minimal efforts and its easy calculation. Moreover, public funding helps to significantly reduce water losses in individual systems, but countermeasures should be different for small and larger WDNs. For example, leakage detection campaigns and rehabilitation planning based on pipe age should be established in future for larger WDNs in Tyrol. In contrast, an online flow metering system to monitor system inflows is suggested for small WDNs. Based on measurement data, leakages and burst can be detected and repaired swiftly.

scholarly journals Water Loss Reduction in Water Distribution Networks. Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Anca Hoțupan ◽  
Roxana Mare ◽  
Adriana Hădărean
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Pipe ◽  
Looped Network

Abstract Water losses on the potable water distribution networks represent an important issue; on the one hand, water loss does not bring money and on the other hand, they modify water flow and pressure distribution on the entire system and this can lead to a cut-off of the water supply. A stringent monitoring of the water distribution network reduces considerably the water losses. The appearance of a leakage inside the distribution network is inevitable in time. But very important is its location and repair time – that are recommended to be as short as possible. The present paper analyses the hydraulic parameters of the water flow inside a supply pipe of a looped network that provides potable water for an entire neighbourhood. The main goals are to optimize these parameters, to reduce water losses by rigorous monitoring and control of the service pressure on the supply pipe and to create a balance between pressure and water flow. The presented method is valid for any type of distribution network, but the obtained values refer strictly to the analysed potable water distribution looped network.

scholarly journals Study of Physical Water Loss in Water Distribution Network using Step Test Method and Pressure Calibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Erizaldy Azwar ◽  
Diki Surya Irawan ◽  
Muhammad Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Pressure Calibration

Water distribution networks that are unoptimally operated can cause various problems so that water flows are not evenly distributed to consumers. One of the causes is the high water loss level due to leaks in the distribution pipeline system, as one of the water operators in Jakarta, Indonesia, PT. XYZ has tremendous efforts to improve the water supply system. One of them is to reduce physical water losses. The estimated percentage of physical water losses of water distribution networks in Green Garden District, West Jakarta, in April 2018 has amounted to 30%. It is still above the tolerance standard for the national water loss rate in Indonesia's Water Utilities, around 20%. It is necessary to reduce water loss to overcome this problem. After performing a step test program in the Green Garden District, it was found that there was a water loss of 84 lps in July 2018, which increased to 103.16 l/sin in May 2019 or showed an increase of 23%. Then, a pressure calibration was undertaken by placing six pressure monitoring points on the district in May 2019 using hydraulic simulation from WaterGEMS V.10. This calibration obtained the highest pressure Gap at pressure monitoring point #5 of 2.5 mH2O and the lowest pressure monitoring point #1 of 1.03 mH2O. Subsequently, leak detection measures were conducted to reduce physical water loss from January to May 2019,  PT. XYZ water distribution network uses two leak detection methods, visible and invisible leak detections, which had successfully reduced its net night flows (NNFs). The leak repairs obtained 77 leak points, which consisted of 32 visible leaks and 45 invisible leaks. Total estimated leakage flows of 5.33 lps were obtained from the decrease in the net night flow, which indicates a decrease in physical water loss by 16% from January to March 2019.

EFFECTS OF NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS AND PIPE LENGTH TO THE WATER LOSSES IN MELAKA

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirah Hussein ◽  
Kenichi Yoneda ◽  
Nor'Azizi Othman ◽  
Zuhaida Mohd Zaki ◽  
Mohamed Hilmi Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
National Average ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Compact Zone ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
High Level

One of the major challenges facing our water utilities is the high level of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in the distribution networks. This paper assessed the performance of current management practices by Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad (SAMB) to deal with NRW. Information and NRW management data (from 2012 to 2013) were gathered and analysed. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the effects of pipe length and number of connections of the distribution network to the leakage level; and to determine the causes of leakage (water loss). In 2014, Melaka’s NRW percentage was 21.4% as compared to the national average of 35.6%, which is the second lowest rate among the states in Malaysia. Results of the study revealed significant positive relationships between average MNF (L/s) with number of connections and pipe length, with the prediction model of average MNF (L/s)=-4.42+1.088*10-2(NC)+1.07*10-4(PL), R2= 73.19%. The results also indicated that in a compact and urbanized city like Melaka, number of connections in the network appears to be most influential to the average MNF (water loss) (shown by a strong positive relationship, r = 0.847) as compared to the less compact zone (such as Perak) where pipe length appears to be more influential. 

Reduction of Apparent Water Losses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
Ramunė Albrektienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The water loss levels are very different between European countries as water loss varies from 7% to 50%. According to data from the Lithuanian Water Supply Association, in 2015 about 124 mln. m³ of ground water was supplied to the network, but only 94 mln. m³ of it was sold, while the remaining share represented water losses – 30 mln. m³ per year. An average water loss level in Lithuania is 24%, varying from 52% to 17%. Local water utilities take a little care of apparent water losses. This article deals with an investigation of apparent losses in Alytus and other cities in Lithuania. The reduction of apparent water losses is quite a different field as it does not require large additional investments and can produce quick and efficient results. Article presents the results on the ways for reduction of apparent water losses in Lithuanian water supply systems. The aim of research is to show that apparent water losses consist of considerable share of water losses and to prove that inconsiderable efforts can significantly cut down water losses and improve the utilities’ financial situation. Article present findings of night water consumption, used for DMA allowed minimum water calculation. Analysing water consumption data in blockhouses the minimum night water volume was determined (0.9 l/h/flat).

scholarly journals Water loss control practices in developing countries: a case study of a Brazilian region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Doria de Santi ◽  
Tiago Balieiro Cetrulo ◽  
Tadeu Fabrício Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Scientific Framework

Abstract The control of water loss in distribution system has been highlighted in multiple discussions in the field of water and sanitation. Still, there are few scientific studies on this topic focussed on loss control performance in developing countries. With the intention to expand the limited scientific framework investigating the management of water losses in economic scarcity scenarios, the paper provides an overview of which practices directed to water loss control are being conducted in a Brazilian region. The data has been collected from 42 water utilities and shows there is a direct relationship between the utilities' performance and the number of water loss practices adopted. The divergences in the number of practices applied by the water utilities may be influenced by technical-operational, planning and management factors. The paper brings greater robustness to the loss management debates in regions with economic scarcity, being able to support the action of utilities operating in similar scenarios.

An Advanced Software to Manage a Smart Water Network with Innovative Metrics and Tools Based on Social Network Theory

10.29007/gvnz ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Anna Di Mauro ◽  
Eva Martínez Díaz ◽  
Jose Antonio Blázquez Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Operational Conditions

The recent development and applications of social network theory in many fields of engineering (electricity, gas, transport, water, etc.) allows both the understanding of networks and to improve their management. Social network theory coupled to the availability of real time data and big data analysis techniques can change drastically the traditional approaches to manage civil networks. Recently, some authors are working to apply this novel approach, based on social network theory, on the water distribution networks using: a) graph partitioning algorithms to define optimal district meter areas both for water losses identification and for water network protection, b) innovative topological, energy and hydraulic indices to analyze performance; and c) GIS (Geographical Information System) to provide a more effective display of results and to improve network behavior in specific operational conditions. In this paper, a novel release 3.5 of SWANP software, that implements all these features, was tested on a real large water network in Alcalá de Henares, Spain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water loss in transit and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristian Epifanio Toledo ◽  
João Carlos Mohn Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre De Amorim Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin, fundamental components in the hydrological studies of the region, such as in the verification of hydrological connectivity. The study area was the Orós Reservoir Basin, located in the state of Ceará. The modeling of transit water loss and surface runoff were developed based on the work of Araújo and Ribeiro (1996) and Peter et al. (2014). In the proposed model, the parameter of loss in transit (k) was estimated at 0.027 km-1 for a section of the river basin, and when simulated for other stretches it provided good flow results at the end of the stretch, obtaining an NSE of 82%. The value of the runoff coefficient was estimated at 3% and when evaluating a spatial variation of this coefficient in the basin, the values varied from 2% to 12%, and the use of specialized runoff coefficient (RC) values promoted a higher NSE in the discharge simulation in the basin. It is concluded that the proposed model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff demonstrated a high efficiency in the simulation of hydrological processes. The basin of Orós reservoir presented a high variability of the coefficient of surface runoff, justifying the need for a greater spatiality of this coefficient in heterogeneous environments.

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