Applying reliability analysis to evaluate water treatment plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Oliveira ◽  
L. D. V. Melo ◽  
L. L. Queiroga ◽  
S. M. A. C. Oliveira ◽  
M. Libanio
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Gamma Distributions ◽  
Apparent Colour ◽  
Log Normal

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of reliability analysis to a water treatment plant (WTP). Data from daily monitoring of raw and finished water quality from a direct filtration WTP covered the parameters of turbidity, apparent colour, pH, aluminum, chlorine and fluoride, from December 2007 to August 2011. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and adherence tests to normal, log-normal, rectangular, exponential and gamma distributions. A reliability analysis was conducted in three steps: (i) estimation of mean values for monitored parameters based on the established percentage of compliance and comparison with observed mean; (ii) estimation of expected percentage of compliance based on observed mean values and comparison with the observed percentages; and (iii) evaluation of the applicability of reliability analysis to parameters with upper and lower limits. When the comparison between estimated and observed percentages of compliance was made, reliability analysis led to inaccurate results for parameters whose observed percentage of compliance remained below 90%. For parameters whose observed percentage of compliance tended to fullness, deviations were not observed. It is believed that such a conclusion can be extrapolated to estimated mean values: most accurate results are obtained for parameters that have percentages of compliance near 100%.

Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cromphout ◽  
W. Rougge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Effective Water

In Harelbeke a Water Treatment Plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day, using Schelde river water has been in operation since April 1995. The treatment process comprises nitrification, dephosphatation by direct filtration, storage into a reservoir, direct filtration, granular activated carbon filtration and disinfection. The design of the three-layer direct filters was based on pilot experiments. The performance of the plant during the five years of operation is discussed. It was found that the removal of atrazin by activated carbon depends on the water temperature.

Development of a portable direct filtration water treatment plant in northern Manitoba

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-729
Author(s):  
John W. Markowsky ◽  
David L. Woytowich ◽  
Ian C. Goulter
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Construction Operation

The Limestone Generating Project was reactivated in 1985. Part of the development of the project was to review and implement, if feasible, potable water treatment facilities for the construction community of Sundance. The source water, from the Nelson River, is of reasonably good quality. The turbidity, however, ranges from 4 to 70 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), averaging 15.2 NTU. Following preliminary and pilot plant studies, a high rate, deep bed direct filtration system was proposed and constructed to reduce turbidity to acceptable levels. A key feature of the plant is its portability. Owing to the innovative design, the three filters can be easily transferred for use at future construction sites on the Nelson River. This paper reviews and discusses the design, construction, operation, and costs of the plant. Key words: construction, design, direct filtration, high rate, Nelson River, operation, portability, turbidity.

Application of microfiltration for reuse of backwash water in a conventional water treatment plant - a case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Song ◽  
X. Fan ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
Y. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Filter Backwash Water

In conventional drinking water treatment processes, the amount of the filter backwash water covers nearly 3% of the total production. To reduce the water loss and waste discharge in the conventional drinking water treatment process, the Macao Water Supply Co. Ltd (SAAM) plans to recover the backwash water by Microfiltration (MF) membrane process as water resources are scarce and new environmental regulations are mandated in Macao. Generally, the filter backwash water from the conventional water treatment plant with sedimentation process is recycled to the source water to be treated again under certain conditions, and the sedimentation tank discharges most of the sludge. However, it is possible to recycle the backwash water directly to the inlet for direct filtration process due to the limitation of inlet turbidity. This paper describes how to apply MF technology to treat the backwash water of the direct filtration plant and to optimize MF operation. Without pre-treatment of the settling basin for backwash water, the operation of the MF pilot plant is proved to be stable and the permeate quality can meet EU drinking water standards. The pilot study shows that it is both economically and technically feasible to adopt MF technology in backwash water treatment. The main parameters to test MF process include flux, chemical cleaning duration and transmembrane pressure (TMP). They are 150-200 L/m2.h, 20 days and <1 bar respectively. The estimated cost including O&M and investment for a 1320-1760 m3/d backwash water treatment plant is USD 0.126-0.168/m3.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants from Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Carmelia Mariana Dragomir Balanica ◽  
Cristian Muntenita ◽  
Daniela Ecaterina Zeca ◽  
Maricica Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewer Water

The analysis of several criteria for influent and effluent of urban sewer water treatment plant in south and south east of Romania, has a crucial role in establishing the correlations between these factors, and furthermore to assess the efficiency of the treatment system. Increasing urbanization degree and its complexity has made studies of the pollution impact appraisal to be a necessity. The mean values of the parameters measured from the wastewater plant influent like temperature, pH, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand vary from 17.13 � 0.23�C, 7.68 � 0.04, 234.72 � 1.55 mg/L, 396.42 � 0.76 mg/L, and 190.29 � 15.23 mg/L, respectively. The values of the above-mentioned quality indicators after the water treatment are 17.11 � 0.14�C, 7.56 � 0.03, 22.6 � 1.02 mg/L, 62.95 � 0.16 mg/L and 20.49 � 9.06 mg/L. Correlation study intended to define the feasible dependence among the evaluated parameters indicated that there were positive and negative correlations between the influent and effluent. The study conclusions point out the certitude that exist major optimizations in wastewater property after treatment processing.

Cryptosporidium monitoring system at a water treatment plant, based on waterborne risk assessment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Masago ◽  
K. Oguma ◽  
H. Katayama ◽  
T. Hirata ◽  
S. Ohgaki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Annual Risk

The water volume required for daily monitoring of Cryptosporidium (which can statistically ensure an annual risk of infection below 10-4), was assessed by evaluating the applicability of the Poisson lognormal (PLN) distribution in microbial risk assessment. PLN showed as good a fit to the observed data as to the negative binomial distribution. From the estimated PLN distributions for the source and finished water, the efficacy of the oocyst removal by the conventional water treatment process was estimated to follow log-normal distribution (median = 3.16 log10, 95% CI = 4.27-2.05 log10). The 365 consecutive negative results of daily monitoring for 180 L of finished water were found to be statistically equivalent to the annual risk of infection below 10-4. This research also suggested the possibility of applying a qualitative detection method, such as CC-PCR, as a routine monitoring method for the quantitative risk management.

DESIGNING OF REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) FOR MEASUREMENT OF pH IN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
V. MANE-DESHMUKH PRASHANT ◽  
B. MORE ASHWINI ◽  
B. P. LADGAOKAR ◽  
S. K. TILEKAR ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Terminal Unit ◽  
Remote Terminal ◽  
Remote Terminal Unit
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