Flammability and physical stability of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch/poly(lactic acid) blend bionanocomposites

In this study, sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose (SPCNC)-reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch (TPS) was blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in order to prioritize the biodegradation feature while offsetting individual polymer limitation. Prior to melt blending process, SPCNC was dispersed through sonication in advance of starch gelatinization which was later casted into petri dishes. PLA and TPS were melt blended into five different ratios using Brabender mixer followed by compression molding. Soil degradation (4 months) and water uptake (4 weeks) tests were conducted to evaluate the physical stability of PLA/TPS blend bionanocomposites. Based on Fickian law, the diffusion curve and coefficient of diffusion for seawater, river water, and sewer water were calculated. The flammability and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D635 and ASTM D2863, respectively. For PLA60TPS40 (40% TPS), significant reduction (46–69%) was recorded in maximum water uptake in all mediums, while soil degradation rate experienced insignificant increment (7.92%) for PLA70TPS30 (30% TPS) owing to the reinforcement of SPCNC through the well-dispersed TPS within PLA. Meanwhile, the flammability rates and LOI values for PLA40TPS60 and PLA60TPS40 indicated flammable material properties.

A Research Study of Development of Oil Skimmer for Sugar Industry

: In this paper includes the study of the Development of Oil Skimmer for the Sugar Industry. The utilization of skimmers in industrial applications is often needed to remove oils, grease, and fats before more treatment for environmental discharge compliance. Placed before an oily water treatment system, an oil skimmer could give greater overall oil separation efficiency for improved discharge sewer water quality.

Statistical Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants from Romania

The analysis of several criteria for influent and effluent of urban sewer water treatment plant in south and south east of Romania, has a crucial role in establishing the correlations between these factors, and furthermore to assess the efficiency of the treatment system. Increasing urbanization degree and its complexity has made studies of the pollution impact appraisal to be a necessity. The mean values of the parameters measured from the wastewater plant influent like temperature, pH, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand vary from 17.13 � 0.23�C, 7.68 � 0.04, 234.72 � 1.55 mg/L, 396.42 � 0.76 mg/L, and 190.29 � 15.23 mg/L, respectively. The values of the above-mentioned quality indicators after the water treatment are 17.11 � 0.14�C, 7.56 � 0.03, 22.6 � 1.02 mg/L, 62.95 � 0.16 mg/L and 20.49 � 9.06 mg/L. Correlation study intended to define the feasible dependence among the evaluated parameters indicated that there were positive and negative correlations between the influent and effluent. The study conclusions point out the certitude that exist major optimizations in wastewater property after treatment processing.

Deploying Elemental Iodine in a Vapor Form to Disinfect Water and to Clear Biofilms

Traditionally, iodine has been delivered as a solution, tablet or resin to disinfect water. In this study we evaluated the “I2 vapor infusion” (I2VP) technology which passes an airstream through a matrix containing elemental iodine (I2) to produce I2 vapor as an innovative method of iodine delivery for water disinfection. Pressured air was provided either by a compressor or hand pump. Testing was performed with water inoculated with either Gram-negative (Escherichia, Salmonella) or Gram-positive (Enterococcus) bacteria or with pre-formed Acinetobacter or Staphylococcus biofilms. Bacterial colony forming units were used to assess efficacy of the device. In distilled water all bacteria and biofilms were eliminated after brief exposures (<90 s). Culturable bacteria were also eliminated from pond and municipal sewer water, but the technology was mostly ineffective against dairy lagoon water with high turbidity and organic particulate. Longer duration infusion and higher air volumes used to overcome interference from organic matter were also associated with higher concentrations of residual iodine. We conclude that I2 vapor infusion has the potential to be useful for emergency water treatment and potentially for reducing microbiological contamination of some waste streams.

Sewage Monitoring using IoT

As much as we'd like to maintain a strategic distance from it, sewage is a significant thought for all aspects of the world. What's going on here? Basically, its water-conveyed squander. Lamentably, the impacts of sewage on the earth are generally negative. It should be appropriately treated before it tends to be discarded – for the most part into the sea. There are two issues, be that as it may. On the off chance that sewage is just mostly treated before it is discarded, it can pollute water and damage immense measures of natural life. For the reason to decrease the flood contamination in sewer water framework, an ongoing framework was created to screen and control the framework naturally to diminish the barricade in sewer framework and furthermore lessens the demise rate of sanitation specialists. Sensors engine drive circuits and web server are utilized to incorporates the information and sends to the server. Keywords: On demand, recipe, restaurant

EFEKTIVITAS Pseudomonas sp. BOT4 DALAM MENDEGRADASI MINYAK JELANTAH MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER NITROGEN NATRIUM NITRAT DAN YEAST EXTRACT

Jelantah is the residual waste of cooking oil. The disposal of untreated waste directly into the environment has the potential to promote damage such as water channels clogging and water body pollution. Form of waste treatment such as biodegradation can be done using potential bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. which has been known for being effectively in decomposing organic waste. This study aimed to observe the ability of Pseudomonas sp. BOT4 in degrading jelantah with different nitrogen sources i.e. NaNO3 and yeast extract. This study was carried out from August to October 2018. The used cooking oil samples were homemade with deep frying method and the isolate samples were collected from used cooking oil-contaminated sewer water. Split plot design was used with time of incubation as main plots and nitrogen sources as subplots. The parameters observed were cell density and degraded oil weight. The results obtained stated that nitrogen sources of NaNO3 and yeast extract given optimum effect on cell density of Pseudomonas sp. BOT4 on day three each with OD600 value of 1,361 and 2,300. Nevertheless both nitrogen sources did not really give real effect on final weight of degraded oil, each with weight of 1,28 g dan 1,09 g.

Sewer Water Effect on the Corrosion of Cast Iron before and after Treatment

This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effects of sewer water treated by bio-filter reactors using agriculture waste and that untreated on the corrosion of cast iron pipes. The bio-filter reactor used in this study composed of two types of agriculture wastes which are a two layer of both grape stalks and rice husk. Also, the sewer water quality parameters were tested and calculated before and after treatment. The corrosion rate was tested chemically by using the weight loss technique and it was found that the rate in case of iron immersed in sewer water before treatment was higher than that immersed in treated one.