Optimal planning of water and wastewater management infrastructure for insular areas: the role of water reuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Gikas ◽  
Songsong Liu ◽  
Lazaros G. Papageorgiou ◽  
Flora Konstantopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Water

The present article estimates the financial benefits of water reuse by calculating the annualised total cost of water and wastewater management, using mixed integer linear programming. The programme is using as input: geographical data, population distribution, and groundwater availability (for a given area), to calculate the qualitative localised water needs, and to estimate the sizes and locations of water and wastewater management infrastructure, so as to minimise the relative annualised total cost (capital and operating). The programme is used to calculate the optimum water and wastewater infrastructure (and the relative annualised water and wastewater management cost), with and without the option for water reclamation and reuse. One case study is presented for the Greek islands of Santorini and Thirasia. The proposed model has showed significant computational benefit, compared with previous models. Thus, for Santorini–Thirasia Islands, the total annualised cost for optimum water and wastewater management infrastructures, with water reclamation, has been calculated as $2,153,694, while the above cost has been calculated as 19% higher, if water reclamation is not an option. It is obvious from the computational results that water reuse can reduce significantly the total water and wastewater management cost.

scholarly journals Progress on legal and practical aspects on water reuse with emphasis on drinking water – an overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Silvia Pereira Santos ◽  
Vimbai Pachawo ◽  
Marilia Carvalho Melo ◽  
José Manuel Pereira Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Global Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract The present study highlights the evolution, the progress and the prospects of future practices of water reuse in the world. The objective was to produce a comprehensive timeline on the global evolution and progress of water reuse. This was achieved through the analysis of the state of the art on the subject. The present study is a qualitative research, where three aspects have been considered to highlight the global evolution of water reuse: i) Regulations, Standards, Criteria or Guidelines (RSCG); ii) Indirect Potable Reuse Projects (IPR); and iii) Direct Potable Reuse Projects (DPR). The study focused on both legal and practical aspects of water reuse and considered 3 timelines in the context of RSCG, IPR and DPR: 29 RSCG instruments, institutionalized from 1918 to 2020, where only 4 instruments were solely dedicated to drinking water reuse; 10 IPR projects; 5 DPR projects. To achieve good, effective results, the regulatory framework must support the objectives of a structured water reuse policy in addition to guaranteeing legitimacy and maintaining public confidence. Integrated water and wastewater management, based on technological and scientific advances, has become a relevant aspect for implementation of more adequate measures by decision makers to address future global water challenges.

scholarly journals Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Centralized and Decentralized Water Reclamation with Resource Recovery Strategies in Leh Town, Ladakh, India, and Potential for Their Reduction in Context of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounia Lahmouri ◽  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
Daphne Gondhalekar
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Water And Wastewater

With the constant increase of population and urbanization worldwide, stress on water, energy, and food resources is growing. Climate change constitutes a source of vulnerability, raising the importance of implementing actions to mitigate it. Within this, the water and wastewater sector represents an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, during both the construction and operation phase. The scope of this study is to analyze the GHG emissions from the current and future water supply scheme, as well as to draw a comparison between possible water reclamation with resource recovery scenarios in the town Leh in India: a centralized scheme, a partly centralized combined with a decentralized scheme, and a household level approach. Precise values of emission factors, based on the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, previous studies, and Ecoinvent database, have been adopted to quantify the different emissions. Potential sources of reduction of GHG emissions through sludge and biogas utilization have been identified and quantified to seize their ability to mitigate the carbon footprint of the water and wastewater sector. The results show that the future water supply scheme will lead to a significant increase of the GHG emissions during its operation. Further, it is shown that decentralizing wastewater management in Leh town has the least carbon footprint during both construction and operation phases. These results have implications for cities worldwide.

Constrained integrated inventory model for multi-item under mixture of distributions

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Uthayakumar ◽  
M. Ganesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Inequality Constraints ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Lagrangian Multiplier ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Integrated Inventory ◽  
Integrated Cost

When the demand of different customers are not identical during the lead time, then one cannot use only a single distribution to describe the demand during that lead time. Hence, in this paper we have studied a mixture of normal distributions and a mixture of distribution free for several products under vendor-buyer integrated approach (coordination between both parties). Many integrated inventory models have proved that the integrated total cost is minimum when compared to sum of the total cost of the individuals. The inventory is continuously reviewed by the buyer and next order is placed when the inventory reaches some level called reorder level. The buyer has limited warehouse space capacity and also limited budget to purchase all products. The lead time of receiving all products from the vendor is a variable which is controlled by adding crashing cost. Shortages are allowed for all products and a fraction of shortages will be backordered and the remaining are lost. A mathematical model is developed and a solution procedure is employed in this study to obtain optimum order quantities, lead time and number of shipments in which the integrated total cost function attains its minimum subject to the floor space constraint and budget constraint. The expected integrated cost function is non-linear mixed integer with inequality constraints. Therefore, the proposed model have been solved by using Lagrangian multiplier technique. Finally numerical examples and sensitivity analysis were performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Water and wastewater management in the treatment process of a Roman fullonica

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-605
Author(s):  
G. De Feo ◽  
S. De Gisi
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
The Common

The aim of this paper is to study the treatment process of a Roman fullery (fullonica) with particular attention to the water and wastewater management system. Remains of several fullonicae have been documented at Pompeii and Herculaneum (Campania, Southern Italy), Ostia and Rome (Latium region, Central Italy), Florence (Tuscany, Central Italy), etc. The common academic perception of Roman fullonicae is significantly influenced by the fullonica of Stephanus (I 6, 7) in Pompeii, which is assumed to be a paradigmatic case study in this paper. The use of urine as an alkaline chemical agent in the soaping phase of the filling treatment process was overstated, with there also being no evidence of the fact that fullers collected their urine by means of vessels in front of their workshops, as usually reported. Thus, it is not clear how the Roman fullers collected and transported the urine they used in the fulleries. Finally, the rinsing phase can be considered a clear example of water reuse.

Wastewater management strategies for the black sea coast of Turkey

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
E. Yuksel ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Sea Coast

The Black Sea, surrounded by six riparian countries, is under the threat of severe pollution, giving rise to the need of taking precautions to protect it from further deterioration. In this paper, an effort putting forth a wastewater treatment and management strategy is outlined for the Black Sea coast of Turkey, including both the technical and financial aspects. The present situation of the coast in terms of land-based pollution and infrastructure is stated, followed by an applicable management strategy. The strategy developed for the coastal settlements involves various stagewise treatment schemes based on population distribution and densities along the coastline, and on the availability of land in a specified period of thirty years. Similar strategies are proposed for the control of pollution originating from industries, for those carried by rivers joining the sea, and for leachate of solid waste landfills. The cost estimations of various treatment schemes are also given in terms of population equivalents.

scholarly journals Modeling Population Spatial-Temporal Distribution Using Taxis Origin and Destination Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3727
Author(s):  
Fatema Rahimi ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki ◽  
Mostafa Ghodousi ◽  
Soo-Mi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Proposed Model

During dangerous circumstances, knowledge about population distribution is essential for urban infrastructure architecture, policy-making, and urban planning with the best Spatial-temporal resolution. The spatial-temporal modeling of the population distribution of the case study was investigated in the present study. In this regard, the number of generated trips and absorbed trips using the taxis pick-up and drop-off location data was calculated first, and the census population was then allocated to each neighborhood. Finally, the Spatial-temporal distribution of the population was calculated using the developed model. In order to evaluate the model, a regression analysis between the census population and the predicted population for the time period between 21:00 to 23:00 was used. Based on the calculation of the number of generated and the absorbed trips, it showed a different spatial distribution for different hours in one day. The spatial pattern of the population distribution during the day was different from the population distribution during the night. The coefficient of determination of the regression analysis for the model (R2) was 0.9998, and the mean squared error was 10.78. The regression analysis showed that the model works well for the nighttime population at the neighborhood level, so the proposed model will be suitable for the day time population.

scholarly journals Allocation and Scheduling of Handling Resources in the Railway Container Terminal Based on Crossing Crane Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Gang Ren ◽  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Cai ◽  
Shujuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Gantry Crane ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Searching Ability

The integrated allocation and scheduling of handling resources are crucial problems in the railway container terminal (RCT). We investigate the integrated optimization problem for handling resources of the crane area, dual-gantry crane (GC), and internal trucks (ITs). A creative handling scheme is proposed to reduce the long-distance, full-loaded movement of GCs by making use of the advantages of ITs. Based on this scheme, we propose a flexible crossing crane area to balance the workload of dual-GC. Decomposing the integrated problem into four sub-problems, a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model (MIP) is developed. By analyzing the characteristic of the integrated problem, a three-layer hybrid heuristic algorithm (TLHHA) incorporating heuristic rule (HR), elite co-evolution genetic algorithm (ECEGA), greedy rule (GR), and simulated annealing (SA) is designed for solving the problem. Numerical experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent searching ability, and the simultaneous optimization scheme could ensure the requirements for efficiency, effectiveness, and energy-saving, as well as the balance rate of dual-GC.

scholarly journals An Optimized Mathematical Model for Items Supplies Planning of a Logistic System

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Nasiri Khalili ◽  
Mostafa Kafaei Razavi ◽  
Morteza Kafaee Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Multiple Objective Decision Making ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Purchasing Logistics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
First Time

Items supplies planning of a logistic system is one of the major issue in operations research. In this article the aim is to determine how much of each item per month from each supplier logistics system requirements must be provided. To do this, a novel multi objective mixed integer programming mathematical model is offered for the first time. Since in logistics system, delivery on time is very important, the first objective is minimization of time in delivery on time costs (including lack and maintenance costs) and the cost of purchasing logistics system. The second objective function is minimization of the transportation supplier costs. Solving the mathematical model shows how to use the Multiple Objective Decision Making (MODM) can provide the ensuring policy and transportation logistics needed items. This model is solved with CPLEX and computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

A Least Cost Transmission Planning Model Considering Operation Cost

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Jorge Hans Alayo
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Transmission Planning ◽  
Integer Linear Programming Problem ◽  
Transmission Expansion ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Expansion Model ◽  
Operation Cost ◽  
Linearization Techniques

Abstract Existing transmission planning models consider basic aspects of the problem. In practice, a transmission utility needs to model other important details such as operation cost of the power system. In this article, a least cost transmission expansion model is proposed considering the operation cost in order to model the trade-off between building new transmission capacity and increasing the power system’s operation cost. The proposed model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem using linearization techniques and solved with CPLEX. Finally, results of the model for the Garver test system and IEEE 24-bus test system are shown.

A Multi-Period Evacuation Vehicle Routing Problem Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Sunarin Chanta ◽  
Ornurai Sangsawang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
High Water ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Problem Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Evacuation Routing

In this paper, we proposed an optimization model that addresses the evacuation routing problem for flood disaster when evacuees trying to move from affected areas to safe places using public transportation. A focus is on the situation of evacuating during high water level when special high vehicles are needed. The objective is to minimize the total traveled distance through evacuation periods where a limited number of vehicles is given. We formulated the problem as a mixed integer programming model based on the capacitated vehicle routing problem with multiple evcuation periods where demand changing by the time. The proposed model has been tested on a real-world case study affected by the severe flooding in Thailand, 2011.

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