Removal of algal taste and odour compounds by granular and biological activated carbon in full-scale water treatment plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Faruqi ◽  
Milann Henderson ◽  
Rita K. Henderson ◽  
Richard Stuetz ◽  
Brendan Gladman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Service Life Modelling

Abstract The occurrence and severity of cyanobacterial and algal blooms in water supplies has been increasing due to the effects of eutrophication and climate change, resulting in more frequent taste and odour (T&O) events. Conventional treatment processes have been found to be inefficient in removing the two most commonly detected algal T&O compounds, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), though granular activated carbon (GAC) and biological activated carbon (BAC) contactors have achieved high T&O removal rates. Literature on the performance of GAC and BAC for T&O removal in full-scale treatment plants, however, is limited. This review collates and assesses pilot-scale and full-scale studies which focus on removal of geosmin and MIB, with the aim of understanding the factors which influence T&O removal and determining knowledge gaps in the use of GAC and BAC. Age and empty bed contact time (EBCT) were found to have a significant impact on GAC performance, with removal efficiency decreasing with increased age and increasing with longer EBCTs. BAC contactors have achieved higher removal rates than non-biologically active GAC contactors and were not impacted by age, EBCT and/or carbon type. From these observations, implementation of BAC for T&O removal would be favourable; however, further investigations are required to understand full-scale performance of BAC and service life modelling.

scholarly journals Comparison of invertebrate removal by traditional-BAC and pre-BAC treatment processes: verification in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269
Author(s):  
Zhiling Wu ◽  
Hongbin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes

Abstract Invertebrate removal by traditional biological activated carbon (tra-BAC) and pre-BAC treatment processes was investigated in a full-scale water treatment plant. The results showed that invertebrate reproduction occurred in both BAC filters, but the invertebrate abundance in the finished water processed by tra-BAC was about 15 times greater than that processed using the pre-BAC process. In the pre-BAC process, the sand filter was placed after the BAC filter, and sand filtration removed most of the invertebrates, with an average removal efficiency of 91.1%. However, the pre-BAC filter, which was positioned behind the sedimentation tank, needed to be backwashed more frequently than the tra-BAC filter because of the high turbidity of the inlet water. The frequent backwashing reduced the biomass on the activated carbon and decreased the invertebrate reproductive rate. The results of this study are helpful for evaluating the pre-BAC treatment process in drinking water treatment plants.

scholarly journals The Study of the Physical and Chemical Behavior of Activated Carbon in the Permeable Concrete for Light Traffic Paving

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Ednei Bruce Da Silva ◽  
Antônio Estanislau Sanches ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Mike Jordan Braz Izel ◽  
Camily Murrieta Vasconcelos Oliveira Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Light Traffic ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Slow Filtration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The water treatment processes in which microorganisms act are margin filtration, slow filtration and biological activated carbon (CAB) [2]. For this research, a study of permeable concrete with the addition of 2% activated carbon for light traffic paving was performed. The objective of this research is to identify the feasibility of using this concrete so that filtered water can reach at least the basic sanitation networks, with a better quality to be treated. For this, characterizations of the quality of the concrete component materials were made with a novelty, using the fine aggregate (sand). After the characterizations, the permeable concrete traces with mechanical strength of 30MPa were made. Dosing analyzes followed with molding, curing and rupture of concrete specimens. The results of the arithmetic mean of the axial compression of conventional concrete at 28 days were 34.2 MPa and the concrete with the addition of activated carbon was 32.2 MPa, reaching the expectations of strength. Complementary experiments were performed for the quality of the water filtered by the CP's, the pH, the alkalinity and the chlorine content were analyzed. The pH of the conventional concrete found was 7.6 and the concrete with the addition of activated carbon was between 7.2 and 6.8, which may be the best result found

scholarly journals The Bacterial Communities of Full-Scale Biologically Active, Granular Activated Carbon Filters Are Stable and Diverse and Potentially Contain Novel Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 6864-6872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. LaPara ◽  
Katheryn Hope Wilkinson ◽  
Jacqueline M. Strait ◽  
Raymond M. Hozalski ◽  
Michael J. Sadowksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe bacterial community composition of the full-scale biologically active, granular activated carbon (BAC) filters operated at the St. Paul Regional Water Services (SPRWS) was investigated using Illumina MiSeq analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These bacterial communities were consistently diverse (Shannon index, >4.4; richness estimates, >1,500 unique operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) throughout the duration of the 12-month study period. In addition, only modest shifts in the quantities of individual bacterial populations were observed; of the 15 most prominent OTUs, the most highly variable population (aVariovoraxsp.) modulated less than 13-fold over time and less than 8-fold from filter to filter. The most prominent population in the profiles was aNitrospirasp., representing 13 to 21% of the community. Interestingly, very few of the known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB; <0.07%) and no ammonia-oxidizingArchaeawere detected in the profiles. Quantitative PCR ofamoAgenes, however, suggested that AOB were prominent in the bacterial communities (amoA/16S rRNA gene ratio, 1 to 10%). We conclude, therefore, that the BAC filters at the SPRWS potentially contained significant numbers of unidentified and novel ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms that possessamoAgenes similar to those of previously described AOB.

scholarly journals Effect of advanced oxidation on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and microbial ecology during pilot-scale biological activated carbon filtration

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Ben Stanford ◽  
Eric Dickenson ◽  
Wendell O. Khunjar ◽  
Carissa L. Homme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filtration

Investigation of microbial safety of a full-scale ozonation and biological activated carbon process under high humidity and temperature conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Qiao ◽  
Xihui Zhang ◽  
Guangxue Wu ◽  
Doris W. T. Au
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Microbial Safety ◽  
Bacillus Brevis ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Particle Counts

Microbial safety of a full-scale ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) process was investigated by examining pathogens, microbial community and particle counts, with emphasis on the BAC effluent. The process is located at South China, where the average humidity and air temperature were 70–80% and 22–24 °C, respectively. A high diversity of microbial community existed on the BAC media. Three types of dominant bacteria were identified, including Chryseobacterium indologenes, Bacillus brevis and Pseudomonas stutzeri, accounting for 90–95% of total bacteria number. As to pathogenic bacteria and viruses, an opportunistic pathogen, Bacillus cereus, was detected on the BAC. Six types of invertebrates were also observed on the medium, including rotifer, cyclops, nematode, clodecera, nauplius and blood worm. Diversity and number of invertebrates in the BAC effluent were higher than those in the BAC influent. Particle counts were generally less than 50 CNT/mL, with the maximum of 500 CNT/mL during the initial filtration stage after backwashing.

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