scholarly journals A simplified method to improve water distribution and application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land: adjustment of riser orientation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hui ◽  
Haijun Yan ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Junying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Sloping Land

Abstract To improve the water application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land, indoor tests were conducted on an artificial slope (slopes of 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) to evaluate the effects of two riser orientations, vertical (VO) and perpendicular (PO) to the slope, on the uniformity of sprinkler rotation, radius of throw, water distribution of an individual sprinkler and the overlapped water application uniformity (WAU). Compared with the VO, the PO could effectively improve the water distribution on sloping land and minimize the risk of soil erosion. Additionally, the PO was superior in the WAU, and a rectangular arrangement could dramatically enhance the WAU at smaller sprinkler spacing, while larger acceptable sprinkler spacing was accepted in a triangular arrangement. The riser orientation and sprinkler spacing had the most significant effect on the WAU, followed by the slope and sprinkler arrangement, suggesting that the adjustment of riser orientation or sprinkler spacing was helpful in improving the WAU. However, from the aspects of investment cost and installation convenience for irrigation projects, the method of PO was recommended. Therefore, when designing the sprinkler irrigation systems on the slope, choosing PO is the simplest and most effective way to achieve good irrigation uniformity.

scholarly journals Effect of Pulsating Pressure on Water Distribution and Application Uniformity for Sprinkler Irrigation on Sloping Land

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Boyang Fu ◽  
Naiwang Ren ◽  
Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Sloping Land ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

Crops are highly susceptible to drought in sloping land. Due to its good adaptability to complex terrain, sprinkler irrigation is one of the commonly used methods for sloping land. To improve water application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land, an experiment was conducted on an artificial slope to determine the effects of pulsating versus constant pressure on sprinkler flow rate, radius of throw, water distribution pattern, and water application uniformity. Compared with sprinkler flow rate and water distribution uniformity at constant pressure, sprinkler flow rate was not reduced, but water distribution uniformity for a single sprinkler was improved due to the decreased uphill throw, downhill throw and the ratio of downhill throw to uphill throw at pulsating pressure. The Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) value of water distribution for a single sprinkler at pulsating pressure was about 10% higher than that of constant pressure. When water distribution of single sprinkler overlapped with rectangular arrangement, CU values for pulsating pressure were on average 4.06% higher than those for constant pressure with different sprinkler spacings. Thus, pulsating pressure is recommended for use in sprinkler irrigation on sloping land to improve water application uniformity.

Effects of Plate Structure and Nozzle Diameter on Hydraulic Performance of Fixed Spray Plate Sprinklers at Low Working Pressures

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Rui Chen ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Peak Value

HighlightsThe hydraulic performance of fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) was evaluated at low working pressures.The effects of geometric structure on the hydraulic performance of FSPS were studied.A model was developed for estimating the application depth and uniformity of FSPS under a linear-move system.The recommended values of the most effective sprinkler combination spacing for FSPS are given.Abstract. Reducing the working pressure of sprinklers can effectively reduce the energy consumption of sprinkler irrigation systems. Fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) have a simple structure, and their working pressure has potential to be reduced to 40 kPa. To evaluate the hydraulic performance of FSPS at low pressure, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working pressure, plate structure, and nozzle diameter on sprinkler flow rate, wetted radius, and water application distribution. Two plates (FSPSB and FSPSY) and five nozzles were used in the tests. The cumulative water application depth and irrigation uniformity coefficient were calculated under a linear-move system. The results show that sprinklers with larger nozzle diameters and higher working pressures produce greater coefficients of discharge. The wetted radius gradually increases with the increase in working pressure and nozzle diameter. Two empirical equations for estimating the wetted radius of the two plates are proposed. The FSPSB has a concave trajectory structure that produces a longer wetted radius than the FSPSY, which has a flat trajectory structure. Along the wetted radius, the water application rate increases and then decreases, with a peak value at a certain distance. For the FSPSB, the peak rate of water application decreases with increasing working pressure. However, the FSPSY shows the opposite trend, with the maximum peak value occurring at the highest working pressure of 250 kPa. The water distribution for a single FSPSB sprinkler is discrete due to the greater water dispersal caused by the deeper grooves in the plate. In contrast, a single FSPSY sprinkler provides a more uniform water distribution. The irrigation uniformity of the FSPSY is higher than that of the FSPSB. The recommended values for the most effective sprinkler combination spacings for FSPSB and FSPSY are given in this article. The results may be useful for selecting appropriate sprinklers in hydraulic design procedures. Keywords: Cumulative spray water depth, Irrigation uniformity, Sprinkler irrigation, Water distribution, Working condition.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL250 EM SISTEMAS AUTOPROPELIDOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Application Profile

ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL250EM SISTEMAS AUTOPROPELIDOS DEIRRIGAÇÃO  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta características técnicas do aspersor PLONA-RL250 (vazão, raio de alcance e perfil radial de aplicação de água) e valores de uniformidade de aplicação de água, obtidos em simulações digitais, para o mesmo aspersor operando em sistemas autopropelidos de irrigação com diferentes combinações de ângulos de giro (de 180º a 360º) e espaçamentos de carreadores (de 50% a 100% do diâmetro molhado). Os valores de uniformidade foram apresentados em quatro grupos distintos, cada um dos quais contendo condições operacionais (bocal e pressão) que determinam a ocorrência de uma mesma forma geométrica (I, II, III ou IV) do perfil radial adimensional de aplicação de água do aspersor PLONA-RL250. Nos grupos I, II e III observou-se que espaçamentos de carreadores entre 80 e 90% do diâmetro molhado proporcionaram os maiores valores de uniformidade. Para o grupo IV, os maiores valores encontram-se entre 70 e 80% do diâmetro molhado. Em todas as formas geométricas do perfil, os melhores valores de uniformidade de aplicação de água foram obtidos com ângulos de giro do aspersor entre 210 e 240º. UNITERMOS: simulação, uniformidade de irrigação, ângulo de giro de aspersores.  PRADO, G. do; COLOMBO, A. ANALYSIS OF WATER APPLICATION UNIFORMITY FROM THE PLONA-RL 250 SPRINKLER IN TRAVELER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS  2 ABSTRACT This study presents measured performance data from an PLONA-RL250 sprinkler (discharge, radius of throw and radial water application profile) and water uniformity application values, obtained by digital simulation, from this same sprinkler when operating in traveler irrigation systems under different combinations of wetted sectors (from 180º to 360º) and towpath spacings (from 50% to 100% of the wetter diameter). Simulated water distribution uniformity values were presented in four different groups, according to the geometric shape (I, II, III or IV) assumed by the dimensionless sprinkler application curve, as determined by operating conditions (main nozzle diameter and pressure). For groups I, II, and III, it was observed that towpath spacings with values around 80 to 90% of the wetted diameter resulted on higher uniformity values. For group IV, higher uniformity values were obtained with spacings around 70 to 80% of the wetted diameter. For all geometric shapes (groups), the higher uniformity values were obtained with wetted sectors from 210 to 240o. KEYWORDS: sprinkler simulation, irrigation uniformity, sprinkler wetted sector

scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Alberto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Nozzle Configuration ◽  
Composition Process

COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES  Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho descreve um procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores que operam com dois bocais. Foram determinados na bancada de ensaios de aspersores da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras/MG, os valores de vazão e perfil radial do aspersor PLONA-RL250 operando, individualmente, com os bocais principais 14 e28 mme com os bocais auxiliares 5, 6 e7 mm, e operando, nas diferentes seis combinações de bocal auxiliar e principal do aspersor, sob cinco pressões de serviço (292, 392, 490, 588 e 696 kPa). No processo de composição do perfil radial realizado, ajustando a vazão dos bocais auxiliar e principal, operando individualmente, a vazão do aspersor operando com o conjunto de bocais auxiliar e principal, verificou-se um coeficiente de determinação médio de 88,57% entre as intensidades de precipitação adimensionais dos perfis radiais compostos com os perfis radiais do conjunto. Na relação linear, ajustada, entre os valores de uniformidade de equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação, obtidos com os perfis radiais compostos e do conjunto, a inclinação da reta foi igual a 44°12’com um erro relativo médio de 2,34%. Estes resultados mostram que o procedimento de composição do perfil radial de aspersores não influencia, de maneira significativa, na uniformidade de aplicação de água de aspersores. UNITERMOS: bocais do aspersor, vazão do aspersor, uniformidade de irrigação.  PRADO, G. DO; COLOMBO, A. SPRINKLER WATER DISTRIBUTION COMPOSITIONS  2 ABSTRACT This paper described a procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for a sprinkler that operates with two nozzles. To compose the pattern, discharge values and patterns of the PLONA-RL250 sprinkler were determined at the sprinkler test bench of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in Lavras/MG. The tests were conducted with all possible combinations using 14mm and28 mmmain nozzles and the 5, 6 and7 mmauxiliary nozzles as well as with each nozzle functioning individually. Five working pressures (294, 392, 490, 588 and 686 kPa) were used for each nozzle configuration. In the pattern composition process, by adjusting the main and auxiliary nozzle discharges operating individually, and by adjusting  the sprinkler discharge operating with the corresponding pair of main and auxiliary nozzles, it was verified that the average determination coefficient was 88.57% between the dimensionless water application rate of the composed and pair patterns. In the adjusted linear relation, between the uniformity values of a travel irrigation machine obtained from the composed and pair patterns, the inclination was 44° 12' with an average relative error of 2.34%. These results show that the procedure to compose a sprinkler pattern for sprinklers does not influence significantly the water application uniformity of sprinklers. KEY WORDS: sprinkler nozzles, sprinkler flow rate, irrigation uniformity

Analysis of water application cost with permanent set sprinkler irrigation systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Montero Mart�nez ◽  
R. S. Mart�nez ◽  
J. M. Tarjuelo Mart�n-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Permanent Set

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE UM MICROASPERSOR AUTOCOMPENSANTE

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
José De Arimatea de Matos ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Carlos A. Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Hamilton Medeiros de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
And Performance

AVALIAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE UM MICROASPERSOR AUTOCOMPENSANTE[1]   José de Arimatea de MatosJosé Dantas NetoCarlos A. Vieira de AzevedoHamilton Medeiros de AzevedoUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande - PB. 58109-970, Tel. (083) 310.1318   1 RESUMO   O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição de água e o funcionamento do microaspersor rotativo e autocompensante Dan Sprinkler 2001, par solucionar possíveis problemas no dimensionamento de projetos de irrigação localizada. Em ambiente fechado sem a presença de vento, foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: o raio efetivo molhado, eficiência de aplicação de água, o perfil e a superfície de distribuição pluviométrica. A curva de distribuição de água foi considerada uniforme para um raio efetivo de 2,25m, com eficiência de aplicação de água de 94,2%. O gráfico das isoietas e do perfil tridimensional apresentaram uma aplicação de água uniforme.   UNITERMOS: microaspersor, distribuição de água, irrigação localizada.   MATOS, J.A., DANTAS NETO, J., AZEVEDO, C.A.V., AZEVEDO, H.M. Evaluation of water distribution of a self-compensating microsprinkler   2 ABSTRACT   The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the water distribution and performance of a Dan Sprinkler 2001 rotative and self-compensating microsprinkler, in order to solve possible problems on designing of trickle irrigation projects. At controled conditions, protected from the wind, the following aspects were analyzed: wet effective radius, efficiency of water application, and the outline and surface of pluviometric distributions. The curve of water distribution was considered uniform to an effective  radius equivalent 2.25m, and the efficiency of water application of 94.2%. The isohyets and the tree-dimensional distribution profile graphs exhibited uniform soil surface water application.   KEYWORDS: microsprinkler, water distribution, trickle irrigation.[1] Parte da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO COM IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Kevim Muniz Ventura ◽  
Regiane De Carvalho Bispo ◽  
ROBERTA DANIELA DA SILVA SANTOS ◽  
MARCELLO HENRYQUE COSTA DE SOUZA ◽  
RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Vertical System

ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO COM IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA   KEVIM MUNIZ VENTURA1; REGIANE DE CARVALHO BISPO1; ROBERTA DANIELA DA SILVA SANTOS1; MARCELLO HENRYQUE COSTA DE SOUZA1 E RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN2   1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Irrigação e Drenagem, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP/FCA, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Botucatu, SP, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 2Professor assistente, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, FCA/UNESP. Botucatu, SP, [email protected] *Extraído da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor.     1 RESUMO   A crescente necessidade de elevar a produção em menos espaço guia as pesquisas agropecuárias visando criar tecnologias que busquem atender essa demanda. A possibilidade de produzir hortaliças de forma alternativa é algo que desperta atenção nos agricultores familiares e moradores de áreas urbanas que desejam produzir o próprio alimento. A irrigação é uma das práticas de maior importância para o sucesso de uma horta, seja ela convencional ou vertical, por isso é de suma importância que sistemas de irrigação apresentem uma boa uniformidade de aplicação de água. Desta forma, avaliar o sistema é uma etapa primordial para garantir o adequado manejo da irrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os coeficientes de uniformidade (Christiansen, de distribuição, estatístico e eficiência de aplicação) em uma fita gotejadora após 2 ciclos, em dois sistemas de cultivo (convencional e vertical). Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível observar que a fita utilizada no sistema vertical obteve coeficientes de uniformidade superiores com o passar dos ciclos, garantindo que a aplicação de água neste sistema fosse mais satisfatória que o sistema convencional.   Palavras-chave: Sistema vertical, gotejamento, coeficiente de uniformidade     VENTURA, K. M.; BISPO, R. DE C.; SANTOS, R. D. S.; SOUZA, M. H. C.; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M. ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION UNIFORMITY IN DIFFERENT LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS     2 ABSTRACT   The growing need to leverage production in less space drives the agricultural research, making it to create technologies that seek to meet this demand. The possibility of producing vegetables in an alternative way is something that draws the attention of family of farmers and urban dwellers who wish to produce their own food. Irrigation is one of the most important practices for the success of a conventional or vertical garden, so it is critical that irrigation systems have an excellent uniformity in the water application. Thus, to evaluate the system is a primordial stage to guarantee the adequate irrigation management. This work aims to evaluate the uniformity coefficients (Christiansen, distribution and statistical coefficients) in a drip tape after 2 cycles, in two cropping systems (traditional and vertical). With the results obtained, it was possible to observe that the drip tape used in the vertical system got higher uniformity coefficients than the conventional one, ensuring that the application of water in this system was more satisfactory.   Keywords: Vertical system, drip irrigation, uniformity coefficient

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Nonuniformity on Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiencies in Shallow-rooted Vegetable Cropping Systems

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 446B-446
Author(s):  
B. Sanden ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
L. Pan ◽  
R. Strohman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Set Up

This research tests the hypothesis that decreasing lateral spacing from 45 to 35 feet in solid-set sprinkler systems increases the uniformity of irrigation water distribution and improves water and N fertilizer use efficiencies. Three different spacings between sprinkler laterals (35', 40', and 45') were set up in three blocks in a 60-acre commercial carrot field in Western Kern County in California's San Joaquin Valley. Determinations of irrigation water distribution uniformity, yields, crop water use, plant growth, and nitrate leaching were made. Mean sprinkler distribution uniformities (DU) were found to be 80.6%, 78.1%, and 86% for the 35-, 40-, and 45-ft spacings, respectively. Total carrot yield and quality did not differ significantly among the three spacings, corroborating the finding that irrigation uniformities were similar among the treatments. Although the three lateral spacings evaluated in this initial experiment did not result in major differences in irrigation uniformity, total yields, or quality, the findings of this initial stage of our research are significant. They point to the need for new assessments of currently used protocols for evaluating sprinkler irrigation management of water and nitrogen fertilizer if they can be confirmed by repeated trials in coming years.

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