Changes in Particle Size Distributions on a Fixed Bed of Granular Activated Carbon
The particle size distribution at different bed depths of a fixed bed of granular activated carbon (GAC) has been monitored during 50 weeks of a pilot column run at the Waterford, New York potable water treatment plant. Initial backwashing resulted in significant stratification of GAC in the column: larger particles (average diameter 1.18 mm) settled in the bottom of the column (105 cm), and smaller particles (average diameter 0.97 mm) were concentrated near the top (24 cm), compared to samples of unstratified virgin Calgon F400 (average diameter 1.09 mm). During column loading and initial backwashing, more fines were created than were present in the virgin GAC (average 6.5% of GAC fines in the > 40 mesh fraction, compared to only 0.3% in the > 40 mesh fraction for virgin Calgon F400). After 50 weeks of service there was an overall trend toward a smaller average particle size (0.9 mm) with development of a more regular pattern of bed stratification (1.08 mm at the bottom and 0.75 mm at the top). These changes are attributed to breaking of large particles (12-20 mesh) and creation of intermediate size particles (20-30 and 30-40 mesh).