The Utilization of Plastic Pipe for Submarine Outfalls – State of the Art

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Lars-Eric
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development

During the last 25 years, a great number of submarine pipelines have been built in Scandinavia. They are all a result of intensive activity in the field of environmental control, the consequence of which has often been that the last purification step in the wastewater treatment process has been considered to be the dilution of the residual waste into the ocean. Efforts have been made to develop a new piping technology which would allow great depths and points situated far off-shore to be reached, where the risk of problems due to floatable materials flowing back to the shore is insignificant. It has been regarded as especially essential to find a technique which would enable a cheap and rapid procedure for pipe submersion even far off-shore and in heavy sea conditions. The reason for this is that a major proportion of the cost of a submarine pipeline relates to submersion work. Additional requirements were that the pipe material should withstand sudden and even exceptional wave forces and also permit uneven settlements as well as movement of sediment on the sea bed. Thus, the aim has been to develop a highly flexible pipe. The paper presents the state of the art by referring to a submarine outfall project implemented in Sweden 1985. Some need for further development is also discussed.

scholarly journals Harmless Treatment of Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride Production Effluent: From Lab Scale to Pilot Scale

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhou ◽  
Xide Liu ◽  
Chuangqi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
The Cost

More economical and effective technology is being developedin the wastewater treatment process to deal with the products of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHH). Fixed ammonium in the effluent is converted to free ammonia by utilizing the neutralization reaction, and the sulfate is removed in the form of gypsum. Meanwhile, the toxic PHH is recycled according to the extraction and re-extraction technology. The raffinate phase is reused through boiling off ammonia vapor. The recovery rates of PHH reach 93.3% in the laboratory and 92.9% at the pilot scale, respectively. Compared with our previous work, the cost of the new technology is ~1/10 of the original, and the profit increases ~3.5-fold. Consequently, it has great potential to be applied to industrial production.

scholarly journals DISPOSAL ALCOHOL WASTEWATER WITHOUT USING THERMAL TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Vadim Krutikov ◽  
Ivan Semenov ◽  
Dmitriy Dubrovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
The Cost

The possibility of withdrawing alcohol wastewater from thermal treatment to a sewage treatment plant was considered in this article. These measures can reduce the cost of fuel used for thermal treatment, as well as improve the quality of the biological wastewater treatment process

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

Comparison of F-specific bacteriophage, enterococci, and faecal coliform densities through a wastewater treatment process employing oxidation ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Turner ◽  
G. D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
Specific Bacteriophage

Over a 12 month period F-specific bacteriophages, faecal coliforms and enterococci were compared as microbial indicator organisms for the quality of a wastewater treatment (oxidation pond) system. Results suggest that enterococci may be the most useful indicator for oxidation pond systems.

The Concept of the Optimum Alignment of Discharge Pipelines Due to the Minimization of the Wave Forces

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
A. Akyarli ◽  
Y. Arisoy
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Incoming Wave ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
Optimum Alignment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Resultant Wave

As the wave forces are the function of the wave height, period and the angle between the incoming wave direction and the axis of the discharge pipeline, the resultant wave force is directly related to the alignment of the pipeline. In this paper, a method is explained to determine an optimum pipeline route for which the resultant wave force becomes minimum and hence, the cost of the constructive measures may decrease. Also, the application of this method is submitted through a case study.

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