On Site High Rate UASB Anaerobic Demonstration Plant Treatment of NSSC Wastewater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. A. Habets ◽  
M. H. Tielbaard ◽  
A. M. D. Ferguson ◽  
C. F. Prong ◽  
A. J. Chmelauskas
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Results of a 19 m3 demonstration plant studies are summarized. The plant is located at Sturgeon Falls at a NSSC mill and hardboard plant owned by MacMillan Bloedel. The mill discharges 6300 m3/day of waste effluent containing 50 tonnes of BOD and 127 tonnes of COD. Lab scale testing (1983) and an 18 month 1.4 m3 reactor volume pilot plant study (1985) were completed confirming treatability of the wastewater and suitability of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology among others to successfully treat the mill wastewater. Discharged effluent contains spent sulphite liquor and primary clarifier effluent. As required, the 1.4 m3 Biopaq System successfully achieved BOD reductions in excess of 75 percent at loadings greater than 10 kg COD/m3.d. As a consequence of this and because of economic considerations, the Biopaq System of Paques-Lavalin was selected for on site demonstration during a 12 months period. This period started in spring 1986. Erection of a full-scale plant is planned to take place in 1988. The purpose of the on site demonstration study is to confirm wastewater treatability, optimize design loading rates and confirm granular sludge growth. To achieve the objectives and simulate full-scale operating conditions the MacMillan Bloedel pilot plant has been automated and is controlled via a microprocessor incorporating a customized software program. Start-up performance results and operation at incremental loadings under steady state conditions are presented together with the experience gained during extreme variations in mill effluent quality and flow. Preliminary study results from the first 10 months disclose that a BOD removal efficiency of 80 percent or better is achieved at weekly average loadings of 15 kg COD/m3.d, and the process offers strong resilience to daily swings in wastewater quality. The results also show a net accumulation of granular sludge. The practical application of this technology from a mill operating perspective is discussed, and the layout for a full-scale installation with projected capital and operating costs is provided. Most of the contents of this paper was presented at the Tappi 1987 Environmental Conference (Prong etal, 1987). This paper presents the latest results.

The influence of calcium on granular sludge in a full-scale UASB treating paper mill wastewater

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Batstone ◽  
J. Landelli ◽  
A. Saunders ◽  
R.I. Webb ◽  
L.L. Blackall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Partial Linear

Calcium precipitation can have a number of effects on the performance of high-rate anaerobic performance including cementing of the sludge bed, limiting diffusion, and diluting the active biomass. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of precipitation in a stable full-scale system fed with high-calcium paper factory wastewater. Granules were examined from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (volume 1,805 m3) at a recycled paper mill with a loading rate of 5.7–6.6 kgCOD.m−3.d−1 and influent calcium concentration of 400–700 gCa.m−3. The granules were relatively small (1 mm), with a 200–400 μm core of calcium precipitate as observed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Compared to other granules, Methanomicrobiales not Methanobacteriales were the dominant hydrogen or formate utilisers, and putative acidogens were filamentous. The strength of the paper mill fed granules was very high when compared to granules from other full-scale reactors, and a partial linear correlation between granule strength and calcium concentration was identified.

Advanced Reactor Design, Operation and Economy

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gatze Lettinga ◽  
Look Hulshoff Pol
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Feed Inlet

Of the high rate anaerobic wastewater treatment systems the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor has found the widest application. Therefore the attention with respect to design, operation and economy will be focussed on this reactor type. In designing a UASB reactor specific attention is needed for the GSS (Gas-Solids Separator) device and the feed inlet system. For soluble wastewater generally no phase separation is required. Only for wastewaters high in suspended solids pre-acidification in a separate acidification reactor can be beneficial. Increasing attention is given to the development of modified UASB systems, such as a combination of a sludge bed reactor and an anaerobic filter. Other possible modified UASB systems may be found in a FS (Floating Settling) UASB reactor, the EGSB (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) reactor and the UASB IC (Internal Circulation) reactor. As many factors are involved in the costs of a UASB reactor, only some rough data on reactor costs are presented.

High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Anaerobic mesophilic treatment of synthetic (a mixture of acetate and methanol) and thermomechanical pulping (TMP) wastewater was studied in laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and filters with emphasis on the process start-up. The reactors were inoculated with nongranular sludge. The start-up of mesophilic and thermophilic processes inoculated with mesophilic granular sludge was investigated in UASB reactors fed with diluted vinasse. The start-up proceeded faster in the filters than in the UASB reactors with TMP and synthetic wastewater. Loading rates of over 15 kgCODm−3d−1 with 50-60 % COD removal efficiencies were achieved in 10 days in the mesophilic and in 50 days in the thermophilic UASB reactor treating vinasse. The results show that high-rate anaerobic treatment can be applied to different types of industrial wastewaters under varying conditions.

Pemodelan Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pengolah Molasse Pada Pembebanan Organik Tinggi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Telah dikembangkan reaktor anaerob kecepatan tinggi (high rate) yang merupakan modifikasi reaktor konvensional. Di antaranya berupa (bio)reaktor pertumbuhan tersuspensi (contoh: UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) dan reaktor pertumbuhan lekat (Fixed Bed atau Biofilter, Fluidized Bed, Expanded Bed, Rotating Biodisc dan Baffled Reactor). Kedua tipe reaktor di atas memiliki sejumlah kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai positifnya (terutama untuk keperluan desain) maka reaktor tersebut, pada penelitian ini, disusun menjadi satu urutan yang disebut Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob (Rehan) yakni UASB di bawah dan AF di atasnya. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kinerja Rehan dalam mengolah air limbah (substrat) yang konsentrasi zat organiknya (COD) sangat tinggi dan suatu model matematika yang dapat mewakili reaktor tersebut.

Toxicity of Sulfite and Cadmium to Anaerobic Granular Sludge

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-598
Author(s):  
C.F. Shew ◽  
N. Kosaric
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Load Conditions

Abstract Toxicity of sulfite (Na2SO3) and cadmium (CdCl2) ions to anaerobic granular sludge was investigated in 1.2 litre bench-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors during process acclimation and shock load conditions. Minimal sulfite toxicity was observed under gradual and shock load conditions at sulfite concentrations of up to 1000 mg S/L if proper acclimation was allowed to occur. No long-term toxic effects were observed although the COD digestion rate was temporarily inhibited by shock load of sulfite. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that more sulfate-reducing bacteria were present in the granules developed in the reactors with sulfite supplement although rod-shaped Methanosaeta-like bacteria were still dominant. High bacterial growth rate was observed in the reactors which were supplied with the feed containing sulfite. The COD digestion rate was inhibited at a cadmium loading rate of 2.4 g Cd per day under both acclimation and shock load conditions. Acclimation did not seem to improve the bacteria to tolerate the toxicity of cadmium. The concentration of free cadmium was very low in the reactors under normal conditions, but increased rapidly when the COD digestion in the reactors ceased. The bacteria could not be reactivated after inhibited by cadmium. When reactors were operated at low specific COD loading rates, more inorganic precipitates were formed inside the granules which consequently settled faster.

Anaerobic Thermophilic (55°C) Treatment of TMP Whitewater in Reactors Based on Biomass Attachment and Entrapment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala ◽  
Hallvard Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater was treated in thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic laboratory-scale reactors using three different reactor configurations. In all reactors up to 70% COD removals were achieved. The anaerobic hybrid reactor, composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a filter, gave degradation rates up to 10 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15 kg COD/m3d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.1 hours. The anaerobic multi-stage reactor, consisting of three compartments, each packed with granular sludge and carrier elements, gave degradation rates up to 9 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15-16 kg COD/m3d, and HRT down to 2.6 hours. Clogging and short circuiting eventually became a problem in the multi-stage reactor, probably caused by too high packing of the carriers. The anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor performed similar to the other reactors at loading rates below 1.4 kg COD/m3d, which was the highest loading rate applied. The use of carriers in the anaerobic reactors allowed short HRT with good treatment efficiencies for TMP whitewater.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity Dynamics in a Methanogenic-Sulfidogenic UASB Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
E. Fernández-Palacios ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Mabel Mora ◽  
David Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Long Run

In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction in a SOx emissions treatment system were assessed using crude glycerol as organic carbon source and electron donor under constant S and C loading rates. The reactor was inoculated with granular sludge obtained from a pulp and paper industry and fed at a constant inlet sulfate concentration of 250 mg S-SO42−L−1 and a constant C/S ratio of 1.5 ± 0.3 g Cg−1 S for over 500 days. Apart from the regular analysis of chemical species, Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the dynamics of the bacterial community along with the whole operation. The reactor was sampled along the operation to monitor its diversity and the changes in targeted species to gain insight into the performance of the sulfidogenic UASB. Moreover, studies on the stratification of the sludge bed were performed by sampling at different reactor heights. Shifts in the UASB performance correlated well with the main shifts in microbial communities of interest. A progressive loss of the methanogenic capacity towards a fully sulfidogenic UASB was explained by a progressive wash-out of methanogenic Archaea, which were outcompeted by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio was found as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor along time. A progressive reduction in the sulfidogenic capacity of the UASB was found in the long run due to the accumulation of a slime-like substance in the UASB.

Improved nitrogen removal in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors by incorporation of Anammox bacteria into the granular sludge

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Schmidt ◽  
D.J. Batstone ◽  
I. Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors may offer a number of advantages over conventional mixed-tank, SBR, and biofilm reactors, including high space-loading, low footprint, and resistance to shocks and toxins. In this study, we assessed the use of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor technology as applied to anaerobic ammonia removal, or Anammox. Four 200 ml UASB reactors were inoculated with 50% (by volume) anaerobic granular sludge and 50% flocular sludge from different sources (all with the potential for containing Anammox organisms). Tools used to assess the reactors included basic analyses, fluorescent in-situ hybridisation, and mathematical modelling, with statistical non-linear parameter estimation. Two of the reactors showed statistically identical Anammox activity (i.e., identical kinetic parameters), with good ammonia and nitrite removal (0.14 kgNHx m-3 reactor day-1, with 99% ammonia removal). The third reactor also demonstrated significant Anammox activity, but with poor identifiability of parameters. The fourth reactor had no statistical Anammox activity. Modelling indicated that poor identifiability and performance in the third and fourth reactors were related to an excess of reduced carbon, probably originating in the inoculum. Accumulation of Anammox organisms was confirmed both by a volume loading much lower than the growth rate, and response to a probe specific for organisms previously reported to mediate Anammox processes. Overall, the UASB reactors were effective as Anammox systems, and identifiability of the systems was good, and repeatable (even compared to a previous study in a rotating biological contactor). This indicates that operation, design, and analysis of Anammox UASB reactors specifically, and Anammox systems in general, are reliable and portable, and that UASB systems are an appropriate technology for this process.

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