Factors Influencing the Bacteriological Quality of Spa-Pool Waters in New South Wales (Australia)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
A. G. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Principal Factors

The increasing popularity in the use of spa pools during the 1970's and 1980's and the accompanying incidents of folliculitis and ear infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with spa-pool use has necessitated the development of bacteriological and chemical guidelines for spa-pool water quality. The New South Wales (N.S.W.) Department of Health introduced a bacteriological standard for swimming pools and spa-pools in 1981 based on the findings of a series of surveys aimed at identifying the principal factors influencing the bacteriological quality of spa waters. Four surveys are summarised in this paper. The major findings described are the tenfold higher recovery of P. aeruginosa from spa-pools than from outdoor pools; the need for at least 2.0 milligrams per litre (mg/L) free chlorine residual in order to achieve reliable satisfactory water quality in spas compared with a requirement of 1.0mg/L to achieve the same quality in outdoor pools; the need to maintain pH below 8.0 in order to ensure efficient chlorine disinfection; the apparent inability of bromochlorodimethylhydantoin to adequately disinfect spas during heavy bather load periods; and the success of the Health Department's spa-pool operator education program which resulted in a 30% reduction in the incidence of bacteriologically unsatisfactory spa-pool waters in N.S.W. between 1980 and 1986.

Assessment of drinking water quality in regional New South Wales, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. M. L. D. Senevirathna ◽  
Andrea M. Goncher ◽  
Aaron Hollier
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Public Places ◽  
South Wales

Abstract There is a substantial research gap relating to the quality of drinking water in regional Australia and identifying possible improvements. In particular, the quality of water available in public places (washing and drinking), such as water bubblers installed in regional parks, schools, rest areas and railway stations, is poorly investigated. This paper discusses the primary and secondary water quality of eight water distribution networks in New South Wales (NSW) regional towns. An analysis of a large number of drinking water samples (more than 11,000) identified that maintaining microbial water quality and the required free chlorine level (>0.2 mg/L) are challenging issues for regional water distribution networks. Sixty-three per cent of the samples collected from the water outlets available in public places of a regional town showed free chlorine levels of <0.2 mg/L, and 30% of samples showed positive results for total coliform. All heavy metal levels of the samples were within the safe level. Water temperature was identified as the most problematic secondary water quality parameter in public water bubblers. Stainless steel was the common material used in bubblers where surface temperatures exceeded 50 °C during summer. This study identifies possible design and operational modifications to improve regional drinking water quality and make public water bubblers more usable.

Evaluation of postharvest infiltration of calcium to delay the ripening of avocados

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
RBH Wills ◽  
S Sirivatanapa ◽  
Sirivatanapa Somjate
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
South Wales

Postharvest vacuum infiltration of calcium into mature but unripe Hass and Fuerte avocados obtained from 80 growers in the 3 major growing districts in Australia over 2 seasons delayed the time to ripen compared with untreated fruit; but the magnitude of the response varied. Hass fruit from 66% of growers in the Murray Valley showed a significant delay in ripening and the average increase in fruit from all growers was 45% over that of untreated fruit. The response of Fuerte fruit was similar between districts, with an average delay in ripening time of about 30% and with fruit from 60% of growers having a significant increase. Hass fruit from North Queensland and northern New South Wales gave the lowest average delay in ripening of about 10% and an increased delay was significant for fruit from 25% of growers. The quality of ripe Hass fruit was not affected by calcium infiltration, whereas a slight decrease in the quality of Fuerte fruit was observed.

Drinking water quality in regional Hunter New England, New South Wales, Australia, 2001-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis Godfrey Jaravani ◽  
Michelle Butler ◽  
Paul Byleveld ◽  
David N. Durrheim ◽  
Peter. D. Massey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
South Wales

Nature Conservation in Rangelands: Lessons From Research on Reserve Selection in New South Wales.

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
New South ◽  
Full Range ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reserve Selection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Land Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Information on the features to be protected in a system of conservation reserves is an obvious requirement. The quality of the data base will primarily determine the effectiveness of conservation planning in protecting the full range of natural features in a region. However, the way in which data are used to make decisions on the locations of protected areas is also critical. Rigorous procedures for reserve selection can make the difference between achieving reservation goals or not. Research on reserve selection in New South Wales over recent years has concerned both data bases and procedures for guiding decisions. Reserve planning in many regions is based largely on some form of land classification like vegetation types or land systems. There are good reasons for using such land classes to guide the selection of reserves and to judge their representativeness. Nevertheless, they can have considerable limitations as a basis for protecting all the species in a region. These limitations are reviewed with references to more detailed discussions of particular issues. The paper also reviews a variety of procedures for selecting reserves which have been tested and applied in New South Wales. Some of the recent procedures are conceptually simple but very useful in identifying the requirements of reservation goals and demonstrating the options available to planners for representing particular features. Three principles are proposed which should underpin any attempt at systematic conservation planning.

scholarly journals Site testing at Dome C: history and present status

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 693-694
Author(s):  
Jean Vernin ◽  
Abdelkrim Agabi ◽  
Eric Aristidi ◽  
Max Azouit ◽  
Merieme Chadid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Site Testing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Académie Des Sciences ◽  
Astrophysical Research

The idea of starting an astronomical site testing in Antarctica began during a congress organized by French Académie des Sciences, in 1992, and entitled ‘Recherches polaires-Une Stratégie pour l'an 2000’. At this time, one of us (Vernin 1994) gave a proposal for an astronomical site testing in Antarctica. This proposal was rapidly followed by a meeting between Al Harper (from ‘Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica’, Chicago), Peter Gillingham (from the Anglo Australian Observatory, Australia) and Jean Vernin (from Nice University) at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, in 1993. It was decided to investigate what was the astronomical quality of South Pole station, each institute bringing its own participation: CARA, the South Pole infrastructure, University of New South Wales, a PhD student and Nice University its expertise and instruments.

Population Dynamics of the Australian Plague Locust, Chortoicetes Terminifera (Walker) in Central Western New South Wales. Ii. Factors Influencing Natality and Survival.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Savannah Woodland ◽  
Australian Plague Locust

Unrealized natality and mortalities at successive development stages were measured during synchronized breeding by populations of the Australian plague locust. Studies were made over a 3-y period, covering nine generations, on small plots situated in pastures derived originally from savannah woodland in central western New South Wales. Variations in natality and mortalities were influenced more by variation in soil moisture, primarily through its effect on pasture conditions, than by the effects of natural enemies; these variations were closely correlated with seasonal rainfall. Unidentified losses, independent of known variables, were recorded in the hopper stage and were highest in the hatchling. Such losses invariably exceeded 60% even under the most favourable conditions encountered in the field during the study period. The quantitative relationships established in this study between the plague locust and its natural enemies and other environmental factors suggest that prospects for the biological control of this pest by either native or introduced species are poor.

Weed control when establishing irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa)

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
WL Felton ◽  
AC Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
South Wales

Three experiments were done at Tamworth, New South Wales, on weed control during lucerne establishment. In experiment 1, autumn sown, trifluralin incorporated in the soil eight weeks before sowing provided better control than benefin of grasses (mainly Poa annua) and deadnettle (Lamium amplexicaule). Neither of these treatments controlled shepherds purse (Capsella bursa pastoris), reduced lucerne density nor increased its yield. Post emergent treatment with 2,4-DB or prometryne increased lucerne yield, the latter being the more effective. In experiment 2, also autumn sown, the problem weeds were deadnettle and shepherds purse. Trifluralin and benefin both increased lucerne yield when applied either one or three weeks before sowing, but hay quality, as gauged by weed contamination, was not improved. Post emergent application of prometryne increased lucerne yield and improved the quality of the hay. Experiment 3 was spring sown. The problem weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp), was controlled by benefin and trifluralin, resulting in greater lucerne yield and better hay quality. Trifluralin was more effective when applied three weeks before sowing compared with one week.

Fresh market tomatoes for production on raised beds in New South Wales

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
VQ Nguyen ◽  
R Hermus ◽  
WB McGlasson ◽  
SK Meldrum ◽  
ME Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

The aim of the experiments described in this paper was to identify determinate cultivars suited to production of fresh market tomatoes on raised beds in the inland irrigation areas of the south-west area of New South Wales from January to April. Cultivars that produce high yields of first-grade medium to large fruit, and are smooth, nearly round, firm and an even bright red when ripe are required. The plants should have good leaf coverage to prevent sunburn, and jointless pedicels to facilitate harvesting. The period of maturation of the fruit should be short to permit recovery of the crop with a maximum of 3 harvests. Ten lines including Sunny, a .reference cultivar with jointed pedicels, were evaluated at Richmond in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area and at Leeton in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, 1984-86. The lines were trickle-irrigated and mulched with black polyethylene film except at Leeton in 1985-86 when a trickle-irrigated, no mulch treatment and a furrow-irrigated treatment were included. The experiments showed that it is possible to produce yields of 50-100 t ha-1 of first-grade fruit with trickle irrigation. No significant advantage was obtained at Leeton in 1985-86 by using polyethylene mulch; however, the mulch largely eliminated the need for hand-chipping of weeds from among the plants. The visual quality of fruit grown at Leeton was excellent but total soluble solids levels were low, ripe fruit were unexpectedly soft, and sensory scores for flavour and general acceptability were only satisfactory. Overall, 2 cultivars that have jointless pedicels, Red Chief and Delta Contender, showed promise. A jointless hybrid line, HARU 83-148, which was bred at Richmond, warrants further evaluation. Some signs of incipient field chilling of fruit were observed at Leeton in fruit harvested after the first week in April.

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