Evaluation of odour removal by pilot-scale biological treatment process trains during spring runoff in an ice-covered river

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
P. M. Huck ◽  
M. J. Mitton ◽  
S. L. Kenefick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Odour Removal ◽  
By Products

Biological water treatment has been shown to effectively remove biodegradable organic matter, chlorinated by-products and ozonation by-products from drinking water during a large pilot-scale study for the American Water Works Association Research Foundation using the North Saskatchewan River, at Edmonton. In addition to studying total organic carbon, assimilable organic carbon, chlorine demand, haloacetic acid formation potential, trihalomethane formation potential, adsorbable organic halide formation potential, chloral hydrate and aldehydes, this study used a flavour profile panel to follow the removal of odour through different process trains involving biological treatment during the annual spring runoff which has historically caused odour incidents in the water supply. Over the 5-week period of the study, the raw water was found to develop from a very mild grassy odour to a strong odour, variously characterized as septic, manure, musty, earthy and hay-like. The odour persisted and changed character to varying degrees through the various process trains under study. The results verified the futility of relying on a strictly oxidative treatment like ozone for odour removal as well as showing that biological treatment using granular activated carbon could produce an essentially odour-free effluent during a transient raw-water odour event.

scholarly journals Control of disinfection by-products and biodegradable organic matter through biological treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Shukairy ◽  
R. J. Miltner ◽  
R. S. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Chlorine Demand ◽  
By Products ◽  
Biodegradable Organic Matter

The optimal use of ozonation as a pretreatment process prior to biological treatment of Ohio River water was investigated at both the bench (batch) and pilot-plant (continuous flow) scale. The study focused on disinfection by-products (DBPs) and DBP precursor compounds and on the production of biologically stable water. Biotreatment was achieved using a bench-scale fixed-film reactor with sand acclimated to the raw Ohio River water. Ozonation was found to create a number of aldehydes, in particular formaldehyde, methyl glyoxal, glyoxal and acetaldehyde. With the exception of formaldehyde, a plateau in the aldehyde yield occurred at an ozone to total organic carbon (03/TOC) ratio of 0,7 mg/mg, while formaldehyde increased with increasing ozone dose. After biotreatment, the concentration of aldehydes were below 1 µg/1. Increasing ozone doses were also found to increase the assimilable organic carbon (AOC), by both NOX and P17 procedures, and the biodegradable dissolved organic carton (BDOC). The AOC values showed a maximum at about an 03/TOC ratio of 2 mg/mg, white the BDOC continued to increase with the highest ozone dose : an 03/TOC ratio of 2,8 mg/mg. Both ozonation and biotreatment were fond to decrease the chlorine demand by up to 75 % for ozonation and 55 % for biotreatment. Similar trends were found for the impact of ozonation and biotreatment on the precursor compounds for total organic halogen (TOX), total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and total haloacetic acids (THAAs), as measured by the formation potential (FP) test : 12 mg/l chlorine, 7 days, 25 °C, 6.5-7.2 pH. An ozone dose of 0.4 03/DOC (mg/mg) decreased the TOXFP, TTHMFP and THAAFP by 28 %, 23 % and 33 %, respectively. Further increases in ozone only marginally increased the amount of the TOXFP and TTHMFP removed, white a maximum removal of 53 % of the THAAFP occurred at 03/DOC ratio of 0.87 mg/mg. Biotreatment of the nonozonated samples yielded 39 %, 38 % and 73 % removal of the TOXFP, TTHMFP and THAAFP, respectively. Biotreatment of the ozonated sample yielded a 30 to 50 % reduction in TOXFP and TTHMFP, while a constant level of 30 to 40 µg/l of THAAFP was achieved. Chloropicrin formation potential increased with ozone dose, but subsequent biotreatment reduced it to below 0.2 µg/l. Ozonation was Pound to oxidize chorine demand and the precursors for TOX, THM and HAAs. However, it created chloropicrin precursors, aldehydes and other biodegradable organic matter. Biotreatment was found to further reduce the chlorine demand, the precursors for TOX, THMs and HAAs and reduce the ozone created disinfection by-products.

Removal of DOM and THM formation potential of tropical surface water by ceramic microfiltration

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abeynayaka ◽  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
N. Monthakanti ◽  
T. Hashimoto ◽  
H. Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Water Treatment Process

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) removal by ceramic microfiltration (CMF) under different operating conditions was investigated and compared with the performance of a conventional water treatment plant at Bangkhen, Thailand. The tropical surface raw water for all the experiments was taken from Chaophraya River, Bangkok, Thailand. CMF studies were conducted with both pilot scale (Pilot-CMF) and laboratory scale (Lab-CMF) units. Observations indicate that the properties of raw water such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) vary with time. Under these varying raw water conditions, the conventional water treatment process demonstrates varying THMFP removals. The Pilot-CMF provides better and steady THMFP removals compared to conventional process. Bangkhen water treatment plant (BWTP) filtrate SUVA (2.01 ± 1.07) and Pilot-CMF filtrate SUVA (3.22 ± 0.98) were significantly lower compared to raw water SUVA (4.79 ± 1.39). This SUVA reduction indicated a higher removal of aromatic DOMs through both treatment processes. Pilot-CMF manifest a grater removal of hydrophilic DOM compared to filtrate from BWTP. This corresponds to a higher reduction of THMFP by Pilot-CMF over BWTP. It was found that higher removal of DOC by Pilot-CMF is associated with coagulation process, effects of suspended solids and membrane properties.

scholarly journals Application of pilot scale trickling filter couple with pre-ozonation for ammonia, iron and dissolved organic carbon removals from Saigon river water

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (M2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Ngan Ngoc Kim Le ◽  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Chlorine Demand ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
By Products

A pilot scale trickling filter and pre-ozonation contactor with capacity of about 20 m3/day was run at Hoa Phu Pump Station which takes raw water from Saigon River for drinking water supply for Ho Chi Minh City. The raw water contains 0.52 ± 0.19 mg NH4+-N/l, 0.14 ± 0,06 mg/l total iron and 3.14 ± 0.45 mg/l DOC. The study aimed to using the pilot scale experiment to assess ammonia, iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removals from Saigon Water River for the sake of reducing chlorine demand and thus mitigating risk from Disinfection By Products (DBPs) formation. The size of the trickling filter was 0.5 m long x 0.5 wide x 2m high. The bio-media was seven PE wool sheets with thickness of 30 mm that is widely used as filter cloth in aquariums. It run at hydraulic loading of 3 m3/m2.h of raw water, and 8 m3/m2.h, where 50% of total flow was the returned effluent of pre-ozonation. The pilot scale pre-ozonation contactor which has the size of 0.6 m long x 0.6 m wide x 2.0 m high was operated at contact time of 15 minutes and ozone concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The ammonia, iron and DOC removals at 8 m3/m2.h were 58%, 25% and 22%, respectively. Whereas, it obtained ammonia, iron and DOC removals of 52%, 19% and 9% DOC respectively. Thus, even though the experiment with returned pre-ozonation effluent run at high hydraulic loading rate, the better performance was obtained as comparison to the experiment without return.

Monitoring advanced oxidation of Suwannee River fulvic acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janey V. Camp ◽  
Dennis B. George ◽  
Martha J. M. Wells ◽  
Pedro E. Arce
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Suwannee River ◽  
Suwannee River Fulvic Acid ◽  
Pulsed Electrical Discharge ◽  
By Products

Environmental context.Potentially toxic disinfection by-products form when water containing humic and fulvic acids is chlorinated to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. A pulsed electrical discharge was examined for its ability to destroy an aquatic fulvic acid by oxidation. Spectroscopically, changes in the organic structures were observed, but carbon content and disinfection by-products were not reduced. Abstract.A pilot-scale pulsed electrical discharge (PED) system was used to treat Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) as a representative precursor material for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), specifically trihalomethane compounds. Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were used as analytical parameters to monitor the effects of treatment on the substrate. The potential for SRFA degradation (5 mg L–1 DOC) was examined over 60 min at each of four operational configurations, varying pulse energy and frequency (0.15 J and 60 Hz, 0.15 J and 120 Hz, 0.4 J and 60 Hz, and 0.4 J and 120 Hz) in a factorial design. Statistically significant changes occurred for UV254, EX254EM460, and EX328EM460 under selected conditions; however, concomitant changes in DOC and THMFP were not observed. The composition of SRFA changed, but organic carbon was not mineralised to carbon dioxide. In addition to showing degradation by PED, the significance of the preliminary findings of this research was to demonstrate that spectroscopic monitoring of precursor degradation alone can be misleading, and that whereas ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated degradation of precursor compounds, DOC and THMFP measurements were unchanged and did not support the occurrence of mineralisation in this system.

Effects of water matrix and ozonation on natural organic matter fractionation and corresponding disinfection by-products formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Agbaba ◽  
J. Molnar ◽  
A. Tubić ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
S. Maletić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Organic Matter Fractionation ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
By Products

In this study the influence of water matrix and oxidation treatment by ozone on natural organic matter (NOM) fractionation and corresponding disinfection by-products formation was investigated. Three water types were selected, based on their different NOM contents (5.16–9.85 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and structures (42–79% proportion of hydrophobic NOM fraction). It was determined that increasing the ozone dose (0.2–0.8 mg O3/mg DOC) generally led to reductions in DOC (2–26%) and trihalomethane formation potential values (4–58%). Results of NOM fractionation showed that the reactivity of all the individual NOM fractions towards trihalomethane formation decreased after ozone oxidation (0.8 mg O3/mg DOC) by 47–69%, relative to the raw waters.

Biofiltration of Ozonated Humic Water in Expanded Clay Aggregate Filters

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Melin ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Methyl Glyoxal ◽  
By Products

Treatment of humic water was studied in a pilot-scale ozonation/biofiltration treatment plant. The raw water had TOC and CODMn concentrations of 3.2-5.0 and 4.1-6.6 mgO 1−1, respectively, and colour (410 nm) of 30-50 mgPt 1−1. The effect of biofilter loading rate on removal of organic matter and ozonation by-products was investigated in two upflow biofilters containing expanded clay aggregate (Filtralite) media. The empty bed contact times ranged from 11 to 54 min. The TOC removals varied from 18 to 37% and the CODMn removals from 30 to 48% with ozone dosages from 1.0 to 1.7 mgO3 mgTOC−1. The ozone dosage seemed to have larger effect on removal efficiency than the loading rate. Concentrations of aldehydes (sum of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal) were 41-47 μg 1−1 in ozonated water. Formaldehyde and glyoxal were the only aldehydes detected from the biofilter effluents at concentrations higher than 1 μg 1−1, but their mean concentrations were below 2.1 μg 1−1. The ketoacid concentrations (sum of glyoxylic, pyruvic and ketomalonic acids) ranged from 272 to 441 μg 1−1. Average biofilter effluent concentrations varied from 5.3 (glyoxylic acid) up to 67 μg 1−1 (ketomalonic acid) with steady-state reductions generally over 80%. The aldehydes and ketoacids accounted on average for 16% of the biodegraded TOC. The results show that expanded clay aggregate media is a good alternative as biofilter material.

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