Modelling biological treatability for meat processing effluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Görgün ◽  
E. Ubay Çokgör ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
F. Germirli ◽  
N. Artan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Decay Model ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
Modelling Approach

Biological treatability of major agro-industries wastewaters, such as meat processing effluents can only be evaluated with specific emphasis on slowly biodegradable substrate and using a multi-component modelling approach. This paper reviews the framework of the endogenous decay model and summarizes the necessary COD fractionation and the kinetic information to be incorporated in this model as applied to a meat processing effluent. Model interpretations of the respirometric experiments are used to define the fate of slowly biodegradable COD. Behavior of this wastewater in continuous activated sludge systems is studied by model simulations based upon experimental results.

The Effect of Residual COD on the Biological Treatability of Textile Wastewaters

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Orhon ◽  
N. Artan ◽  
S. Büyükmurat ◽  
E. Görgün
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
A Value ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
Textile Wastewaters

Textile effluents often contain an array of chemicals with different biodegradation characteristics. Consequently, it is quite difficult to evaluate and interpret the degree of COD removal that can be attained by biological treatment without identifying COD portions that are resistant to biodegradation. This study evaluates the biological treatability of textile wastewaters generated by the knit and wowen fabric finishing category with specific emphasis on the assessment of different residual COD components. A new method is proposed to experimentally measure the initial particulate inert COD. The method is tested to yield a value of 73 mgl-1 for this COD component, corresponding to 16 % of the particulate COD in the textile sample. A previously developed procedure is used to quantify the initial soluble inert COD and the residual COD generated through microbial metabolism during the treatment process. The ratio of the inert fraction to the soluble COD of the textile effluents is found to vary between 0.076 and 0.22. A similar ratio in the range of 0.04 - 0.09 is calculated for the residual microbial products. The kinetic and stoichiometric constants associated with the biodegradable COD are also experimentally measured. The residual components, together with the kinetic information about biodegradable fractions, are used to simulate the performance of activated sludge systems by means of a relationship between the total effluent COD and the sludge age. The results indicate that the residual components practically dominate the effluent COD and seriously challenge related effluent standards.

Effects of calcium ion on sludge conditioning

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-chao Chang ◽  
Shun-hsing Chuang ◽  
Hui-ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solution ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Conditioning ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Investigating the sludge conditioning behavior and improving sludge conditionability were the primary objectives of this study. The effects of calcium ion with and without polyelectrolyte conditioning behavior on two industrially activated sludge systems were studied via Capillary Suction Time (CST) tests. Experimental results indicated that the calcium ion can strongly enhance the conditionability of the industrial biological sludge system. The good conditionability of calcium ion added system could have possibly resulted from the interaction of polysaccaride from activated sludge with calcium ion. Additionally, adding polyelectrolyte solution first would produce more suitable conditioning in a situation in which calcium ion is involved with polyelectrolyte system.

Retrofitting activated sludge systems to intermittent aeration for nitrogen removal

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hanhan ◽  
N. Artan ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

The paper provides the basis and the conceptual approach of applying process kinetics and modelling to the design of alternating activated sludge systems for retrofitting existing activated sludge plants to intermittent aeration for nitrogen removal. It shows the significant role of the two specific parameters, namely, the aerated fraction and the cycle time ratio on process performance through model simulations and proposes a way to incorporate them into a design procedure using process stoichiometry and mass balance. It illustrates the effect of these parameters, together with the sludge age, in establishing the balance between the denitrification potential and the available nitrogen created in the anoxic/aerobic sequences of system operation.

The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
Q. Samak ◽  
P. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

Pond Treatment of Rettery Wastewaters

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
K. Bartoszewski ◽  
A. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Stabilization ◽  
In Series

Rettery wastewaters were treated in anaerobic and aerobic ponds. Anaerobic treatment yielded efficiencies of BOD5 and COD removal as low as 20%. The treatment process conducted under aerobic conditions in aerated and stabilizing ponds arranged in series took from 18 to 20 days and gave efficiencies of BOD5 and COD removal amounting to 90%. The experimental results were interpreted by virtue of the Eckenfelder equation. Excess activated sludge was subjected to aerobic stabilization in a separate tank. A new technology was suggested for the existing obsolete industrial treatment plant.

On the Problem of “Two-Phase” Activated Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Szetela
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
In Series ◽  
State Models ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Steady-state models are presented to describe the wastewater treatment process in two activated sludge systems. One of these makes use of a single complete-mix reactor; the other one involves two complete-mix reactors arranged in series. The in-series system is equivalent to what is known as the “two-phase” activated sludge, a concept which is now being launched throughout Poland in conjunction with the PROMLECZ technology under implementation. Analysis of the mathematical models has revealed the following: (1) treatment efficiency, excess sludge production, energy consumption, and the degree of sludge stabilization are identical in the two systems; (2) there exists a technological equivalence of “two-phase” sludge with “single-phase” sludge; (3) the “two-phase” system has no technological advantage over the “single-phase” system.

The Use of Anoxic Selectors for the Control of Low F/M Activated Sludge Bulking

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Shao ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Sludge Bulking ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Soluble Substrate ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Laboratory and pilot plant experiments on anoxic selector activated sludge systems were conducted on two wastewaters in some cases supplemented with nitrate, acetate or glucose. To prevent bulking sufficient anoxic selector detention time and nitrate levels must be available to reduce selector effluent soluble COD to below 100 mg/l and to reduce readily metabolizable organic matter to virtually zero (< 1 mg/l). Soluble COD/NO3-N removal stoichiometry is in the range 6.0-6.7. Selector systems have elevated soluble substrate removal and denitrification rates compared to CSTR systems. These rates are not affected greatly by temperature (20-25°C) for CSTR sludges but are for selector sludges. Upon exhaustion of nitrate in a selector soluble COD leaks out of the activated sludge in significant amounts. Thiothrix sp. and type 021N denitrify only to NO2 and at much slower rates than Zoogloearamigera does to N2. A sequencing batch system provides an optimistic estimate of the SVI that can be obtained by an anoxic selector system.

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