Anaerobic treatment of chemical and brewery waste water with a new type of anaerobic reactor; the biobed® EGSB reactor

In this paper a new ultra high loaded type of anaerobic reactor, the Biobed® EGSB (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) reactor, is presented. Also presented is the full scale implementation of this reactor in two different types of industry; namely chemical industry and brewery. The chemical factory involved is Caldic Europoort in the Netherlands. In this factory formaldehyde is produced from methanol. The waste water is characterised by high concentrations of these compounds (formaldehyde till 5 g/l and methanol till 10 g/l). Due to the special configuration of the employed anaerobic reactor it is possible to acquire a removal efficiency for both compounds of more than 99%. At the brewery involved the Biobed® reactor is installed before an existing aerobic treatment. Here, the reactor serves as “COD remover”, which results in a decreased COD load to the aerobic post-treatment causing lesser sludge production and lesser energy consumption. It is concluded that the Biobed® EGSB reactor is a new ultra high loaded anaerobic treatment system in which it is possible to obtain high volumetric COD removal rates and in which it is possible to treat waste water containing toxic but degradable chemical compounds.

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The biobed® EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) system covers shortcomings of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in the chemical industry

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0381 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 183-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

George R. Zoutberg ◽

Peter de Been

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Special Configuration ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Brewery Yeast

In this paper a new type of anaerobic reactor is presented. The system has been developed by Biothane Systems and is marketed under the name Biobed® EGSB reactor (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed). In this reactor it is possible to grow and maintain a granular sludge under high liquid (10 m/h) and gas velocities (7 m/h). The most striking feature is the growth of biomass in a granular form, similar to the UASB granules: no carrier material is used. The process is specially suitable to treat waste water that contains compounds that are toxic in high concentrations and that only can be degraded in low concentrations (chemical industry). An example is given for a waste water originating from a chemical factory (Caldic Europoort) in the Netherlands. In this factory formaldehyde is produced from methanol. The waste water is characterised by high concentrations of these compounds (formaldehyde to 10 g/l and methanol to 20 g/l). Due to the special configuration of the anaerobic reactor it is possible to realise a removal efficiency for both compounds of more than 98%. It is also possible to operate the reactor as an ultra high loaded anaerobic reactor (to 30 kg COD/m3.day) for applications in other sectors of industry (e.g. brewery, yeast, sugar, corn ethanol production etc).

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Anaerobic treatment of chemical and brewery waste water with a new type of anaerobic reactor; the biobedS EGSB reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.1016/0273-1223(96)00668-3 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (5-6) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

New Type

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Anaerobic Treatment of Viscose Wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0018 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H Kroiss ◽

F Plahl-Wabnegg ◽

K Svardal

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Carbonaceous Matter ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Zinc Removal ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Reducing Bacteria

The waste water from the viscose production process can be characterized as follows: low to medium strength of biodegradable carbonaceous matter, high concentrations of sulfate, high concentrations of zinc. The treatment process to be presented consists of anaerobic pre-treatment of the neutralized waste water combining the removal of carbonaceous matter with zinc removal by sulfide precipitation. The organic pollution of the waste water is used as a substrate for sulfate reducing bacteria present in the anaerobic reactor. The hydrogen sulfide produced precipitates the zinc as insoluble zinc sulfide. Labscale experiments lasting several months resulted in stable zinc effluent concentrations below 1 mg/l combined with a COD removal of about 40 - 50 %.

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Treatment of gypsum waste in a two stage anaerobic reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0572 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (5-6) ◽

pp. 367-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Deswaef ◽

T. Salmon ◽

S. Hiligsmann ◽

X. Taillieu ◽

N. Milande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Two Stage ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽

Second Stage ◽

Different Types ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Reducing Bacteria

The reduction of high concentrations of gypsum (up to 110 kg/m3) is investigated in a two stage immobilised cell bioreactor. The first stage is mainly colonised by a consortium of acidogenic bacteria and sulphate reducing bacteria oxidising volatile fatty acids with more than 2 carbons (mainly, butyrate and propionate). The gypsum consumption rate is rather high (11 kg/m3.day). Most of acetate remains unconverted in this first stage. It is partially converted in the second stage (residence time : 12 days) which is predominantly colonised by acetate oxidising bacteria. The gypsum consumption rate is much lower than in the first stage: 3 kg/m3.day. With both stages, it is possible to reach an almost complete conversion of gypsum with an overall capacity of 6.1 kg gypsum/m3.day. We propose also a very simple model to describe the different transformation rates. It allows us to clearly identify the activity levels of the different types of sulphate reducing bacteria in both stages.

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Modernization of Anaerobic Bioreactor for Waste Water Purification Plant

NTU KhPI Bulletin Power and heat engineering processes and equipment ◽

10.20998/2078-774x.2021.03.08 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-65

Author(s):

Victoria Mel’nick ◽

Olha Vorobyova ◽

Natalia Ostapenko

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Biotechnological Production ◽

Anaerobic Bioreactor ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Industry Waste ◽

High Concentrations ◽

High Level

Analysis of literature sources suggests that the use of anaerobic treatment methods is especially effective for high concentrations of contaminants in wastewater, as well as for large volumes of water supplied for treatment, which is typical for industrial wastewater. In biotechnological production and food industry, waste water has a high level of pollution with organic compounds, it is advisable to use anaerobic treatment methods. Anaerobic wastewater treatment processes are characterized by low energy consumption and the ability to recover energy through the combustion of methane. To ensure the required temperature regime for the operation of the bioreactor, a new design of the heat exchange device of the anaerobic bioreactor with immobilized microorganisms has been developed. This design of the bioreactor can provide the required degree of wastewater purification at significantly lower costs for construction, operation, and material and energy resources. For clarity, the design features were designed bioreactor with a plane load of bundled software SOLIDWORKS and a mathematical model of the processes of anaerobic wastewater treatment.

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Experiences with anaerobic treatment of fat-containing food waste liquids: two full scale studies with a novel anaerobic flotation reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.806 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1386-1394 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. T. M. J. Frijters ◽

T. Jorna ◽

G. Hesselink ◽

J. Kruit ◽

D. van Schaick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Gas Production ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Loading Rates ◽

Study Results ◽

New Type ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Volumetric Loading

Fat-containing food waste can be effectively treated in a new type of reactor, the so-called BIOPAQ-Anaerobic Flotation Reactor or BIOPAQ® anaerobic flotation reactor (AFR). In the reactor a flotation unit is integrated to retain the sludge. In this study results from two plants with a 430 and 511 m3-AFR, respectively, are presented. In one reactor, which is fed with water originating from different food liquid streams, over 99% of fat and oils were removed. Over 90% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed. When the last solids were removed from the effluent with a tilted plate settler, 98% COD removal was attained. The effluent concentrations of extractable hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed fats were less than 40 mg/l. Apparently the variations in the liquid streams deriving from the tank cleaning activities did not disturb the system. Only extremely high concentrations of fats could disturb the system, but the inhibition was reversible. In the reactor treating water from an ice-cream factory, which contained fats up to approximately 50% of influent COD, a COD removal efficiency of 90% was achieved. At volumetric loading rates varying from 1 to 8 kg COD/m3/d, biogas was produced at an average specific gas production of 0.69 m3/kg COD–removed.

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Modelling struvite precipitation in anaerobic treatment systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0592 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

R. E. Loewenthal ◽

U. R. C. Kornmüller ◽

E. P. van Heerden

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Experimental Verification ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Water Systems ◽

Magnesium Ions ◽

Trigger Mechanism ◽

Partial Pressure Of Co2 ◽

Struvite Precipitation ◽

High Concentrations

Struvite precipitation is common in waste water systems containing high concentrations of dissolved orthophosphates, free and saline ammonia and magnesium ions, such as in anaerobic fermentation systems, often leading to severe fouling. It appears that a reduction of the partial pressure of CO2, ie. pCO2 is a trigger mechanism for struvite precipitation. An algorithm was developed, based on equilibrium chemistry, to quantitatively predict the struvite precipitation potential of the water in such a process. This was then extended, to predict the change in state together with precipitation potential due to chemical perturbations, particularly variations of pCO2. Experimental verification of the algorithms is presented.

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Vacuum Operation for Overloaded Anaerobic Treatment Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0213 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (4-5) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

J. De Santis ◽

A. A. Friedman

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Simple Modification ◽

Anaerobic Reactors ◽

Fixed Film ◽

Solids Retention ◽

High Concentrations

Overloaded anaerobic treatment systems are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids and molecular hydrogen and poor conversion of primary substrates to methane. Previous experiments with fixed–film reactors indicated that operation with reduced headspace pressures enhanced anaerobic treatment. For these studies, four suspended culture, anaerobic reactors were operated with headspace pressures maintained between 0.5 and 1.0 atm and a solids retention time of 15 days. For lightly loaded systems (0.4 g SCOD/g VSS-day) vacuum operation provided minor treatment improvements. For shock organic loads, vacuum operation proved to be more stable and to support quicker recovery from upset conditions. Based on these studies and a companion set of bioassay tests, it was concluded that: (a) a loading rate of about 1.0 g SCOD/g VSS-day represents a practical loading limit for successful anaerobic treatment, (b) a headspace pressure of approximately 0.75 atm appears to be an optimum operating pressure for anaerobic systems and (c) simple modification to existing systems may provide relief for organically overloaded systems.

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A Review of Photoelectrocatalytic Reactors for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Stuart McMichael ◽

Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez ◽

John Anthony Byrne

Keyword(s):

Chemical Compounds ◽

Research Area ◽

Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽

Semiconducting Materials ◽

Electron Hole ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Aqueous Environments ◽

Different Types ◽

Water And Wastewater ◽

Electrical Bias

The photoexcitation of suitable semiconducting materials in aqueous environments can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can inactivate microorganisms and degrade a range of chemical compounds. In the case of heterogeneous photocatalysis, semiconducting materials may suffer from fast recombination of electron–hole pairs and require post-treatment to separate the photocatalyst when a suspension system is used. To reduce recombination and improve the rate of degradation, an externally applied electrical bias can be used where the semiconducting material is immobilised onto an electrically conducive support and connected to a counter electrode. These electrochemically assisted photocatalytic systems have been termed “photoelectrocatalytic” (PEC). This review will explain the fundamental mechanism of PECs, photoelectrodes, the different types of PEC reactors reported in the literature, the (photo)electrodes used, the contaminants degraded, the key findings and prospects in the research area.

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