Case history - two stage, low-rate anaerobic treatment facility for South American alcochemical/citric acid wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
D. R. Wilson ◽  
I. C. Page ◽  
A. A. Cocci ◽  
R. C. Landine
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Case History ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
South American ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Low Rate

This paper describes the case history of a two-stage, low-rate anaerobic treatment system at a South American alcochemical and citric acid plant. Environmental concerns associated with land irrigation of a high-strength industrial wastewater forced the plant to implement wastewater treatment. This paper will also outline results from an on-site pilot study which was conducted to develop the design criteria for the full-scale system. The installed full-scale system will be described in detail, including the plant s physical layout, design parameters, system performance, biogas production and utilization, and some of its unique aspects. Among these is the use of a floating biofilter (bagasse) on the second stage to eliminate any nuisance odours from off gases. All biogas generated in the first stage is collected, with a significant portion drawn off and burned in a retrofitted 8000 kW boiler to generate process steam. The excess biogas is flared. Effluent from the treatment system is combined with other low-strength process plant streams and discharged to a river. During the first year of operation, performance has been very good, with chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) removals averaging 74 percent, 93 percent, and 70 percent, respectively. The corresponding COD, BOD, and TSS results obtained in the pilot study were 74 percent, 96 percent, and 70 percent, respectively, and agree very well with those being obtained in full scale.

Biotower Pilot Study Results for a Photographic and Specialty Paper Manufacturer

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2109-2112
Author(s):  
J. G. Cleary ◽  
T. J. Boehm ◽  
R. J. Geary
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Schoeller Technical Papers, Inc. (Schoeller), which manufactures photographic and other specialty papers, is located in Pulaski, New York. The wastewater treatment system consists of a primary clarifier and two settling lagoons. Secondary treatment using a biotower was proposed to meet the new New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) discharge limits for BOD and TSS. The effluent from each basin is discharged directly to the Salmon River, at an approximate average flow of 1.6 million gallons/day (mgd). A biotower pilot study was performed to evaluate the suitability of a biotower treatment process for treating the total effluent from Schoeller's facility. The pilot study was used to select the media for the full-scale biotower and to confirm the design loading for the full-scale biotower, which proceeded in parallel with the pilot study due to the schedule constraints. Two pilot systems were operated to compare a conventional cross-flow and vertical media. Test data were collected to evaluate the performance of each pilot treatment system at a range of loading conditions and to develop the design loading information for the full-scale plant. The pilot units were operated for a period of 10 months. BOD concentrations to the pilot units averaged 58 mg/l with a peak of 210 mg/l. Approximately 80% of the BOD was soluble. BOD loadings averaged 21 lb BOD/day/1,000 cubic feet with a peak of 77 lb BOD/day/1,000 cubic feet. Both pilot units achieved excellent BOD removals exceeding 75%, with average effluent soluble BOD concentration less than 10 mg/l and average effluent TSS concentrations of 12 mg/l. The two media achieved comparable performance throughout most of the pilot study.

Anaerobic treatment of concentrated latex processing wastewater in two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanketA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriuma Jawjit ◽  
Winai Liengcharernsit
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This study aims to investigate treatment performance of the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) applied to concentrated latex processing wastewater in Thailand. First, optimal conditions including the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the acid tank and the UASB tank, pH, and temperature (mesophilic and thermophilic) were determined. It was found that the HRT at 24 h and 48 h were the optimal HRT for the acid tank and the UASB tank, respectively. The pH of the system should be controlled at 7 to prevent rubber coagulation and to achieve high treatment performance, and the mesophilic condition (35°C) was found to be the optimal temperature. Second, the two-stage UASB was applied with the optimal conditions mentioned earlier with real wastewater at a latex mill. It was found that methane production was about 0.116 L CH4/g COD removed (16.3–22.8 m3CH4/d), and average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) removal efficiency were about 82% and 92%, respectively. In case of SS removal, the results revealed that the two-stage UASB was capable of overcoming the limitations of the single-stage UASB in treating concentrated latex effluent. The results indicated that application of the two-stage UASB to concentrated latex processing wastewater is feasible. Nevertheless, combination with other treatment systems (e.g., oxidation pond, aerated lagoon) is necessary to meet Thailand's industrial effluent standards (in the case of COD).

scholarly journals Start-up of horizontal anaerobic reactors with sludge blanket and fixed bed for wastewater treatment from coffee processing by wet method

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. de Oliveira ◽  
Natani M. N. Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Mean

In this study it was evaluated the start-up procedures of anaerobic treatment system with three horizontal anaerobic reactors (R1, R2 and R3), installed in series, with volume of 1.2 L each. R1 had sludge blanket, and R2 and R3 had half supporter of bamboo and coconut fiber, respectively. As an affluent, it was synthesized wastewater from mechanical pulping of the coffee fruit by wet method, with a mean value of total chemical oxygen demand (CODtotal) of 16,003 mg L-1. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in each reactor was 30 h. The volumetric organic loading (VOL) applied in R1 varied from 8.9 to 25.0 g of CODtotal (L d)-1. The mean removal efficiencies of CODtotal varied from 43 to 97% in the treatment system (R1+R2+R3), stabilizing above 80% after 30 days of operation. The mean content of methane in the biogas were of 70 to 76%, the mean volumetric production was 1.7 L CH4 (L reactor d)-1 in the system, and the higher conversions were around at 0.20 L CH4 (g CODremoved)-1 in R1 and R2. The mean values of pH in the effluents ranged from 6.8 to 8.3 and the mean values of total volatile acids remained below 200 mg L-1 in the effluent of R3. The concentrations of total phenols of the affluent ranged from 45 to 278 mg L-1, and the mean removal efficiency was of 52%. The start-up of the anaerobic treatment system occurred after 30 days of operation as a result of inoculation with anaerobic sludge with active microbiota.

Experiences from the full-scale implementation of a new two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland design

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter Langergraber ◽  
Alexander Pressl ◽  
Raimund Haberl
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Public Holidays

This paper describes the results of the first full-scale implementation of a two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland (CW) system developed to increase nitrogen removal. The full-scale system was constructed for the Bärenkogelhaus, which is located in Styria at the top of a mountain, 1,168 m above sea level. The Bärenkogelhaus has a restaurant with 70 seats, 16 rooms for overnight guests and is a popular site for day visits, especially during weekends and public holidays. The CW treatment system was designed for a hydraulic load of 2,500 L.d−1 with a specific surface area requirement of 2.7 m2 per person equivalent (PE). It was built in fall 2009 and started operation in April 2010 when the restaurant was re-opened. Samples were taken between July 2010 and June 2013 and were analysed in the laboratory of the Institute of Sanitary Engineering at BOKU University using standard methods. During 2010 the restaurant at Bärenkogelhaus was open 5 days a week whereas from 2011 the Bärenkogelhaus was open only on demand for events. This resulted in decreased organic loads of the system in the later period. In general, the measured effluent concentrations were low and the removal efficiencies high. During the whole period the ammonia nitrogen effluent concentration was below 1 mg/L even at effluent water temperatures below 3 °C. Investigations during high-load periods, i.e. events like weddings and festivals at weekends, with more than 100 visitors, showed a very robust treatment performance of the two-stage CW system. Effluent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and NH4-N were not affected by these events with high hydraulic loads.

The Treatment Mode and Key Techniques to the Complex Chemical Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1704-1708
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yong Shan Ma ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Yan Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Whole Stillage ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Key Techniques

The performance of a dual and multi-stage treatment system which was made up of two-stage whole stillage anaerobic fermentation (WSAF), an internal circulation reactor (IC), an anoxic/aerobic reactor (A/O) and a biological aerated filter (BAF), was investigated for the treatment of complex chemical wastewater with an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 700-55,000 mg/L. According to different wastewater sources and qualities, different types of wastewater were inputted into the treatment system. More than 95% of CODCr and suspended substance (SS) could be removed by anaerobic treatment. Approximately 4% of CODCr and SS could be removed during the phases of A/O and BAF. The highest values of CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N and SS in the treated effluent were 87.0, 19.7, 14.5 and 38.0 mg/L, respectively.

scholarly journals Controlled experiment contradicts the apparent benefits of the Fenton reaction during anaerobic digestion at a municipal wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1861-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet E. Uman ◽  
Joseph G. Usack ◽  
José L. Lozano ◽  
Largus T. Angenent
Keyword(s):  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sludge Recycling

Abstract A previous study had reported that the Fenton reaction at full scale increased the digestibility of thickened sludge in a digester. The authors of the study had observed a positive effect on biogas productivity, but without a control. Here, we evaluated this result by investigating the anaerobic treatment characteristics of fresh, thickened sludge in an experimental design with a control. To accomplish this, two identical continuously stirred anaerobic digesters (CSADs) were operated in parallel at mesophilic conditions. We also included anaerobic settlers to mimic the full-scale plant and to accomplish sludge recycling. We fed fresh, thickened sludge to both setups once every other day, but performed the Fenton reaction with only the experimental system by adding H2O2 to the recycled biosolids from the anaerobic settler. We observed very large fluctuations in biogas production due to ever-changing characteristics of the thickened sludge both on a daily and seasonal basis. Regardless, the two setups performed almost identically with: 1) chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 63.8 ± 2.9% and 62.1 ± 3.2%; and 2) biogas productivities of 0.280 and 0.279 L CH4·g−1 volatile solids for the experimental (with Fenton) and control (without Fenton) CSADs, respectively. These results indicate that the use of a Fenton reaction did not affect biogas productivities.

scholarly journals Characterization and anaerobic digestion of highly concentrated Mexican wine by-products and effluents

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vital-Jacome ◽  
M. Cazares-Granillo ◽  
J. Carrillo-Reyes ◽  
G. Buitron
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
By Products

Abstract Wine production has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries such as Mexico. This increase is followed by an increase of winery effluents that must be treated to avoid environmental risks. However, little information is available about the characteristics of these effluents and the possible treatments. This paper aimed to characterize the effluents and by-products generated by the Mexican winery industry and to evaluate the performance and stability of the anaerobic treatment using a single-stage and a two-stage process. Results showed that the winery effluents had a high content of biodegradable organic matter, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) values ranging from 221 to 436 g COD/L. The single-stage anaerobic process was able to treat an organic loading rate of 9.6 kg COD/(m3 d); however, it was unstable and highly dependent on the addition of bicarbonate alkalinity (0.31 g NaHCO3/g COD removed). The two-stage process was more stable working at a higher organic load (12.1 kg COD/(m3 d)) and was less dependent on the addition of bicarbonate (0.17 g NaHCO3/g COD removed). The results highlight the potential of the winery effluents to produce methane through anaerobic digestion in a two-stage process, making wine production more sustainable.

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