Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gebert ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Support

The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustained increase of the metabolic rates did not occur. The decrease of the solubility of oxgen in water and mass transfer limitations caused by an increase of the biofilm thickness are the main reasons for that. Thus, the heating of trickling filters (e.g. by waste heat utilization) in order to increase the capacity of trickling filters under cold weather conditions cannot be recommended.

Dynamic simulation of a low loaded trickling filter for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seggelke ◽  
F. Obenaus ◽  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Examination Period ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Measuring Campaign

For this report, an existing biofilm model was examined in regard to its suitability for the simulation of full scale trickling filter for nitrification. The system was calibrated using the results ascertained in a measuring campaign under dry weather conditions. The verification was done using the results of a second examination period which included spells of stormwater input. It was possible for all periods to satisfactorily illustrate the degradation performance of the simulated trickling filters in regard to dynamics and quantity.

scholarly journals Enhanced Degradation of Naproxen by Immobilization of Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) on Loofah Sponge

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dzionek ◽  
Danuta Wojcieszyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska ◽  
Urszula Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Loofah Sponge ◽  
Immobilised Cells ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

The naproxen-degrading bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) was immobilised onto loofah sponge and introduced into lab-scale trickling filters. The trickling filters constructed for this study additionally contained stabilised microflora from a functioning wastewater treatment plant to assess the behavior of introduced immobilized biocatalyst in a fully functioning bioremediation system. The immobilised cells degraded naproxen (1 mg/L) faster in the presence of autochthonous microflora than in a monoculture trickling filter. There was also abundant colonization of the loofah sponges by the microorganisms from the system. Analysis of the influence of an acute, short-term naproxen exposure on the indigenous community revealed a significant drop in its diversity and qualitative composition. Bioaugmentation was also not neutral to the microflora. Introducing a new microorganism and increasing the removal of the pollutant caused changes in the microbial community structure and species composition. The incorporation of the immobilised B1(2015b) was successful and the introduced strain colonized the basic carrier in the trickling filter after the complete biodegradation of the naproxen. As a result, the bioremediation system could potentially be used to biodegrade naproxen in the future.

Maximizing trickling filter nitrification rates through biofilm control: research review and full scale application

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny S. Parker ◽  
Tom Jacobs ◽  
Erich Bower ◽  
Dennis W. Stowe ◽  
Greg Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biofilm Control ◽  
Control Research

Tertiary nitrifying trickling filters (NTFs) at the Littleton/Englewood wastewater treatment plant provide for nitrification to meet seasonally varying effluent requirements for ammonia nitrogen. Operation of the full-scale facilities during the past two years demonstrates highly efficient oxidation of ammonia and the effectiveness of biofilm control strategies. A decline in nitrification performance caused by predators was successfully corrected by the use of a special alkaline backwash feature which controlled the level of larval development within the NTFs.

scholarly journals Experimental Work on Cold Starting Emission of CI Engine using Engine Waste Heat Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3708-3712
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Cold Starting ◽  
Smoke Opacity

In the present day, emission by internal combustion engines causes several problems like acid rain, depletion of ozone layer, and global warming for which it has become a prior concern. The hazards further increases during cold weather conditions. In this paper, emission analysis has been carried out using single cylinder, 4 stroke, direct injection and water cooled variable compression ratio diesel engine. A thermal energy storage device (TESD) containing phase changing material (PCM) has been designed and tested for storing the waste energy of cooling water from engine and reutilizing it for pre-heating. The working principle of TESD is based upon the principle of absorbing and rejecting heat during phase change of PCM material. The test condition is 15° C and 1 atm pressure at which, the experiments are carried out using TESD. A significant reduction in CO (23.72%), HC (2.03%) and smoke opacity (6.05%) after 900secs and an increase in engine temperature upto 61ºC after 840secs of engine running is observed.

The use of algal-bacterial biofilms to enhance nitrification rates in lagoons: experience under laboratory and pilot-scale conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. McLean ◽  
K. Baskaran ◽  
M. A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Support Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Support ◽  
Lagoon Systems

Investigations were undertaken at the Western Treatment Plant (WTP), near Melbourne, Australia, to find ways of increasing overall ammonia and nitrogen removal rates in the WTP lagoon systems. Immobilisation of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms was one approach explored. Preliminary tests showed that algal/bacterial biofilms capable of achieving ammonia removal rates of 3 to 4 μg N/cm2·h would form on support surfaces immersed in the WTP lagoons. A laboratory-scale investigation was carried out to characterise the influence of parameters such as pH, temperature, COD level, dissolved oxygen concentration and incubation depth on biofilm performance. This study was followed by a pilot-scale investigation in a series of experimental ponds at the WTP. This compared the performance of three ponds, two containing 9360 m2 and 18240 m2 respectively of a geotextile biofilm support material and one containing no biofilm support material (the control pond). Ammonia removal rates comparable to those obtained in the preliminary tests were obtained when the biofilm support material was within the top 500 mm of the lagoon, i.e. in the photic zone. COD and suspended solids levels in the effluents from the biofilm containing ponds were substantially lower than those in the control pond effluent.

Modeling of volatile organic contaminants in trickling filter systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Melcer ◽  
Wayne J. Parker ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Contaminants

Despite the widespread use of trickling filters, there has been minimal investigation of the fate of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in such systems. A model describing the fate of VOCs in trickling filters is described. The removal of VOCs was investigated in a pilot-scale trickling filter receiving a feed of sewage dosed with a constant concentration of selected VOCs. Increasing hydraulic loading tended to increase the proportion of influent VOCs found in the effluent. Imposing effluent recycle also increased the fraction of VOCs found in the effluent but also decreased the fraction stripped and increased the fraction that was biodegraded. The values of the biodegradation coefficient, Kb, were found to be reproducible and affected by a combination of high hydraulic loading rate and effluent recycle.

Protection of biomass from snail overgrazing in a trickling filter using sponge media as a biomass carrier: down-flow hanging sponge system

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Onodera ◽  
Kazuaki Syutsubo ◽  
Wilasinee Yoochatchaval ◽  
Haruhiko Sumino ◽  
Motoyuki Mizuochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Sponge Media

This study investigated down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) technology as a promising trickling filter (TF) using sponge media as a biomass carrier with an emphasis on protection of the biomass against macrofauna overgrazing. A pilot-scale DHS reactor fed with low-strength municipal sewage was operated under ambient temperature conditions for 1 year at a sewage treatment plant in Bangkok, Thailand. The results showed that snails (macrofauna) were present on the surface of the sponge media, but could not enter into it, because the sponge media with smaller pores physically protected the biomass from the snails. As a result, the sponge media maintained a dense biomass, with an average value of 22.3 gVSS/L sponge (58.1 gTSS/L sponge) on day 370. The snails could graze biomass on the surface of the sponge media. The DHS reactor process performance was also successful. The DHS reactor requires neither chemical treatments nor specific operations such as flooding for snail control. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the DHS reactor is able to protect biomass from snail overgrazing.

Extension of a Large Trickling Filter Plant for Combined Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal (Ejby Mølle Wastewater Treatment Plant, Odense, Denmark)

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
First Results ◽  
P Removal

Until 1985, one of the wastewater treatment plants in Odense, Denmark, was a traditional trickling filter plant designed for approx. 275,000 PE. To meet rigorous standards for N and P removal, the plant was extended in 1986-1988, and the extended plant was put into operation in April, 1989. Now, standards have been changed again and are : N < 8 mg/l and P < 0.5 mg/l. These standards must be complied, with before 1992. The establishing of design criteria based on statistical methods is presented. On the basis thereof, one of various extension alternatives was chosen. This involved keeping the existing primary settling tanks and performing partial nitrification in the existing trickling filters succeeded by a new structure for N and P removal according to the BIO-DENIPHO method. The future extension for contact filtration is mentioned. Basic civil engineering data are described together with design and operating economy. Furthermore, mention is made of the commissioning procedure and the first results.

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