Municipal wastewater characteristics at Irtah pumping station in the Tulkarem city

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Q. Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Mixed Samples

Wastewater flow samples were collected at 2-hour intervals for one week during the month of October 1998 at the Irtah wastewater pumping station in the Tulkarem city. The station collects about 32% of the wastewater of the Tulkarem city and 25% of the Tulkarem camp. The samples were mixed on 24-hour basis and tested for the pollution parameters BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, orthophosphate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, calcium, sodium and potassium. At the 2-hour intervals the wastewater flow was tested for conductivity, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The variation of the strength of these parameters and its relation to the flow values are observed and evaluated. The produced organic strength versus the flow and the 24-hour mixed samples are presented and commented upon.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Johann Alexander Vera Mercado ◽  
Bernard Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Land use influences water quality in streams at different spatial scales and varies in time and space. Water quality has long been associated with agricultural and urban land uses in catchments. The effects of developed, forest, pasture, and agricultural land use on nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite (NNN); total phosphorus (TP); total suspended solids (TSS); chemical oxygen demand (COD); dissolved oxygen (DO) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations and their sensitivity were quantified to spatial pattern differences. The linear mixed modeling framework was used to examine the importance of spatial extent on models with water quality parameters as the response variable and land use types as the predictor variable. The results indicated that land use categories on different water quality parameters were significant and dependent on the selected spatial scales. Land use exhibited a strong association with total phosphorus and total suspended solids for close reach distances. Phosphorus is not highly soluble, and it binds strongly to fine soil particles, which are transported by water via runoff. Nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were better predicted for further reach distances, such as 45 or 50 km, where the best model of nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite is consistent with the high mobility of NO3−.

Performance Evaluation of Compact RBC-Settling Tank System

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1467-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Hong Ahn ◽  
Jae-Soo Chang
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Tank System ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the performance of RBC-Settling tank system on wastewater treatment in comparison with conventional RBC. The same synthetic wastewater was fed parallel into four stage laboratory scale cascade-connected RBC-Settling tank and conventional RBC reactors at a fixed rotational speed and hydraulic loading. At three different organic loading rates of 6.14, 13.44 and 23.31 g SCOD/m2/day, the results of the systems are presented in terms of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), organic and suspended solids (SS) loading and removal. Disk Biomass Index (DBI), Sludge Biomass Index (SBI) and Fractional Biomass Volatile Solids Destruction (FBVSD) were used to compare the disk active biomass and sludge stability of the RBC-Settling tank system with those of the conventional RBC. Removal efficiency of suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was found to be much higher in the RBC-Settling tank system than the conventional RBC but organic removal in terms of SCOD removed g/m2/day of both reactors was not much different. Much better sludge stabilization was observed in the RBC-Settling tank system. The RBC-Settling tank system showed good performance on the suspended solids, NH3-N and TKN removal, and sludge stabilization as well as organic removal, which indicates that this is an effective and economical system for treating domestic wastewater in small and isolated communities.

scholarly journals First report: Amazon River Prawn reared in biofloc technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Adolfo Jatobá ◽  
Esmeralda Chamorro Legarda ◽  
Larissa Stockhausen ◽  
Felipe do Nascimento Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biofloc Technology ◽  
Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽  
Management Techniques

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of biofloc technology to reared Amazon River prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum). One hundred Amazon River prawn juveniles were divided into two experimental units (250 L), 50 animals per each. Prawns were fed two times per day, with 3% of the prawn biomass.  Dissolved oxygen and temperature were performed twice a day. Total suspended solids, pH, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate were monitored twice a week. Prawns showed 77.67%, survival, 2.98 feed conversion, weekly weight gain of 0.29 g day-1, and yield of 822.0 g m-3 after six weeks of rearing. Dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH were suitable for the species, however, for some weeks, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were higher than the limits recommended for prawn. In conclusion it is possible to use BFT to maintain and rearing Amazon River Prawn (M. amazonicum), however to improve the performance it is necessary to define nutritional requirements, as well improve the management techniques for this species in BFT.

scholarly journals Limnology of Merbok estuary, Kedah, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Wan Maznah Wan Omar ◽  
Mansor Mat Isa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Hand Temperature ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Merbok Estuary

Water quality in three different stations of Merbok estuary was investigated limnologically from October, 2010 to September, 2011. Water temperature, transparency and total suspended solids (TSS) varied from 27.45 - 30.450C, 7.5 - 120 cm and 10 -140 mg/l, respectively. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 1.22-10.8 mg/l, while salinity ranged from 3.5-35.00 ppt. pH and conductivity ranged from 6.35 - 8.25 and 40 - 380 ?S/cm, respectively. Kruskal Wallis H test shows that water quality parameters were significantly different among the sampling months and stations (p<0.05). This study revealed that DO, salinity, conductivity and transparency were higher in wet season and TSS was higher in dry season. On the other hand, temperature and pH did not follow any seasonal trends.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 13-19, 2013

Biological degradation of a mixture of municipal wastewater and organic garbage leachate in expanded bed anaerobic reactors and a zeolite filter

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Castilla ◽  
L. Aguilar ◽  
M. Escamilla ◽  
B. Silva ◽  
Z. Milán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Municipal wastewater was amended with organic garbage leachates at a concentration around 700 mgCODsoluble/L and fed to three different anaerobic systems to compare their performance: a down flow fluidized bed (DFFB), an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) and a zeolite-packed anaerobic filter reactor (ZPF). The DFFB and EGSB reactors were operated at HRT of 6 and 4 h and the ZPF reactor at 12 and 36 h. Organic loads rate for the DFFB reactor were 2.3±0.9 and 4.8±1.8 gCOD/L·d, with removal efficiencies around 40% and a methane productivity of 0.2±0.03 L/Lreactor·d. For the EGSB reactor, organic loads tested were 2.1±0.9 and 4.3±1.3 gCOD/L·d, removal efficiencies attained were of 77.6±12.7% and 84.4±4.9%, respectively at both conditions and total suspended solids were removed in 54.6±19.3%, while methane productivity at 4 h HRT was of 1.29±0.4 L/Lreactor·d. The ZPF reactor was operated at lower organic loading rates, 1.4±0.27 and 0.42±0.13 gCOD/L·d and attained removal efficiencies of 48±18% and 83±8%, respectively, reaching a methane productivity of 0.21±0.09 and 0.12±0.04 L/Lreactor·d, 83±8.0% of total suspended solids were retained in the reactor and as HRT was increased ammonium concentrations increased in 39%. Specific methanogenic activity in all systems was around 0.2 gCOD-CH4/gVSS d.

scholarly journals Periphytic algal biomass in two distinct regions of a tropical coastal lake

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéfano Zorzal de Almeida ◽  
Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Net Cages

AIM: This study assessed the phycoperiphyton biomass in two regions submitted to different human impacts on Juara Lake, a coastal ecosystem with multiple uses, to order to test the hypothesis that the sampling sites that receive domestic sewage shows higher biomass values. METHODS: It was installed three experimental structures with artificial substrate (glass slides) in December 2009 in two sampling sites: ED - near the domestic sewage's release; TR - in the area of intensive fish farming (net cages). Samplings were conducted in each experimental structure, after 21, 26 and 31 days for colonization. We evaluated: transparency, electric conductivity, pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and silicate. The phycoperiphyton was analyzed regarding biomass: biovolume (total and per class); pigments (chlorophyll-a and b and carotenoids) and phaeophytin; dry weight and ash-free dry weight. RESULTS: TR featured higher values of transparency, water temperature and silicate. ED presented greater values of conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, alkalinity, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, and orthophosphate. No difference was detected between the sites and the succession of days for the dry weight, ash-free dry weight, chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, phaeopigments, and total biovolume. CONCLUSIONS: Nevertheless, the biovolume of Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae were more representative in ED. Only the higher values of chlorophyll confirmed the hypothesis tested.

Removal of Soluble and Particulate Organic Material in Municipal Wastewater by a Chemical Flocculation and Biohlm Processes

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
Y. Kanemoto ◽  
K. Takeda ◽  
H. Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Oxidation ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

Since the major part of the contaminants in municipal wastewater is associated with particles, direct particle separation is an effective way of lowering the wastewater contaminant level. An additional biological oxidation is usually required to remove the residual soluble contaminants. This paper presents the experimental data on the chemical treatment of municipal wastewater by the Jet Mixed Separator(JMS) which can be used as a unit process for physico-chemical treatment. As simultaneous flocculation and sedimentation occurred, the JMS effluent concentration of phosphorus and suspended solids was low in a hydraulic retention time of less than 1 hour. The removal efficiency of TOC associated with particles with a diameter of more than 0.1 µm was also high. The JMS effluent was treated using an upgraded Rotating Biological Contactor to remove the residual contaminants due to the surface adsorption of particulate contaminants and the biological oxidation of soluble organics and ammonia nitrogen. The performance of the combined system of JMS and RBC was very high in producing the effluent with very low concentrations of TOC, phosphorous and suspended solids in a hydraulic retention time of less than 2 hours.

scholarly journals Coagulation and electrocoagulation for co-treatment of stabilized landfill leachate and municipal wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohini Verma ◽  
R. Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
A Current ◽  
Aluminum Consumption

Abstract Landfill leachate and municipal wastewater at various ratios (1:20, 1:10, 1:7 and 1:5) were subjected to coagulation and electrocoagulation (EC). Alum was used in conventional coagulation at pH 6 and aluminum plate as electrode was used in EC at a current density of 386 A/m2 with 5 cm inter electrode spacing. Treatment efficiency was assessed from removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. At 1:5 ratio of landfill leachate to municipal wastewater, highest COD removal was with 3.8 g/L alum whereas highest turbidity removal was with 3.3 g/L alum during coagulation. EC exhibited almost similar removal efficiency for all the parameters at different ratios tested except for COD which was considerably higher at 1:20 ratio. Aluminum consumption from electrode was 0.7 g/L following EC as compared to 3.8 g/L alum used in coagulation. The amount of sludge produced was found to be higher with EC as compared to coagulation which could be due to the fact that the electrochemical method was performed for a longer duration than conventional coagulation. For minimal sludge generation, EC reaction time should be ∼30 min. Further studies with EC process on costing and sludge generation will help to advance the technology for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) in Terengganu River, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Ekhwan Toriman ◽  
Frankie Marcus Ata ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters

Terengganu River Basin is situated in the north eastern coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. 29 sampling stations were selected. The water quality parameters were measured such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). Results showed that the range of DO (2.11 mg/L – 8.07 mg/L), TSS (0.4 mg/L – 128.2 mg/L) and SSC (0.07 mg/L – 25.6 mg/L). The distribution of land use and land cover activities effected to the level of water quality in watersheds. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) was applied and provide a better understanding for the complex relationships among water quality parameters. Graphical data helps a better view of the overall analysis to appoint sources of pollutants to their effect. Terengganu River Basin is a shallow and has a sensitive ecosystem that responds to the land use changes and development activities of its surroundings. Water quality analysis showed that TSS and SSC were higher in the dry season but DO were higher in the wet season. Overall, the water in the Terengganu River Basin classified slightly contaminated especially the main sources of pollutants were possibly waste products and waste from development activities such as sand mining, farming, residential and agricultural.  

Design and Performance of Experimental Constructed Wetlands in Uganda, Planted with Cyperus Papyrus and Phragmites Mauritianus

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Okurut ◽  
G. B. J. Rijs ◽  
J. J. A. van Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Cyperus Papyrus ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Phragmites Mauritianus

The viability of the use of constructed wetlands planted with indigenous Cyperus papyrus and Phragmites mauritianus plants for the purification of pre-settled municipal wastewater in tropical environments was investigated in concrete lined constructed wetlands for a period of 11 months. BOD and total suspended solids concentrations in the effluents from both systems were below 20 mg/l and 25 mg/l, respectively. In the C. papyrus systems, the removal rates for COD, NH4+ and o-PO4− averaged to 3.75, 1.01 and 0.05 (g/m2.day), respectively. In P. mauritianus units, the rates were 1.52, 0.97 and 0.068 (g/m2.day), respectively. A high degree of faecal coliform removal was attained at longer retention times in the two systems.

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